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The document discusses different types of draft systems used in combustion systems including natural draft produced by chimneys and mechanical draft produced using fans. It describes balanced draft which uses a forced draft fan to push air into the furnace and an induced draft fan to draw gases into the chimney. It also describes induced draft which uses an induced draft fan to draw combustion gases and forced draft which uses a fan to deliver air to the furnace.

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Baraa Al Sayed
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9 views

Untitled 3

The document discusses different types of draft systems used in combustion systems including natural draft produced by chimneys and mechanical draft produced using fans. It describes balanced draft which uses a forced draft fan to push air into the furnace and an induced draft fan to draw gases into the chimney. It also describes induced draft which uses an induced draft fan to draw combustion gases and forced draft which uses a fan to deliver air to the furnace.

Uploaded by

Baraa Al Sayed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Ch-01.

qxd 2/23/2005 11:18 AM Page 24

1. Fuels and Combustion

In a high-pressure gas mixer (figure 1.8),


the energy of the gas jet draws air into the
mixing chamber and delivers a correctly
proportioned mixture to the burner. When the
regulating valve is opened, gas flows through
a small nozzle into a venturi tube (a tube with
a contracted section). Entrainment of air with
high-velocity gas in the narrow venturi
section draws air in through large openings in
the end. The gas-air mixture is piped to a
burner. The gas-burner tip may be in a
variety of forms. In a sealed-in tip type, the Figure 1.8 High Pressure Gas Mixer
proper gas-air mixture is piped to the burner,
and no additional air is drawn in around the burner tip. Size of the air openings in the venturi
tube end is increased or decreased by turning a revolving shutter, which can be locked in any
desired position. Excess air levels in natural gas burner is in the order of 5%.

1.10 Draft System


The function of draft in a combustion system is to exhaust the products of combustion into the
atmosphere. The draft can be classified into two types namely Natural and Mechanical Draft.

Natural Draft
It is the draft produced by a chimney alone. It is caused by the difference in weight between the
column of hot gas inside the chimney and column of outside air of the same height and cross
section. Being much lighter than outside air, chimney flue gas tends to rise, and the heavier out-
side air flows in through the ash pit to take its place. It is usually controlled by hand-operated
dampers in the chimney and breeching connecting the boiler to the chimney. Here no fans or
blowers are used. The products of combustion are discharged at such a height that it will not be
a nuisance to the surrounding community.

Mechanical Draft
It is draft artificially produced by fans. Three basic types of drafts that are applied are :
Balanced Draft: Forced-draft (F-D) fan (blower) pushes air into the furnace and an induced-
draft (I-D) fan draws gases into the chimney thereby providing draft to remove the gases from
the boiler. Here the pressure is maintained between 0.05 to 0.10 in. of water gauge below atmos-
pheric pressure in the case of boilers and slightly positive for reheating and heat treatment fur-
naces.
Induced Draft: An induced-draft fan draws enough draft for flow into the furnace, causing the
products of combustion to discharge to atmosphere. Here the furnace is kept at a slight nega-
tive pressure below the atmospheric pressure so that combustion air flows through the system.
Forced Draft: The Forced draft system uses a fan to deliver the air to the furnace, forcing com-
bustion products to flow through the unit and up the stack.

Bureau of Energy Efficiency 24

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