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IINCH -POUND1

MIL-c-23233A(sH)
25 November 1992
SUPERSEDING
MIL-c-23233(SHIPS)
29 May 1962
(See 6.11)

MILITARY SPECIFICATION

COUPLINGS FOR PROPULSION UNITS , AUXILIARY TURBINES AND LINE SHAETS ,

NAVAL SHIPBOARD

This specification is approved for use by the Naval Sea Systems Command,
Department of the Navy, and is available for use by all departments and
agencies Of the Department Of Defense.

1. SCOPE

1.1 -. This specification covers flexible couplings for propulsion

units, auxiliary equipment, and line shafts.

1.2 Classification. Couplings are of the following types and classes as

specified (see 6.2) :

Type I Dental coupling lubricated by oil circulation.

class 1 275 minimum Brinell tooth hardness.
Class 2 350 minimum Brinell tooth hardness.
class 3 Nitrided, .49 minimum Rockwell C tooth hardness.
class 4 Carburized or induction hardened, 56 minimum Rockwell C
tooth hardness.
Class 5 Nitrided, 59 minimum Rockwell C tooth hardness.

Tvue
. . 11 Dental coupling, self-contained (grease) lubricant.
Class 1 COum&-ci=i, 160 ❑ inimum Bri~ell tooth hardness.
Class 2 275 minimum Brinell tooth hardness.

~
.:

Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions , deletions) and any pertinent

I data which may be of use in improving this documenc should be addressed to:
Commander, Naval Sea Sys terns Command, SS?..4
05Q42, 2531 National Center,
Bldg. 3, Washington, DC 20362-5101 by using the self-addressed Standardization
Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this
document or by letter.

AMSC N/A FSC 2010

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

Type III Laminated-disc coupling.

Type IV Nonmagnetic, noise-attenuation coupling.
I Type V Line-shaft noise-attenuation coupling assembly.
Type VI Diaphragm COUP1 ing.
T-me VII Elastom=r flexibl~ coupling.
Type VIII Connect or disconnect dental coupling.

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1 Government documents.

2 .1.1 S~. The following specifica-

tions, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent speci-
fied herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those
listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and
Standards (DODISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.2) .

SPECIFICATIONS

FEDERAL
QQ-S-365 - Silver Plating, Electrodeposited: General Require:
ments for.
W-S-766 - Steel, Stainless and Heat Resisting, Alloys , Plate,
Sheet and Strip.

MILITARY
I’IIL-S-901 - Shock Tests, H. 1. (High-Impact) Shipboard Machinery,
Equipment, and Systems , Requirements for.
MIL-A-907 - Antiseize Thread Compound, High Temperature.
MIL-S-1222 - Studs, Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, Socket Head Cap Screws
and Nuts.
MIL-S-5000 - Steel, Chrome-Nickel-Molybdenum (E4340) Bars and
Reforging Stock.
MIL-A-8625 - Anodic Coatings, for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys.
MIL-I-8846 - Inserts, Screw-Thread, Helical Coil.
MIL-L-9000 - Lubricating Oil, Shipboard Internal Combustion
Engine, High Output Diasel.
MIL-T-17286 - Turbines and Gears, Shipboard Propulsion and
Auxiliary Ste8m; Packaging of.
MIL-L-17331 - Lubricating Oil, Steam Turbine and Gear, Moderate
Service.
MIL-T-17523 - Turbine, Steam, Auxiliary (and Reduction Gear)
Mechanical Drive.
MIL-G-17859 - Gear Assembly, Propulsion (Naval Shipboard Use) .
MIL-F-18240 - Fastener Element, Self-Locking, Threaded Fastener,
250- F Maximum.
MIL-S-22698 - Steel Plate, Shapes and Bars, Weldable Ordinary
Strength and Higher Strength: Structural.
MIL-S -24093 - Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy Heat Treated.
DOD-G-24508 - Grease, High Performance, Multi-Purpose. (Metric)
DOD-F-24669 - Forgings and Forging Stock, Steel Bars, Billets and
Blooms, General Specification for. (Metric)

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

DOD-F-24669/l - Forgings and Forging Stock, Steel (Carbon and

A11oY) Blooms. Bars. Billets and Slabs. (Metric)
DOD-F-2&669/3 - Forgi&s and Forging” Stock, Steel Bars and Billets
for Nitriding. (Metric)
MIL-N-25027 - Nut, Self-Locking, 250 SF, 450” F, and 800” F.
MIL-C-26074 - Coatings, Electroless Nickel Requirements for.
MIL-C-83&88 - Coating, Aluminum, High Purity.

STANDARDS

MILITARY
MIL-STD -129 - Marking for Shipment and Storage.
MIL-STD-130 - Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property.
MIL-STD-167-1 - Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment (Type
I - Environmental and Type II - Internally
Excited) .
MIL-STD-271 - Requirements for Nondestructive Testing Methods.
MIL-STD-278 - Welding and Casting Standard.

HANDBOOK

MILITARY
MIL-HDBK-149 - Rubber.

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of federal and military specifications,

standards. and handbooks are available from the Standardizat ion Documents Order
Desk, BLOG. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. )

2.1.2 Other Governm ent documents. drawings. and publications. The following
other Government documents , drawings, and publications form a part of this
document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues
are those cited in the solicitation.

PUBLICATION

NAVAL SEA SYSTENS COMMAND (NAVS SA)

0901 -LP-420-OO07 - Propulsion Reduction Gears , Couplings, and
Chapter 241 Associated Components.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Standardization Documents

Order Desk, BLDG. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. )

2.2 Non-Gove rnment Dublicat ions. The following documents form a part of I
this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the
issues of the documents which are DOD adopted shall be those listed in the issue
of the DODISS cited in the solicitation. Unless otherwise specified, the issues
of documents not listed in the DODISS are the issues of the documents cited in the
solicitation (see 6.2) . I

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

I
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI)
846.1 - Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American National

Standards Institute, Inc. , 11 West 42nd Street, 13th floor, New York, NY 10036. )

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

A 516 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon
Steel, for Moderate- and Lower-Temperature Service.
A 537 - Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Heat-
Treated, Carbon-Manganese-Silicon Steel.
B26 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings.
(DoD adopted)
B 124 - Standard Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Forging
Rod, Bar, and Shapes. (DoD adopted)
B 150 - Standard Specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod, Bar, and
Shapes (DoD adopted)
B 283 - Standard Specification for Copper and Copper-Alloy Die
Forgings (Hot-Pressed) (DOD adopted)

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for “

Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. )

SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS (SAE)

AM 2680 - Electron-Beam Welding for Fatigue Critical Applications.
(DoD adopted)
AMS 2681 - Electron-Beam Welding. (DOD adopted)

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Society of Automotive

Engineers, Inc. , 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096. )

(Non-Government standards and other publications are normally available from

the organizations that prepare or distribute the documents. These documents also
may be available in or through libraries or other informational services. )

2.3 Order of precedence. In the event of a conflict between the text of

this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes
precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and
regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.

3. REQUIREMENTS

3.1 First article. When specified (see 6.2) , a sample shall be subjected to
first article inspection (see 6.5) in accordance with 4.3.

3.2 Materials. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , materials shall be as

listed in tables I and II.

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

TABLS 1. Materials of r.rinciual Darts.

oupling Case Minimum

type/ Applicable documents Material ardness ~ ardening case
class method epth 3J,~

Sleeves and hubs

1/1 !lIL-S-24093, class C, Forged 75 Bhn ~
type I or II steel

1/2 KIL-S-24093, class A, Forged 50 Bhn

type I or II steel

1/3 OOD-F-24669/1, Forged 9Rc~ itride .025 inch

grade 43h0 steel nduc tioT
arden

DOD-F-24669 and
1/4 00D-F-24669/1, Forged 6 Rc arburiz[ 5J
class 4615 steel

1/5 DOD-F-24669/3, ClaSS C, Nitralloy 1 9 Rc ‘itride .020 inch

conditton 2, type III

11/1 Commercial Forged 60 Bhn

steel

11/2 Same as type 1, classes

1-5 ~

III DiSCS QQ-S-766 Corrosion

resisting
steel

Flanges and center Forged

!
member pieces steel
MIL-S-24093, class C
or grades 4140 or 4340

Spat ing washers Forged

MIL-S-24093, class D, steel
type I or II

See footnotes at end of table.

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

TABLS 1. Materi als of urinciual Darts - Continued.

oupling Case Minimum

type/ Applicable documents Material lardness ~ Iardening case
class method Iepth ~,~

IV Tooth inserts Nitralloy ;9 Rc litride ).020 inch

DOD-F-24669/3 , ClaSS C ,
condition 2, type III

Hubs, sleeves, shafts Aluminum

ASTM B 124, B 150, or bronre or
B 283 (UNS C63000) ❑anganese
bronze

Elastomer MIL-HDBK -149 2/

v Shaft MIL-s-24093, Forged

class C, type I steel

Flanges Steel
ASTM A 537, class II plate

Dental couplings
Sleeves and hubs Nitralloy ;9 Rc Iitride ).020 inch
DOD-F-24669/3, class C,
condition 2, type III
Retainer rings Forged
141
L-S-24093, class B, steel
type I

Diaphragm couplings
Hubs, MIL-S-24093 Forged
type 1, steel
class B Z/
Diaphragms

Elastomer couplings
Plates Steel
ASTM A 516, grade 70 plate

Elastomer .MIL-HDBK- 149 Z/

Bushings and driver Steel bar Z/ :arburize u
pins
KIL-S-5000

VI Hub S Forged
MIL-S -24093 Diaphragms steel
Type 1, class B Z/

See footnotes at end of table.

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

TABLS 1. Materials of ur inciDal warts - Continued.

T
Case Minimum
Material Iardness ~ ~ardening case
method depth 3_/,~

VII Flanges, hubs, and Forged

sleeves MIL-S -24093 steel

Pins and bushings Steel bar Z/ :arburize 2/

DOD-F-24669/l

Cages Forged
MIL-S-22698, steel or
MIL-S-24093 steel
plate

Elastomer for
bushings or blocks Z/
MIL-HDBK-149
I VIII Same as type I

Hardness is minimum and for dental couplings hardness is applicable to

tooth surface.
Bhn is standard Brinell hardness number, Rc is hardness designated in Rockwell
C scale.
For carburized or induction hardened parts, case depth is defined as the depth
below the surface at which the hardness has dropped to Rc 50 or to five points
below the surface hardness, whichever is the lower hardness. For nitrided
parts, case depth is defined as the depth below the surface at which the
hardness has dropped to 110 percent of the core hardness. Depth of case
specified is after finish machining.
Case depth and case hardness shall be determined from lugs on forgings or from
coupon samples (for case hardened coupling teeth, see 4.6.1. 5) .
For carburized or induction hardened teeth, the minimum case depth shall be 10
percent of pitch line, chordal tooth thickness, or 0.025 inch, whichever is
greater.
See 3.6.1.2.
See 6.9.
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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

TABLS II. Materials other than urinciual Darts.

Part Applicable document Material

Threaded fasteners L/
BO1 ts, studs, and nuts MIL-S-1222 u Carbon and alloy
Cap screws, socket head steel, corrosion
Cap screws resisting material

Locknut MIL-N-25027 ~
Self-locking element MIL-F-18240 U
Threaded inserts MIL-I-8846

Gaskets W 141
L-T-17523
MIL-G-17859

Housing or guard ~ MIL-T-17523

MIL-G-17859
MIL-S-15083 class B Cast steel
or CW
MIL-S-22698 Steel plate

Weight-critical ASTM B 26 Aluminum alloy

housing or guard ~ alloy 355.0 or 356.0
. ..
~ Except for type IV couplings. Fasteners for type IV couplings shall be
nonmagnetic.
~ See 3.4.6.7.
3/ In accordance with specification requirement of parent equipment.
~ Except for type IV couplings. Material for type IV coupling housing or guard
shall be nonmagnetic in accordance with requirements of specification for
parent equipment.
5J See 3.f4.9 through 3.4.9.2.

3.2.1 Substitute materials. Materials other than those specified are

substitute materials (see 6.8 and 6.8 .1)

3.2.2 Use of cast iron. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , cast iron
parts shall not be used.

3.2.3 Prohibited materials. Cadmium, asbestos, and any material containing

asbestos which could become airborne shall not be used.

3.2.3.1 Mercurv and mercury COIII?J

ounds. Couplings and parts shall not
contain mercury or mercury compounds and shall be free of mercury contamination.

3.2.4 Surfaces. Metal surfaces shall be free of defects (see 4.6.1 through
4.6.1.2).

3.2.5 Surface hardened Darts. Minimum case depth shall be in accordance

with table 1, where applicable. Paint, plastic, and zinc coatings shall not be
applied to any surface exposed to oil.

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

3.2.6 Castings. Castings shall pass the inspection specified in 4.5.4.

3.2.7 Recovered materials. Unless otherwise specified herein, all equip-

ment, material, and articles incorporated in the products covered by this specifi-
cation shall be new and may be fabricated using ❑aterials produced from recovered
materials to the maximum extent practicable without jeopardizing the intended use ~
The term “recovered materials” means materials which have been collected or
recovered from solid waste and reprocessed to become a source of raw materials, as
Opposed to virgin raw materials. None of the above shall be interpreted to mean
that the use of used or rebuilt products is allowed under this specification
unless otherwise specifically specified.

3.3 Operatinz characteristics. Couplings shall be matched with driver and

driven equipment to provide stable operation under steady state, maneuvering,
reverse, windmilling, locked shaft, singling up, trail shaft, and disconnect
operation (as applicable) conditions as well as load changes including overload
for auxiliary couplings. Design shall also consider increased torque which occurs
during maneuvering and crash astern from full operation ahead, and then crash
ahead to full pover for propulsion machinery. Time required for various operating
conditions and increased torque shall be in accordance with parent equipment
specifications when coupling requirements are contained therein or as required ‘
(see 6.2) . When not otherwise provided, rated design torque of propulsion
machinery couplings for continuous operation shall be 125 percent of full power
torque.

3.3.1 Vibration calculations. Couplings shall be included in torsional and

longitudinal vibration analyses of the system (propulsion or auxiliary, as
applicable) (see 6.3 and appendix A)

3.3.2 Collaboration. The coupling contractor shall collaborate with the

driven and driving machinery contractor as applicable, to ensure that design
installation and operating requirement are identical and mutually acceptable (see
6.3 and appendix A).

3.3.3 Related Darent eauioment requirements and specifications. Numerous

requirements for couplings under this specification (for example, space, horse-
power, revolutions per minute (r/rein), installation, misalignment requirements)
when required (see 6.2) , are related to requirements and specifications for
propulsion or auxiliary prime mover (or propulsion electric motor) and reduction
gear Xor driven component) .

3.3.4 Service life. Insofar as practicable, couplings shall be designed for

30-year life. When life required for the parent equipment (see 6.2) is other than
30 years, couplings shall be designed for the same life. Where different life is
indicated for each parent equipment, cnuplings shall be designed for the greater
life requirement. Required operating hours for couplings shall be equal to the
greater value required for driver or driven equipment. When not otherwise
provided, coupling life in hours shall be in accordance with 3.3.4.1 and 3.3.4.2.
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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

3.3.&.l ~ eat nous

and all uroneller shaft sDeed auuli cations. Coupling life in operating hours
shall be as follows:

(a) Total hours - 150,000.

(b) Full power hours - 15,000.
(c) Between 50 and 100 percent full power hours - 60,000.
(d) Less than 50 percent full power hours - 75,000.

3.3.&.2 ~1 e atin our as turbine and iese

p~ Coupling life in
operating hours shall be as follows:

(a) Total hours - 150,000.

(b) Full power hours - 75,000.
(c) Between 50 and 100 percent full power hours - 37,500.
(d) Less than 50 percent full power hours - 37,500.

3.3.6.3 @eratinfz hours. auxiliarv cOuplinEs . Auxiliary coupling life shall

be 100,000 hours at design rated conditions.

3.4 General.

3.4.1 Maintenance.

3.4.1.1 Accessibility. Construction shall be within space limitations and

provide the maximum accessibility to parts which require routine inspection,
maintenance, and repairs (see 6.3) . Design shall provide for minimum effort
required to accomplish planned maintenance actions and to effect repairs

3.4.1.2 1~. Couplings shall be furnished as a complete

assembly. The following individual coupling parts shall be replaceable: tab or
lock washers, snap rings, seals, hub and sleeve inserts, and noise attenuating
elastomer elements. With the exception of flange fitted bolting holes, coupling
assemblies produced in accordance with given drawings (see 6.3 and appendix B) ,
shall be functionally and physically interchangeable without the necessity for
further machining, selective assembly, or hand fitting. In no case shall parts be
physically interchangeable or reversible unless such parts are also interchange-
able or reversible with regard to function, performance, and strength.

.’

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

3.4.2 Safety.

3.4.2.1 Safetv objectives. Couplings shall be designed and constructed to

minimize or preclude hazard to equipment or personnel during tests and when
installed and operational on board ship (see 6.3) Couplings shall always be
contained in guards, casings, or shields. Guards, casings, and shields shall be
furnished by parent equipment contractor or by the shipbuilder as is required by
parent equipment specification (see 6.2) . When not specified, shields which are
secured to ship’s structure are shipbuilder furnished, and casings and guards
secured to engine or reduction gear are furnished by the parent equipment
c ontra ctor.

3.4.2.2 Saf etv hazard. Where coupling operating requirements (for example,
connect or disconnect) may be hazardous to equipment or personnel, the hazard
shall be identified and alleviated via design, special instructions and safety
requirements, warning plates, and training requirements.
3.4.3 Calculations and stress diaerams. For each application, the following
calculations shall be made (see 6.3 and appendix A) :

(a) Shear stress in torque- transmitting bolts neglecting friction. .

(b) Stress in distance piece that connects flexible members of double-
eneaeement cOuDl in~.
(c) A1l-i~ems liste~ in-3 .4.3.1 through 3.4.3.3 for the coupling types
specified therein.
(d) Stresses in elements used to limit fore-and-aft travel of floating
member of double-engagement dental- tooth coupling in type V
assembly (see 3.9.3.1).

Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , the calculations shall be made at 125
percent of full-power torque for propulsion couplings and 110 percent of full-
power torque for auxiliary couplings. Calculations shall be made using
contractor’s procedure except where otherwise specified herein or in the contract
or order. When calculations are for stress or percent deformation, (the calcu-
lated values shall be compared to allowable limits)

3.4.3.1 Dental tooth couulin!zs. The following calculations for dental tooth
elements of type 1, type II class 2, type IV, type V, and type VIII couplings and
coupling assemblies shall be made:

(a) Hertzian contact stress in dental teeth for coupling in aligned

condition with JOO percent of the teeth in contact, calculated in
accordance with the following formula:

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

Sc - 2290 ~ T/(rRhN)

Where:

Sc - contact stress, pounds per square inch (psi) .

T - torque, inch-pounds.
r - radius of pitch circle, inches.
R - radius of tooth face crown, inches.
h - active tooth height, inches.
N - number of teeth in hub or sleeve.

The calculated value of Sc shall not exceed the following ellOw -

able values unless approved by the contracting activity :

Minimum tooth Maximum allowable contact stress

surface hardness in psi

275 Bhn 8,000

350 Bhn 12,000
69 Rc 15,000
56 Rc lB,000
59 Rc 19.500
I
(b) Pitch line shear stress in dental teeth for coupling in aligned
condition with 100 percent of the teeth in contact.

3.4.3.2 Dianhrai?m couDlinEs. The following calculations for type V and type
VI couplings and coupling assemblies that incorporate flexible diaphragm elements
shall be made:

(a) Total mean and total alternating stresses in diaphragm elements.

The individual stress components that are combined to establish
the total mean and total alternating stresses, as well as the
procedures used to combine these component stresses shall be
defined. Mean stress components shall include those due to:

(1) Drive torque.

(2) Axial deflection.
(3) Temperature gradients.
(L) Centrifugal force.
—
Alternating stress components shall include those due to:

(1). Parallel and angular misalignments.

(2) Torque fluctuations (for propulsion couplings) .
(3) Thrust load fluctuations (for propulsion couplings) .
(4) Rotating weight of coupling assembly supported by diaphragm
elements.
(5) Vibratory stresses (see 3.10.7).

Stress concentration factors shall be determined and used where

applicable.

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

(b) Factor of safety calculated in accordance with the following

formula:

FS - [(SM/SY) + (SA/SFL) ]“

Where:

FS - factor of safety.
SM - calculated total mean stress, psi.
SY - yield strength of diaphragm material, psi.
5A - calculated total alternating stress, psi.
SFL - fatigue limit of diaphragm material, psi.

The factor of safety calculated in accordance with the above

formula shall be not less than 2.0. Calculated total mean and
total alternating stresses shall be at inside diameter if diaphragm
thickness is constant, or maximum values if diaphragm thickness is
tapered or contoured. When the diaphragm is welded, the values of
yield strength and fatigue limit in the weld region shall be used
where applicable.

(c) For multiple diaphragm pack couplings where there is a potential

for fretting of the diaphragms and adjoining filler pieces due
to interference under high misalignment, a fretting factor of
safety shall be defined as follows:

FS - MA/DA

where:

FS - Factor of Safety

MA- Maximum angular misalignment that can be

applied tO a diaphragm pack, concurrent with
the maximum design point axial misalignment,
before fretting becomes imminent.

DA - Design point (maximum continuous) for angular

misalignment.

The fretting factor of safety, calculated in accor&nce with the

above formula, shall not be less than 1.2. The -fretting factor of
safety shall be verified either by test or detailed calculations.

(d) Axial, flexural (bending) , and torsional stiffnesses of each

diaphragm assembly or diaphragm pack. When the axial deflection
of the diaphragm assembly or diaphragm pack does not increase
linearly with axial load, a plot or tabulation of the axial load
versus axial displacement shall be furnished in lieu of the axial
stiffness.

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

(e) Axial, flexural (bending) , and tors ignal natural frequencies of

double -engagement couplings.

3.&. 3.3 Elastomer, noise-attenuation elements. The following calculations

for type IV and type V coupling assemblies that incorporate elastomer, noise-
attenuation elements shall be made:

(a) Total compressive and shear stresses in elastomer elements, as well

as corresponding percent deformations of the elements. Both the
❑ ean and alternating components of the stresses and percent
deformations shall be calculated. Mean stress and percent
deformation components are those due to:

(1) Pre-compression (where applicable)

(2) Drive torque.
(3) Axial deflection.
(4) Radial and axial temperature gradients.
(5) Centrifugal force.

Alternating stress and percent deformation components are those due

to :

(1) Parallel and angular ❑isalignments.

(2) Torque fluctuations (for propulsion couplings)
(3) Thrust load fluctuations (for propulsion couplings) .
(4) Rotating weight of coupling assembly supported by elastomer
elements.

Contouring of corners and edges to eliminate or reduce stress con-

centrations shall be defined. Calculated total stresses and
percent deformations shall not exceed the limits for continuous or
frequent loading designated in MIL-HDBK-149, both in shear and in
compression. Tensile loading of the elastomer shall be avoided.
Stress reversals in shear shall also be avoided except during
torque reversals.

(b) Axial, flexural (bending) , and torsional stiff nesses of coupling

members (at each end of double-engagement coupling)
(c) Axial, flexural (bending) , and torsional natural frequencies of
coupling assembly (for double -engagement couplings only) .
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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

3.6. & Distance Biece. Distance pieces in double-engagement couplings shall

be readily removable to facilitate handling of large COUP1 ings, or where such a
feature is not required, the complete coupling may be furnished as a permanent
assembly. Unless otherwise approved, distance-piece material shall be high-
strength, low-alloy steel, coated to afford corrosion protection in a marine
environment.

3.4.5 Securine to shaft. Sleeves, hubs, plates, and flanges shall be

secured to shafts or distance pieces by fitted bolts or shall be splined, shrunk,
or keyed, as applicable. Unless otherwise approved by the contracting activity,
retaining nuts shall be employed where such parts are splined or shrunk. Retain-
ing nuts shall be locked against turning. Nuts used on through bolts shall be of
the self -locking type.

3.4.5.1 Couulinp hubs. Wall thickness of coupling hubs shall be suf ficiertt
to prevent cracking or fracture under shrink fit, torque, bending moment, and
centrifugal and other loading imposed during normal operation of the coupling, and
allowing for the effects of keyways, splines, holes, or other features that
introduce stress concentrations.

3.4.6 Fasteners.

3.4.6.1 External boltin!z for casines. Fssteners for casings shall be in

accordance with table II.

3.4.6.2 Boltin!z for rotatin!z Darts and inte rnal faste rners. Fasteners, for
all rotating parts and internal fastemers shall be in accordance with table II
and shall conform to grade 5 or better of MIL-S-1222 (see 3.2). All fasteners
shall be locked in accordance with MIL-N -25027 and MIL-F- 18240.

3.4.6.3 Bolt holes, When couplings are nitrided or carburized, bolt hole
and adj scent areas shall not be case hardened to permit reaming at assembly.

3.4.6.4 Fasteners. weipht balance. Coupling bolts, nuts, and cap screws
shall be weight balanced to values given below for main reduction gear inter-
mediate couplings, couplings operating above 2200 revolutions per minute (r/rein),
and type V couplings.

SDeed. c1m in Balance. !zrams

o -to 1000 * 1.0

1000 to 2000 * 0.5
2000 to 3600 * 0.2
over 3600 * 0.1

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

3.4.6.5 Fastener sets. Bolts shall be furnished as sets, or for line shaft
couplings, and they may be sized for their respective holes and marked.

3.4.6.6 Fastener toraue. Installation torque limits and thread lubricant

requirements shall be established by the coupling contractor and specified in the
component drawings for all threaded fasteners. The lower limit of installation
torque shall be sufficient to prevent joint separation under the normal operating
loads and, when required (see 3.4. 10) , under shock. Where not otherwise speci -
fied:

(a) Combined stress in the fastener threads under the upper limit of
installation torque shall not exceed 75 percent of yield strength
of the bolt material.
(b) Compressive stress of load-bearing surfaces including washers at
the upper limit of installation torque shall not exceed 100
percent of ultimate compressive strength of the material.

3.4. 6.7 Corrosion Protection. Cadmium and zinc plating are prohibited.
Substitute with QQ-S-365, MIL-C-26074, or MIL-C-83488.

3.4.7 Flanees.

3.4. 7.1 Centering. Flange connections shall be provided with a rabbet for
centering, except for line- shaft couplings , which may use fitted bolts or dowels
in place of the rabbet fit. Rabbets shall be machined to achieve a loose
diametral fit not greater than 0.001 inch total or 0.001 inch per foot of
diameter, whichever is larger. Fitted bolts or dowels used in place of the rabbet
fit shall maintain equal or better concentricity at the locating diameter.

3 .4.7.2 ~g. Flanges for main gear intermediate couplings and

couplings operating above 2200 r/rein shall be counterbored to shroud bolt heads
and nuts.

3.4.8 ~. For all coupling types, when feasible, the construction

shall permit coupling removal or installation without removal of connected shafts.
Furthermore, removal of connected shaft for coupling removal or installation for
the following is prohibited: double reduction gear, main reduction gear, high-
speed pinions, main steam turbine rotors , gas turbine rotors , diesel engine crank
shafts, and electric motor armatures.

3.4.9 Use of aluminum allovs. Housing parts or guards ❑ay be made of

aluminum alloy in weight critical applications (see table II) , if approved by the
contracting activity.

3.4.9.1 Corrosion rm otection. In order to prevent deterioration due to

corrosion, bolts. nuts. studs. Dins. surines. screws. caD screws. and other
fastenings or fittings’ used wit~ al&i&n ~lloy parts shill be of a corrosion
resistant material, or of a material treated in a manner to render t resistant to

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

corrosion. Aluminum alloy parts shall be anodized in accordance with MIL-A-8625

or otherwise treated by a process that provides ac least equal protection against
corrosion. Contact between dissimilar aluminum alloys or dissimilar metals shall
be avoided as much as possible. Where assembly of dissimilar metals with aluminum
alloys is unavoidable, the alloys shall have the ir faying surf aces anodized.
Where threaded surfaces or faying surfaces may require disassembly in service, an’
antiseize compound in accordance with MIL-A-907 shall be used.

3.4.9.2 Fastener installation. Though bolting is preferred for the assembly

of aluminum alloy parts and is mandatory when the assemblies are highly stressed
or subject to vibrating loads (see 3.4.6. 7) . Where the use of cap screws, stud
bolts, or machine screws is necessary, parts shall be threaded into steel inserts
cast or screwed into the aluminum alloy. The steel inserts shall be pimed or
prick punched in such a manner to prevent their backing out. Cap screws, stud
bolts, and machine screws shall be steel with zinc plating. Copper alloys, such
as brass or bronze, shall not be used in threaded contact with aluminum alloys.

3.4.10 =. When high-impact shock design is required for parent equip-

ment (see 6.2), the same requirements shall apply for couplings. When high- impact
shock design is required, couplings shall meet the grade A, hull-mounted equipment
requirements as specified in MIL- S -901. Couplings shall be tested with parent “
equipment.

3.4.11 Balance. Balancing shall be in accordance with MIL-STD -167-1.

Coupling parts rotating at more than 150 r/rein shall be balanced dynamically.
Balance shall be accomplished by removal of metal. The addition of weights to
correct for unbalance after finish machining is not permitted. The permissible
amount of unbalance shall be subject to approval by the contracting activity
if specified (see 6.2) . Also, see 3 .4.6.4 for fastener weight balance and
3.4.6.5 for bolt sets.

3.4.11.1 Assemblv dvnamic balance. Distance-pieces with all integral parts

shall be dynamically balanced as a unit. Coupling elements which are mounted on
connected machinery (for example, sleeve and oil dam) shall be given a final
dynamic balance with the attached machinery assembly where possible.

3 .4.11.2 Low noise or vibration. When low noise or vibration requirements

are imposed for parent equipment or when in situ balancing is required for parent
equipment (see 6.2) , the parent equipment requirements shall also apply for
internal or connecting couplings (see 6.3 and appendix B) .

3.4.12 Weldirw brazin~. and allied Drocesses. Welding, brazing, and allied
processes shall conform to MIL-STD-278. Electron-beam welding procedures shall be
in accordance with SAE AMS 2680 for fatigue critical applications and SAE AMS
2681 for applications not covered by AMS 2680.

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

3.4.13 jlous
~~. n Housing (guards) shall be split to permit removal.
Flange jack bolts shall be provided for parts heavier than 35 pounds.

3.4.14 ~. Provision or arrangement shall be made for lifting coupling

parts which weigh more than 35 pounds.

3.4.15 Weieht. Weight of couplings shall be plus or minus 5 percent of the

weight specified on the drawings.

3.4.16 M~g.

3.4.16.1 Match marking. For dental coupling elements, meshing position of

internal and external teeth shall be clearly and permanently marked for the
engagement made at the 80 percent tooth contact check (see 3.5. 2.5) . Parts that
may affect balance if not reinstalled to the original position or are individually
fitted, shall be marked so that they may be reinstalled in their original posi-
tion.

3 .4.16.2 Part identification. Major coupling parts and subassemblies shall

be marked to indicate contract number, manufacturer, date manufactured, and
manufacturer’ s assembly or detail drawing number. Proprietary marking may be ‘
added at the discretion of the contractor. Other markings required by MIL-STD -130
shall also be applied to coupling parts and assembly.

3.4.16.3 Mark aDulication. Markings shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-

130 and shall be applied in an area of low stress. Depth of marking shall be not
greater than 0.020 inch.

3.5 TW e I dental couDlings lubricated bv oil circulation.

3.5.1 Construction (tree 1}. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , type I
couplings shall be of the double-engagement type and shall consist of sleeves with
internal &ear teeth which mesh with external gear teeth on the distance uiece.
Materials-for principal parts, tooth hardness; case hardening method, an~ minimum
case depth shall be as specified in table 1.

3.5.2 Dental couDlin~ teeth.

3.5.2.1 Tooth form. Teeth used for couplings shall be of the involute or
mo.dified involute form.

--3.5.2.2 ~~q , Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , dental couplings

shall be constructed with crowned faces on external teeth (face barrelled) . Tooth
crovn profile shall be a full radius with maximum crown height at midpoint of
tooth length. Crown radius shall be chosen to provide crown height necessary for
misalignment specified, but resulting Hertzian contact stress shall not exceed
limits specified in 3.4.3.1. Outer (tip) diameter of external teeth shall also be
crovned with a rocker projection to accommodate misalignment specified. Internal
teeth shall have straight faces and shall be longer than the external teeth.

3.5.2.3 Tooth finish. Dental tooth contacting surfaces shall have a maximum
surface finish of 32 roughness height rating (SHR)
,’

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

3.5.2.4 Tooth corners. Corners at ends of dental coupling teeth, which

might dig in when they slide, shall be chamfered or rounded off.

3.5.2.5 Tooth contact. Dental couplings shall be checked in an aligned

position to assure that at least 80 percent of the total number of teeth are in
contact or as specified in the contract or order (see 6.2).

3.5.2.6 Sleeve root diameter concentricity. For dental couplings used with
main reduction gear intermediate assemblies and for dental couplings operating
above 2200 r/rein, the root diameter of coupling sleeve teeth shall be concentric
with the locating rabbet diameter to within O.001 inch total or O.001 inch per
foot of diameter, whichever is larger.

3.5.2.7 Hub tooth concentr icity. For dental couplings where hubs are
secured to comected shaft and are used with main reduction gear intermediate
assemblies and for dental couplings operating above 2200 r/rein, the outside
diameter of the hub teeth shall be concentric with the locating diameter in the
bore of the hub to within 0.001 inch total or 0.001 inch per fo~t of diameter,
whichever is larger.

3.5.2.8 Fore and aft movement. Provision shall be made to restrict the fo”re
and aft movement of the floating members of dental tooth couplings to that
I required for necessary working clearance. Lubricant dams or seals shall not be
utilized for this purpose.
I
3.5.2.9 Mechanical constraints. Mechanical constraints which would cause
I cocking of the face -barrelled element tending to displace the contact from the
center of the barrel face shall be avoided.

3.5.2.10 Wear mar~in. Toothed couplings shall be constructed so that

replacement due to wear is not required until backlash is at least equal to design
backlash plus 20 percent of the male tooth design chordal tooth thickness for
through-hardened teeth, and desi~n backlash Plus 50 percent of case thickness for
surface -hardened teeth.

3.5.2.11 Slidine velocity. Sliding velocity of coupling teeth under maximum

cent inuous misalignment shall not exceed 2.5 inches per second.

3.5.3 Lubrication.

3.5.3.1 Lubrication method. Type I dental coupling teeth shall be con-

tinuously lubricated by means of spraya or jets. If oil sprays or jets are
removable, the design shall provide for one-way installation to ensure proper
alignment.

3.5. 3.2 Lubricating oil. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , lubricating
oil for the coupling shall be supplied from the lubricating oil system of the
propulsion gear or the driver element and shall conform to the following:

(a) Symbol 2190 TEP, MIL-L- 17331, when driver element is a gas turbine,
a steam turbine, or an electric ❑otor.
(b) NATO code O-278, MIL-L-9000, when driver element is a diesel
engine.

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

3.5.3.3 oil dams . Oil dams shall be incorporated to keep the coupling teeth
totally submerged in oil during operation. Dams attached by fasteners shall be
centered on the coupling by a rabbet. Cap screws used to secure the dam to the
sleeve shall be of the self-locking type. Tab- type lock washers or staking of
fasteners shall not be used. Oil dams shall not serve as bumpers or to limit
axial float (see 3.5.2.8).

3.5.3.4 Oil flow and slud~e. Provisions shall be made for flow of oil
across full length of teeth to flush out contaminants and prevent sludge buildup
from centrifugal action at the outside diameter of the teeth.

3.5.3.5 Blockaee of oi~. Provision shall be made to prevent blockage of

inlet oil and covering of sludge-removal holes, over the full range of fore and
aft movement of the floating member (see 3.5. 2.8) .

3.5.3.6 Lubrication drain holes. Tapered pipe threads are not permitted for
use in lubrication drain holes. Lubrication drain hole plugs shall be provided
with a positive locking feature.

3.5.4 Housinfz (Euards }. Couplings lubricated by oil sprays or jets shall be

enclosed in oil tight guards, with provisions made for oil drainage. Housing or “
guard materials shall be in accordance with 3.2, table II. For couplings used to
connect engine or turbine shafts to pinion shafts, the guards shall terminate in
flanged connections for bolting to the engine or turbine and gear housings. Such
guards shall also be split horizontally and provided with a circumferential packed
slip- joint to permit axial displacement.

3.6 l%ue II dental couulin~. self-contained (erease) lubricant.

3.6.1 Construction (tvue 11)-. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , type II
couplings shall be of the double-engagement type and shall consist of sleeves with
internal gears which mesh with external gear teeth on the hub.

3.6.1.1 — Class 1 . The type II, class 1 coupling may be a commercial (off-
shelf) design or a special design for the application. Coupling teeth shall be of
the involute or modified involute form and coupling design shall include provision
to restrict fore and aft movement of floating member to that required for working
clearance. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , tooth hardness shall be not
less than, 160 Bhn (see table I) and tooth surface finish shall be not greater
than 64 RHR.

3.6.1.2 Class 2. The type-11, class 2 coupling shall meet all the require-
ments specified in 3 .5.2 through 3.5.2.11, and tooth hardness shall be not less
than 275 Bbn . Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , coupling teeth may be either
through-hardened surface-hardened and the material and case thickness require-
ments specified in table I for type I couplings shall apply.

3.6.2 Lubricant. Lubricant shall be a grease in accordance with DOD-G-

24508. Use of proprietary greases is prohibited.

3.6.3 u. Grease retention seals shall be of the split type if disas-

sembly or removal of connected machinery would be required for replacement of one-
1 piece seals. Seals shall not serve as bumpers or to limit axial float.

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

3.7 ~g.

3.7.1 ~ e 111~. Type III couplings shall be arranged for

single- or double-engagement as specified (see 6 .2). For double -engagement
couplings, the forward and after disc stacks shall be comected by a forged center
member or distance piece. Materials of principal parts shall be as specified in
table 1.

3.7.1.1 w. Each laminated disc assembly shall consist of one or more

stacks of corrosion-resistant steel discs mounted between flanges.

3.7.1.2 .securinrzof discs. Disc stacks consisting of loose discs shall be

secured to flanges by fitted bolts. Disc stacks using a pilot ring shall be
secured to flanges by through bolts and nuts . Nuts used on coupling bolts shall
be a self-locking type.

3.8 Tw e IV nonma Enetic . noise-attenuation couuling.

3.8.1 Arraruzement. Type IV coupling assemblies shall consist of either, or

a combination of, high-misalignment dental coupling elements and elastomer torque
transmitting elements , whichever is specified (see 6.2) Type IV coupling
assemblies are intended for use in noise-attenuated propulsion and auxiliary
systems where low magnetic permeability is required.

3.8.2 Materials. The magnetic permeability (relative to air) of the

coupling assembly shall not exceed 2.0. Each portion of the coupling shall be of
nonmagnetic material, except for steel inserts that may be required to improve
wear resistance in dental tooth, or other critical regions. The projected outline
of such magnetic material shall be made as small as possible consistent with life
and reliability. Materials shall be as specified in tables I and II.

3.8.3 ~y. Couplings shall transmit 200 percent of rated

torque at the maximum misalignment condition for a period of 1 minute for each
such application (see 4.6.4) , without adverse effect on coupling operation or
life.

3.8.4 Dental couuline elements. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) ,

dental couplings shall be of the double-engagement type. Tooth construction shall
meet all requirements for type I couplings specified in 3.5.2 through 3.5.2.11.

3.8.4.1 Lubrication. - Dental tooth inserts shall be designed for either

circulating oil lubrication or for self-contained grease lubrication, whichever is
specified (see 6.2) . Where lubrication by oil circulation is specified, the
lubrication requirements of type I couplings (see 3.5.3 through 3.5.3.6) shall
apply. Where self -contained grease lubrication is specified, lubricant and seal
requirements of type II couplings (see 3.6.2 and 3.6.3) shall apply.

3.8.4.2 Connections Flanged connections or straight or tapered bored hubs

shall be provided for connections to driving and driven machinery.

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

3.8.5 Noise-attenuation elastomer elements.

3.8.5.1 Noise oath. Elastomer elements shall be arranged to prevent any

direct metal-to-metal noise path betveen input and output ends. The elastomer
shall be located so as to allow removal of generated heat by normal air circula-
tion inside coupling housing.

3.8.5.2 Inert to lubricant. Elastomer elements shall not be affected by

direct and prolonged contact with mineral oil and grease.

3.8.5.3 Elastomer element arran~ement. Elastomer elements may be arranged

for normal loading in either compression or shear, or combination thereof. The
elements shall not allow appreciable sag of the supported coupling portions which
would cause dynamic unbalance. Provision shall be made for positive mechanical
drive in the event of failure of the elastomer elements or excessive torque
overload.

3.9 Tvue V line-shaft noise-attenuation couulin~ assembly.

3.9.1 Arrangement. The type V coupling assembly shall consist of one of

the following as specified (see 6 .2):

(a) A double-engagement dental tooth coupling in series with an elas-

tomer, noise-attenuation coupling
(b) A single- or double-engagement diaphragm coupling in series with
an elastomer, noise-attenuation coupling
(c) A double-engagement elastomer, noise-attenuation coupling.

3.9.2 General.

3.9.2.1 Desire toraue. The coupling shall have the same overload and speed
requirements as the propulsion system gearing. Unless otherwise specified (see
6.2) , the rated design torque shall be 125 percent of full power torque.

3.9.2.2 Misalimm ents. The values of normal, maximum continuous, and

maximum transient misalignments that the coupling assembly must accommodate in
service shall be specified (see 6.2) based on consideration of the additive
effects of the following factors where applicable:

(a) Installation tolerances of che resiliently mo-unted propulsion

machinery sub-base.
(b) Static shaft deflections at the connections to the driver and
driven equipment.
(c) Lang-term drift (sag) of the resilient mounts.
(d) Long- term bearing wear down.
(e) Translator and angular displacements of resiliently mounted equip-
ment relative to solidly chocked equipment due to:

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

(1) Hull deflections caused by variations in seawater temperature

and pressure.
(2) Thermal expansions of connected equipment.
(3) Torque loading.
(4) Propulsion turbine vacuum conditions.
(5) Trim, list, roll, and pitch motions of ship (see 3.13 .1).

(f) Shock (for msximum transient misalignment only).

3.9. 2.3 Axial displacement. The range of relative axial displacement

between the resiliently mounted and solidly chocked equipment that the coupling
assembly must accommodate in service shall be specified (see 6. 2) . Coupling
assembly shall be designed for continuous operation anyvhere within this range of
axial displacement over its operating life.

3.9 .2.3.1 Mechanical stoDs. Mechanical stops or other such provisions may
be used to protect the flexible elements of the coupling in the event that axial
displacements in service exceed the design range of the coupling (see 3.9.2.3) .
Such provisions shall be designed to meet the high- impact shock requirements
specified for the parent equipment and to withstand all other loading that they .
may experience in senice.

3.9.2.4 Oueratine life. Unless otherwise specified (see 6 .2) , coupling

assembly shall have the operating life in hours stipulated for propulsion cou-
plings in 3.3.4.1 and shall operate at rated design torque during full-power hours
under:

(a) Maximum transient misalignment for number of occurrences and

duration of each occurrence specified (see 6.2).
(b) Maximum continuous misalignment for number of hours specified
(see 6.2).
(c) Normal misalignment for balance of full-power hours.

3.9.2.5 Static stiffness. The torsional and axial static stiffnesses of

complete coupling assembly (comprising diaphragms, quill shaft, and elastomer
elements) , as well as the bending (or flexural) static stiffnesses of the
individual diaphragm and elastomer coupling elements, shall not exceed the values
specified in the ordering document (see 6.2)

3.9.2 .5.1 Vibratorv resuonse. The design OE the coupling assembly shall be
integrated closely with that of the propulsion machinery system and the coupling
shall serve to block or attenuste the transmission or vibratory forces at turbine.
frequencies, gear mesh frequencies, and harmonics thereof. In addition, the
design of the coupling shall strive for low axial (fore and aft) and torsional
elastic spring constants, consistent with coupling life and reliability, in order
to ❑inimize system vibration response at propeller blade passing frequencies.

3.9.2.6 Flarwe connections. Flange connections shall be provided with a

rabbet or fitted bolts for centering. Shrouding is not required for bolt heads
and nuts.
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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

3.9.2.1 Balancing. Balancing shall be the best obtainable using manuf ac -

turer’s facilities. Unbalance shall be not greater than specified on approved
draw fngs.

3.9.2.8 Couuline distance -Diece desi~. Coupling distance-piece (quill

shaft) design shall be as specified in appendix E.

3.9.2.9 Housing. Housing shall connect betveen mounted equipment and

nearest after solidly chocked member. Connection of housing to solidly chocked
member shall be desimed to avoid a sound short. Housing-. design shall have
provision to permit relative motions between mounted equipment and solidly chocked
member.

3.9.2 .9.1 oil draina~e. When coupling assembly includes members lubricated
by oil sprays or jets, the housing shall be oiltight and shall include provisions
for oil drainage.

3.9.2 .9.2 Port covers. When required (see 6.2) , covers or guards shall be
constructed so that elastomer elements and lubrication sprays (or jets) can be
sighted to determine condition. Port covers (removed for sighting) which are
secured to cover (or guard) by cap screw or bolts, shall be oiltight. Cover boits
shall be secured to prevent unauthorized removal in accordance with MIL-G -17859.

3.9.2 .9.3 Accessibility. When specified (see 6.2) , sprays (or jets) which
supply oil to couplings shall be cleaned without lifting guards or covers. If oil
sprays (or jets) are removable, the design shall provide for one-way installation
to ensure proper alignment of nozzle or jets.

3.9.2.10 Dimension and arrangement. Dimension and arrangement requirements

shall be not greater than those specified (see 6.2)

3.9.2.11 Disassemble. Where possible, the coupling shall be constructed to

permit removal without disturbing connecting shafting.

3.9.3 Dental tooth couDling. Dental tooth couplings used in type V coupling
assemblies shall meet all materials, dental tooth design, and lubrication require-
ments of type I, class 5 couplings (see table 1, and 3.5.2 through 3.5.3 .6)

3.9.3.1 Retaining ri n~s and bolts Bolted-on retainer rings or other

elements used to limit fore and aft travel of floating member shall meet the high-
impact shock requirement specified for the parent equipment (see 6.2). In
addi tion, such motion-limiting elements shall withstand the following loads
without fatigue failure:

(a) Unlimited impacts by the floating member under continuous misalign-

ment. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , a relative velocity

I (b)
at impact of 1 inch per second shall be assumed.
Other cyclic loading imposed by the floating member when it is
forced against the stop as a result of hull compression, ship
angle, thrust forces transmitted from the main propulsion shafc-
ing, and other such conditions of operation. Calculations shall
1 be made for operation at up to maximum design torque (see 3.9.2.1)

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

and maximum continuous misalignment. Information required by

contractor for this analysis, including the range of values of
friction coefficient in the dental-tooth coupling meshes that must
be allowed for in the calculations and the sequence of application
of the factors that contribute to the loading, shall be as
specified (see 6.2) .

3.9.4 Pi ar.hramn couuling. Diaphragm couplings used in type V coupling

assemblies shall meet all requirements of type VI couplings (see 3.10.2 through
3.10.7).

3.9.4.1 Backup drive Drovision. Posit ive mechanical drive in event of any
failure of a diaphragm element (see 3.10.4) shall be by means of dental teeth with
sufficient backlash to prevent tooth engagement during normal operation of the
diaphragm coupling.

3.9.4 .1.1 Cauabilitv. The dental teeth of the backup drive shall transmit
rated design torque under maximum transient misalignment following any failure of
a diaphragm element. The subsequent operational capability of the dental teeth,
including operating hours and allowable torque under maximum continuous misalign-
ment shall be specified (see 6.2) . The tooth design requirements in 3 .5.2 through
3.5.2.11 shall apply. Elements used to limit fore-and-aft motions between the
mating members of backup dental couplings shall meet the requirements of 3.9.3.1.

I
3.9.4 .1.2 Lubrication. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , lubrication of
dental teeth shall be by oil spray or jet and the lubrication requirements
specified in 3.5.3 through 3.5. 3.6 shall apply.

3.9.4.1, 3 Indication of eneaeement. Provision shall be made to indicate

when the load shifts from the diaphragm to the backup dental coupling.

3.9.4.2 Diauhramn and backup drive analysis. Contractor shall make, in

addition to che other items required in 3 .&.3.1 and 3.&.3 .2, computations of
torque, bending moment, reaction forces, tensile stresses, diaphragm shear
stresses, thermal gradient stresses, tooth compressive stresses, relative sliding
velocities between mating teeth, frictional heat input to the coupling teeth, and
oil cooling flow requirements if applicable (see 6.3 and appendix A) . Stresses in
the distance-piece shall be computed for both the dental backup coupling teeth
engaged and non-engaged conditions Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , the
coefficient of friction shall be assumed to average O.38 for lockup condition and .
0.25 for sliding condition. Lockup assumes no relative sliding motion to occur
between mating teeth of hub and sleeve= Distribution of load between coupling
teeth assumed in the calculations shall be defined.

3.9.5 Elastomer noise-attenuation couuling. The elastomer coupling shall

prevent any direct metal- to-metal noise path between input and output ends. The
coupling shall be constructed to transmit not less than 150 percent of the rated
design torque without shorting out any of the elastomer elements or causiruz.,.toraue
to b: transmitted by metal-to-metal contact.

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

3.9.5.1 ~lastomer elements. The elastomer elements shall be arranged for

normal loading in either compression or shear or a combination thereof. The
elements shall not allow appreciable sag of the supported coupling portions which
would cause dynamic unbalance. “As-cured” properties of the elastomer used shall
be determined by test (see 4.6.9) .

3.9 .5.1.1 Inert to lubricant. Elastomer element shall not be affected by

direct and prolonged contact with mineral oil or grease. Elastomers that are
inherently oil resistant are preferred. Natural rubber may be proposed for use in
installations where rubber elements are remote and separated by oiltight seals
from oil sprays or jets, and all exposed rubber surfaces protected by an oil-
resistant coating (see table I for approval requirements) .

3.9.5 .1.2 ~. Elastomer elements shall provide for removal of

heat generated in the coupling by normal ventilation inside the coupling housing.

3.9.5.2 Backup drive. Provision shall be made for positive mechanical drive
in the event of any failure or excessive deflection of an elastomer element. The
drive shall engage automatically in the event of any elastomer element failure and
shall transmit the rated design torque under maximum transient misalignment. The
subsequent capability of the backup drive shall be as specified (see 6 .2)

3.9. 5.2.1 Indication of engagement. Provision shall be made to indicate

when the backup drive has been engaged.

3.9.5.3 Solidification. Provision shall be ❑ade to permit operation with a

solid comection between driver and driven elements (solidification) in lieu of
connection through the noise attenuating elastomer elements. Unless otherwise
specified (see 6.2) , the design of the coupling shall permit on- site installation
of the solidification hardware. Instructions for on-site installation of this
hardware shall be prepared by the coupling contractor.

3.9.5 .3.1 Solidification requirements Solidification of the elastomer

elements of a type V coupling assembly shall not reduce operating life (see 3 .3.4
and 3.3.4.1) and design torque capability (see 3.9.2. 1) Solidification shall not
reduce misalignment capability (see 3.9.2. 2) when elastomer elements are used in
series with double-engagement dental coupling (arrangement (a) of 3 .9.1) When
elastomer elements are in series with a single- or double-engagement diaphragm
coupling (arrangement (b) of 3.9. 1) or when assembly consists of a double-engage-
ment elastomer coupling (arrangement (c) of 3.9. 1), the allowable reduction in
misalignment capability shall be as specified (see 6.2) .

3.9.5 .3.2 ~. Acquisition of solidification hardware

is a special requirement. Coupling contractor shall furnish such hardware with
the couulin~ only if specified (see 6.2) , and in the quantities reauired therein.
I The act~vit~ responsible for review and approval of the procedure fir on-site
solidification shall be as specified (see 6.2) .

3.10 Me VI diaDhram couuling.

3.10.1 Arrarwement. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , type VI couplings

shall be of double-engagement type and shall consist of hubs mounted on a distance
piece and attached through flexible diaphragms to flanged connections in the
parent equipment shafts.

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

3.10.2 Diauhraams. Each flexible diaphragm assembly shall comprise either a

single diaphragm, or diaphragms in series, or multiple diaphragms in parallel
(diaphragm pack) . The profile of the individual diaphragms may be straight or
convoluted and the thickness of each diaphragm may be constant, or contoured to
equalize stress. Diaphragms shall be made of corrosion-resistant ❑aterial or
protected by means of a corrosion-resistant coating. Diaphragm material and
hardness, as well as composition and application procedure for any coating used,
must be approved by the contracting activity (see table I) .

3.10.3 Securin~ of conmonant uarts. Misalignment and relative motions

betveen the flan~ed connections to the c.arent eauiument
. . shall be accommodated bv
deflections of tie diaphragms. All joints between distance piece, hubs, diaphrag-
ms , and parent equipment or adaptor flanges shall be configured so as to prevent
relative motions at the joints. The hubs and distance piece shall be integral
-. -.
(single forging or by welding), or connected by means of a fixed apline or fitted
I bolts . Connection between series-mounted diaphragms shall be by welding between
end rings, or by fitted bolts. Attachment of- the-diaphragm end- ring or-of the
diaphragm pack to the adaptor piece or to the parent equipment flange shall be by
means of fitted bolts. All fitted bolts and self-locking nuts shall be in
accordance with table 11. Fastener heads and nuts shall be in countersunk holes
or channels. Nuts, cap screws and studs shall have self- locking provisions. COr -
rosion-resistant shims may be used to adjust axial location of the coupling.

3.10.3.1 Retention of self -lockinz nuts. When coupling connection is to

turbine, engine, generator, or reduction gear, fastening shall be accomplished so
that if sel~- locking nuts fail, the nuts ~nd bolts are &+ptured by means of
shields, snap rings, or similar devices CO prevent falling off.

3.10.4 Backuu drive. A positive, mechanical drive which shall be normally

non-engaged, shall engage automatically to continue to transmit the drive torque
in the event of a diaphragm failure. This backup drive shall be provided for
diaphragm couplings used in type V coupling assemblies (see 3.9.4) . For other
diaphragm coupling assemblies, the backup drive is required only when specified
(see 6.2) , which shall set forth also the life, torque, speed, and misalignment
capabilities of the backup drive.

3.10.5 Diauhramn wards. The inboard face of each diaphragm assembly shall
be protected by a piloted, radial diaphragm guard which shall also serve as a
catcher in event of a diaphragm failure.

3.10.6 Dr.aina~e. Drainage holes shall be provided at the periphery of the

coupling assembly (at each end for a double-engagement coupling) to remove -trapped
fluids .

3.10.7 Natural frequencies. Where practical, the axial natural frequencies

of the coupling shall not fall between 80 percent and 120 percent of any of the
following:

(a) Any speed and two times any speed within the range from minimum to
full power r/rein.
(b) Any other speed or exciting frequency specified in the contract or
order (see 6.2).

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

When this criterion is not met, coupling contractor shall incorporate damping
provisions to minimize vibratory motions of the diaphragms, and shall calculate
~
the diaphragm vibratory stresses

3.11 ~~.

3.11.1 ~. Type VII couplings shall be arranged for

1 single- or double-engagement as specified (see 6.2) For double -engagement
1
coupling, the forward and after flexible elements shall be connecte~ ~y a forged
center ring or distance piece.

3.11 .1.1 Elastomer flexible members. Coupling shall utilize elastomer

members in compression to effect a flexible connection for toraue transmission
between driver” and driven shafts. TWO types of elastomer flexible members are
specified in 3.11.1.2 and 3.11.1.3. Others may be proposed by coupling contractor
for approval by contracting activity
I
I 3.11 .1.2 Elastomer block -twe. The elastomer block-type coupling shall
transmit torque between driver and driven members through elastomer blocks
inserted with precompression in individual cavities formed by external steel
blades of the hub of one member, internal steel blades of the sleeve of the second
member, and two steel end closures. Multiple blocks shall be used, equally spaced
1 in a circle around the axis of rotation.

3.11.1.3 Elastomer bushin!z-tvpe. The elastomer bushing- type coupling shall

transmit torque between driver and driven members through hollow flexible bushings
mounted at their inside diameters on pins in the hub of one member, and retained
at their outside diameters under compression in sockets in the flange or sleeve of
the second member. Each bushing may consist of a single elastomer annulus , or may
be made up of alternating steel and elastomer annuli bonded together. Multiple
bushings shall be distributed symmetrically around the axis of rotation.

3.11.2 Inert to lubricants. The elastomer elements shall not be affected by

direct and prolonged contact with mineral oil or grease.

3.11.3 Heat dissipation. The elastomer elements shall be designed to

provide for removal of the heat generated in the coupling by normal ~entilation
inside the coupling housing.

3.12 Twe VIII connect or disconnect dental couDling.

3.12.1 Construction (cwe VIII>. Type VIII couplings shall be arranged for
single- or double-engagement as specified (see 6.2) and shall consist of external-
ly toothed hubs and internally toothed sleeves which may be mechanically engaged
and disengaged. One or both of the mating members of the mesh shall be able to
move axially into the engaged or disengaged positions. Provision shall be made in
the construction of the coupling to retain the members in the appropriate position
(engaged or disengaged) during operation. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) ,
type VIII couplings shall meet all the dental tooth, lubrication, and housing
requirements of type I couplings (see 3.5.2 through 3.5.4) . Hub and sleeve
material, as well as tooth hardness, case hardening method, and minimum case depth
shall be designated by class number (1 through 5) , in the same manner as for type
I couplings (see table I)

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

3.12.2 Disassembly. Construction shall be such that dental couplings can be

disassembled without removing the connected shafts.

3.12.3 Disconnect. When required (see 6.2) , couplings shall be constructed

~
so that one coupling may be disconnected and operation resumed on remaining
shafts. Target time required for disconnect is 15 ❑ inutes (see 6.3 and appendix
c)

3.12. k Locking device. When a disconnect coupling is required for a turbine

drive, the contractor shall also furnish a device to lock the driving turbine as
specified (see 6.2) . Holding capacity of locking device shall be not less than
10 percent of turbine full power torque.

3.12.5 Housine r.orts. When constructed for a disconnect type coupling,

housings shall be provided with access ports which permit use of both hands to
manually disconnect the coupling and provide for simultaneous sight ing of the
work. Port covers shall be oil tight when secured.

3.13 Environment.

3.13.1 Trim. list. roll. and uitch. Couplings shall operate satisfactorily
when the ship in which they are installed is operating in the condition shown in
table III or as specified (see 6.2) Trim and list or roll and pitch can occur
simul taneouslv. Pitch and roll time cvcle data shall be recorded when the Ditch
and roll angl~s specified exceed those” listed in table III.

TAME III. Trim. list. roll. and pitch.

Surface ships Submarines

Condition (degrees) (degrees)

Permanent trim, down bow or stern 5 30

Permanent list, port or starboard 15 15
Roll, port or starboard from even keel 45 60
Pitch, up or down from normal waterline 10 10

3.13.2 Lubricating oil temperature. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) ,

oil inlet temperature to coupling under normal operating conditions shall be
between 110 and 130 degrees Fahrenheit (“F) . However, couplings shall be designed
for start-up and unrestricted operation with oil inlet temperature as low as 90”F.
Maximum rise between oil inlet and oil discharge temperatures from coupling shall
be not greater than 50”F.

I 3.13.3 Ambient conditions Depending on the ship type, ambient engineering

space temperature will range up to 150” F. Under emergency conditions, (space
abandoned) temperature may rise above 200” F until heat producing equipment can be
shut down .

3.13.4 Atmospheric conditions. Couplings shall operate in an environment

where the air will be salt laden (saltwater atmosphere) and humidity will be at or
near the saturation point for long periods of time.

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

3.14 5Decial tools and eauipment. Special tools and equipment as defined
herein shall be furnished as specified (see 6.2) . Special tools and equipment are
defined as those items not listed in the Federal Supply Catalog (copies of this
I
catalog msy be consulted in the office of the Defense Contract Management Area
operations (DCMAO) ) and not normally carried on board the applicable ship.
~
3.15 Variations.
I
I 3.15.1 Ea uivment variations. Couplings which do not conform to contractual
requirements shall be processed regarding acceptance or rejection in accordance
with contract provisions. Other variations not covered by contractual require-
ments, which result in conforming equipment but with parts which deviate from

I
drawings or specifications, shall be processed in accordance with 3 .15.1.1 (see
6.3 and appendix B) .

I 3 .15.1.1 Exceptions to specifications or drawines. Exceptions to specific-

ations or drawings shall be subject to review and approval by the contracting
activity.

3 .15.2 Conditions for acceptance. Conditions for acceptance shall be as ,

follows :

(a) The parts which deviate from drawings or specifications maintain

specified safety factors and do not affect operations, equipment
life and safety of personnel or equipment.
(b) Cost of replacement is not economically justified.
(c) For variations which result in nonstandard repair parts, twice the
normal quantity of spares is provided by the contractor.
(d) Machinery variation drawings are provided by the contractor.

3.16 Workmanship. Parts shall be free of burrs, sharp edges, and damage
that could make the part unsatisfactory for the purpose intended. Threaded parts
and fasteners shall show no evidence of cross -threading, ❑utilation or burrs.
Fasteners shall be torqued to prescribed limits (see 3.4.6 .6)

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS

4.1 Resuonsibilitv for inspection. Unless otherwise specified in the

contract or purchase order, the contractor is responsible for the performance of
all inspection requirements (examinations and tests) as specified herein. Except
as otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the contractor may use
his own or any other facilities suitable for the performance of the inspection
requirements specified herein, unless disapproved by the Government. The Govern-
ment reserves the right to perform any of the inspections set forth in this
specification where such inspections are deemed necessary to ensure supplies and
services conform to prescribed requirements.

4.1.1 Re.wonsibilitv for compliance. All items shall meet all requirements
of sections 3 and 5. The inspection set forth in this specification shall become
a part of the contractor’s overall inspection system (see 6.3) , or quality
program. The absence of any inspection requirements in the specification shall
not relieve the contractor of the responsibility of ensuring that all products or
supplies submitted to the Government for acceptance comply with all requirements
of the contract. Sampling inspection, as part of the manufacturing operations , is

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

an acceptable prac tice to ascertain conformance to requirements, however, this

I does not authorize submission of known defective material, either indicated or
actual, not does it commit the Government to accept defective material.

4.1.2 Mercury Use of mercury is prohibited for shipboard inspections,

examinations, or tests of equipment (see 3.2.3. 1) .

4.2 Classification of inspections. The inspection requirements specified

herein are classified as follows: (a) First article inspection (see 4.3)
(b) Quality conformance inspection (see 4.4) .

4.3 First article inspection. First article inspection shall consist of

applicable examinations and tests designated in table IV for the type (and CltISS
when applicable ) coupling.

TAELE IV. Examinations and tests

Quality
Examination or test Requirement ~irst article conformance
inspection inspection

Workmanship ).16 4.5.1 4.5.1

Material inspection ).2 through 3.2.7 4.5.2 4.5.2
Welding, brazing, and allied ).4.12 4.5.3 4.5.3
processes
Castings ).2.6 4.5.6 4.5.4
Critical fits ).4.7.1, 3.5.2.2, 4.5.5 4.5.5
3.5.2.6, and
3.5.2.7
Tooth finish 1.5.2.3 4.5.6 4.5.6
Weight 1.4.15 4.5.7
Tooth contact ).5.2.5 4.5.8 4.5.8
Magnetic permeability ).8.2 4.5.9
Surface defects 1.2.4 4.6.1 through 4.6.1 through
4.6.1.2 4.6. 1.2
Tooth hardness
Through hardened table I 4.6.1.3 4.6.1.3
Type II, class 1 table I 4.6.1.4 4.6.1.4
Case hardened table I 4.6.1.5 4.6.1.5
Shock ).4.10 4.6.2
@amic balance ).4.11 4.6.3 4.6.3
Static (type IV) }.8.3 4.6.4
Special tools and lifting geal ).14 4.6.6
Special features (type VIII) 1.12.3 and 3.12.4 4.6.7
Solidification (type V) ).9.5.3 4.6.8
Elastomer properties (type V) ).9.5.1 4.6.9

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

6.6 gualitv conformance inspection. Quality conformance inspection shall be

performed on all coupling assemblies and parts, and shall consist of applicable
examinations and tests specified in table IV (see 6.3) .

4.5 Examinations.

4.5.1 General. Parts shall be examined to determine conformance to 3.16.

4.5.2 Materials inspection. Materials inspection shall consist of

certification supported by verifying data that the materials listed in table 1,
used in fabricating the couplings specified herein, are in accordance with the
applicable referenced specifications Or requirements prior to such fabrication.
Where substitute materials have been approved, inspection requirements of the
applicable specification for the substitute material shall apply (see 6.8)
Inspection of materials for parts not specified herein shall be to the manufac-
turer’s specification or standard even though identification by Government or
technical society specification is required. Unless otherwise specified in the
contract or order (see 6.2) , tensile strength, yield point, elongation, reduction
of area, and bend tests are required for coupling forgings, except type 11, class
1.

6.5.3 Weldine. brazinp and allied orocesses. Examinations and test

procedures for welding,
-. brazinE,
-. and allied processes shall conform to
I iiIL-sTD-278.

4. 5.6 castings. Castings shall be inspected in accordance with MIL-STD -278.

4.5.5 Critical fits. Critical fits shall be measured to ensure satisfactory

installation.

4.5.6 Rouehness heieht ratinp (RHR1. Hub and sleeve tooth surfaces shall be
inspected in accordance with ANSI B46. 1 to ensure that they conform to tooth
finish specifications.

4.5.7 Wai~ht. The first article shall be weighed and actual weight recorded
on assembly drawing. Any change of weight or center of gravity which produces
more than a 5 percent increase in weight or change of center of gravity determined
during design stage shall be reported to the contracting activity as soon as it is
known to the contractor.

4.5.8 ~. Dental type couplings shall be checked for tooth

contact to.determine conformance to the requirements specified in 3.5.2.5. Unless .
otherwise specified (see 6.2) , this test may be waived for type 11, class 1
couplings.

4.5.9 Maenetic uermeabilitv. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , magnetic

permeability of type IV coupling assembly shall be measured on the first article
to verify conformance to 3.8.2 (see 6.3 and appendix C)

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

4.6.1 Nondestructive tests of metals

4.6.1.1 Ultrasonic tests. Forgings for coupling sleeves, hubs, diaphragms,

discs, and shafts shall be ultrasonic tested in accordance with MIL-STD -271.
Test ing shall be in both radial and longitudinal directions using either a shear
or longitudinal wave depending on the geometry of the forging. NAVSSA approved
specific standards of acceptance shall be established by the contractor. Unless
otherwise specified (see 6.2) , this test may be waived for type 11, class 1
couplings.

4.6.1.2 Mametic r.article or liauid Denetrant tests. Dental coupling teeth

and all coupling shafts shall be inspected by the magnetic particle or liquid
penetrant methods in accordance with MIL-STD-271. The inspection shall be ❑ade at
the completion of all finishing operation and shall cover 100 percent of the
surface of the parts . The magnetic particle method is preferred for magnetic
materials. The liquid penetrant method shall be used for non-magnetic material.
NAVSEA approved acceptance standards shall be established by the-contractor.
Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , this test may be waived for type II, class 1
couplings.

4.6.1 .2.1 Welded diauhra~m connections. When elements of a diaphragm

coupling are joined by welding, all such welds shall be 100 percent inspected for
absence of flaws, cracks, or porosity, both ultrasonically and by the liquid
penetrant method, in accordance with MIL-STD-271. The inspection shall be made
after completion of all finishing operations. NAVS SA approved acceptance
standards shall be established by the contractor.

4.6.1 .2.2 Residual maenetism. Residual magnetism of magnetic parts after

finish machining and demagnetization following magnetic particle inspection shall
be not greater than 10 gauss.

6.6.1.3 Tooth hardness. throuph hardened material. Tooth hardness shall be

determined on the finished blank after heat treatment but before machining teeth.
At least three readinm shall be taken on each end face of blank, equally spaced
circumferentially. R~adings shall be taken below root diameter when bla~k is for
coupling hub and above root diameter when blank is for coupling sleeve.

4.6.1.4 Tooth hardness. tvue II class 1 couulines. Tooth hardness of type

II class 1 couplings may be determined by the contractor’s method in lieu of
&.6. 1.3, but shall not cause damage or upset ❑etal in teeth. Requirements of
&.6.l.3 shall apply to type II, class 2 couplings.

4. 6.1.5 Tooth hardness . case hardened material. Tooth hardness of case

hardened couplings shall be determined as specified in 4.6.1 .5.1 and 4.6.1 .5.2
(see 6.3 and appendix C)

4.6.1 .5,1 Surface hardness and case deuth. Tooth surface hardness and case
depth shall be determined from a coupon piece or lug obtained from the same heat
and lot as the actual coupling part. The coupon piece or lug shall have been

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

processed together with the coupling part through the complete heat- treat cycle.
Determination of tooth surface hardness and case depth shall take account of
effects of final machining or other processes used to achieve the final tooth
profile in the case hardened regions. No hardness measurements shall be taken on
active surfaces of teeth.

4 .6.1.5.2 Core hardness. Core hardness shall be determined on the actual

coupling part. Readings shall be taken by contractor’s method but shall not
damage or upset metal in coupling teeth.

4.6.2 Shock test. A type A shock test in accordance with MIL- S-901 shall be
conducted when required for parent equipment as specified in 3.4.10. During shock
test, couplings shall be tested with parent equipment and shall be mounted in
normal operating position (see 6.2) . For examination and failure to pass examina-
tion, see 4.6.5.

I 4.6.3 Dynamic test. Couplings shall be tested with associated reduction

gear, engine, or turbine to the same extent as required for the parent equipment
or as specified (see 6,2) . Type V couplings shall be tested at maximum misalign-
ment permissible for continuous operation (see 3.9. 2.2) During the dynamic test,
a check shall be made of the couplings for the following:

(a) Quiet running.

(b) Freedom from vibration.
(c) Wearing of parts.
(d) Tightness of casing and piping connections.
(e) Adequacy of oil seals.

Evidence of probable unsatisfactory operation in service apparent from the dynamic

test shall be considered cause for rejection of the coupling. For examination and
failure to pass examination, see 4.6.5.

4.6.4 Static test (tvpe IV onlv}. The first article of each type IV
coupling design shall be statically tested at 200 percent of rated torque for 1
minute to determine conformance to 3.8.3. For examination and failure to pass
examination, see 4.6.5.

4.6.5 Examination after test. Couplings shall be examined after test for
cracks , distortions , looseness or deformation of fasteners, broken or displaced
snap rings , or other visible damage. In addition, toothed elements shall be
examined for distress in accordance with NAVSEA 0901 -LP-420-0007. Elastomer
elements shall be examined for deformations , cracks or extrusions. Disc and
diaphragm elements shall be examined for cracks, evidence of yielding, presence of
pits 0.002 inch or deeper and, where applicable, elongation of fastener holes.
Any of the foregoing or other defects which would adversely affect operation shall
I be cause for rejection.

4.6.6 %ecial tools and liftinv Kear. verification of suitability. Special

tools and lifting gear provided for couplings shall be demonstrated on the first
article to ensure that they are satisfactory for their intended purpose.

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.,. , ,. “.0, ,. ,0,, .

h.6.7 Suecial feature demonstration. Coupling special features (for

example, discomect and reconnect features) shall be demonstrated on the first
article during dynamic test or under static conditions whichever is applicable.

4.6.8 Solidification. When solidification hardware to replace or bypass the

elastomer elements in a type V coupling assembly is required (see 3.9. 5.3.2) , the’
instructions for on-site installation of this hardware (see 3.9.5. 3) shall be
verified on first article test.

4.6.9 Elastomer urouerties test. Unless otherwise specified (see 6.2) , the
mechanical, physical, and life properties of ‘as -cured” elastomer components used
in type V couplings shall be established by test (see 6.3)

4.7 Acceptance trials. Couplings shall be examined for defects during in-
port period after completion of first or prototype ship- full power and maneuvering
acceptance trials, or as specified (see 6.2) Examination and failure to pass
examination shall be as specified in 4.6.5.

4.8 Records Records shall be retained by the contractor of all inspec -

tions, examinations, and tests Records shall be available for review upon
request by Government representatives.

L.9 Inspection of DackaPing. Sample packages and packs, and the inspection
of the preservation, packing and marking for shipment and storage shall be in
accordance with the requirements of section 5 and the documents specified therein.

5. PACRAGING

(The packaging requirements specified herein apply only for direct Government
acquisition. For the extent of applicability of the packaging requirements of
referenced documents listed in seccion 2, see 6.7. )

5.1 Preservation. Dackinp and marking.

5.1.1 Eaui~ment. Couplings and stock components shall be preserved and

packed as required by the parent equipment specifications (see 6.2) . When such
instructions are not otherwise provided, presentation and packing shall be in
accordance with MIL- P-17286, to the following levels which are specified for the
destination or intended use of the parts:

Destination ?reserv ation level Packinr level

On board A c
Stock A B
Immediate use c c

5.1.2 Liftine ~ear and tools. Unless used in sets, pairs , or quantities
greater than one, or as specified (see 6.2) , lifting gear and tools shall be
individually preserved. When the unit is packaged as a set, assembly, or

I
quantities greater than one, each item shall be wrapped or cushioned to prevent
direct surface contact with surfaces of adj scent parts

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

5.1.3 Talc or talcuq. When used in the packaging process of items, talc or

1 talcum shall be free of asbestos and asbestiform-like materials.

5.1.4 ~. Marking for shipment and storage shall be in accordance with

requirements of the parent equipment specification (see 6.2) . When requirements
I are not othervise provided, marking shall be in accordance with MIL-STD -129.

5.1.5 DeDreservatiOn. Depreservation instructions shall be provided for

each container. These instructions shall also be provided when shipment is made.

5.1.6 UnDacking. Coupling containers shall be marked and unpacking instruc-

tions provided when normal unpacking procedures may damage the container contents
A sealed waterproof envelope prominently marked “UNPACKING INSTRUCTIONS” shall be
firmly fixed to the outside of the container.

6. NOTES

(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that

may be helpful, but is not mandatory. )

6.1 Intended use. Equipment described by this specification will be a “

permanent installation on Naval ships and is used to transmit power from prime
mover, electric motor or reduction gear (as applicable) for propulsion or from
prime mover to driven equipment for auxiliaries.

6.2 Acquisition requirements. Acquisition documents must specify the

following:

(a) Title, number, and date of this specification.

(b) Coupling required; cite type and class (when applicable) (see 1.2)
(c) Issue of DODISS to be cited in the solicitation, and if required,
the specific issue of individual documents referenced (see 2.1.1
and 2.2).
(d) When first article inspection is required (see 3 .1)
(e) Coupling materials if other than those of tables I and II
(see 3.2).
(f) If cast iron parts can be used (see 3.2.2)
(g) Related parent equipment requirements (see 3.3.3, 3.3.4, 3.4.10,
3.4.11.2, and 4.6.2).
(h) Whether guards , casings , and shields will be furnished by equipment
contractor or shipbuilder (see 3.4.2.1)
(i) When calculations are for other than specified torques (see 3.4. 3)
(j) If unbalance limits require approval (see 3.4.11) .
(k) If type I arrangement is other than double-engagement (see 3 .5.1)
(1) For type I or when type I requirements are invoked in type II,
class 2 (see 3.6.1.2), type IV (see 3.8.4 and 3.8.4.1), type V
(see 3.9.3), or type VIII (see 3.12.1), cite:

(1) If tooth crovn is other than as specified (see 3.5. 2.2).

(2) If tooth contact is other than as specified (see 3.5.2.5).
(3) If lube oil supply is other than from lube oil supply of main
reduction gear or parent equipment (see 3.5.3.2) .

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)

(m) For type II, if arrangement is other than double -engagement

(see 3.6.1).
(n) For type 11, class 1, cite:

(1) If tooth hardness and surface finish are other than as

specified (see 3.6. 1.1)
(2) If tooth contact check is not waived (see 6.5.8).
(3) If ultrasonic test of forging is not waived (see 4.6. 1.1).
(4) If magnetic particle or liquid penetrant test of forging is
not waived (see 4.6.1.2).

(o) For type 11, class 2, cite special material and hardness require.
ments, if any (see 3.6.1.2).
(p) For type III, if arrangement is for single- or double-engagement
(see 3.7.1).
(q) For I:ype IV, cite:

(1) Coupling components (see 3.8. 1)

(2) If dental coupling is other than double-engagement
(see 3.8.4).
(3) Whether lubricant is oil or grease (see 3.8 .4.1)
(4) If magnetic permeability test is waived (see 4.5.9).

(r) For type V, cite:

(1) Coupling components and arrangements (see 3.9. 1) .

(2) If rated design torque is other than as specified
(see 3.9.2.1).
(3) Normal misalignment (see 3.9.2. 2)
(4) Maximum continuous misalignment (see 3.9. 2.2)
(5) Maximum transient misalignment (see 3.9.2 .2)
(6) Axial displacement (see 3.9. 2.3)
(7) If operating life is other than as specified (see 3.9. 2.4).
(8) Operation under maximum transient misalignment, number of
occurrences, and duration (see 3.9.2 .4(a))
(9) Number of full-power operating hours under maximum continuous
❑isalignment (see 3.9.2.4(b)) .
(lo) Coupling stiffness limits (see 3.9.2.5)
(11) If sighting arrangements are required for elastomer elements
or lubrication sprays or jets (see 3.9.2.9. 2)
(12) If oil sprays or jets shall be lubricated without lifting
guard or cover (see 3.9.2.9.3).
(13) Dimensions and arrangement (see 3.9.2. 10)
(14) Design loading for retaining rings and bolts (see 3.9.3 .1).
(15) Relative axial velocity of floating member at impact with
stop if other than 1 inch per second, and data for analysis
of cyclic loading imposed on stop (see 3.9.3. l(a) and (b))
(16) Capability of back-up drive for diaphragm elements
(see
. . . . 3.9.4.1.1).
. . .. —.—,
(17) If Lubrication of dental teeth of back-up drive is other than
as specified (see 3.9.4.1.2).

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

(18) Coefficients of friction of back-up dental coupling teeth

if other than as specified (see 3.9.4.2)
(19) Back-up drive capability for elastomer coupling
(see 3.9.5.2).
(20) If requirement for coupling design that permits on-site
solidification is waived (see 3 .9.5 .3)
(21) Misalignment capability of coupling with elastomer elements
solidified (see 3.9.5.3.1)
(22) If solidification hardware is required and quantity required
(see 3.9.5.3.2).
(23) Activity responsible for review and approval of procedure for
on-site solidification (see 3.9.5.3.2)

(s) For type VI, cite:

(1) If coupling is other than double-engagement (see 3 .10.1).

(2) If back-up drive is required and capabilities of back-up drive
(see 3.10.4).
(3) Other speed or exciting frequency (see 3.10.7(b)).

(t) Whether type VII arrangement is for single- or double -engagement

(see 3.11.1).
(u) For type VIII cite:

(1) Whether arrangement is for single- or double -engagement

(see 3.12.1).
(2) If dental tooth, lubrication, and housing requirements of type
I may be waived (see 3.12.1)
(3) Whether couplings shall be constructed so that one coupling
may be disconnected and operation resumed on remaining shafts
(see 3.12.3).
(4) If provision to lock turbine drive is required (see 3.12.4).

(v) Trim, list, roll and pitch if other than table 111 values
(see 3.13.1).
(w) Lubricating oil temperature ranges if other than as specified
(see 3.13.2).
(x) Contractor furnished special tools and equipment (see 3.16).
(y) If tensile strength, yield point, elongation, reduction of area and
bend tests on coupling forgings are waived (see 4.5.2)
(z) Parent equipment requirements apply for the following except when
deleted or when substitute requirements are provided herein:

(1) Operating conditions (see 3.3) .

(2) Horsepower, r/rein, misalignment (where applicable) and other
data required for coupling design (see 3.3. 3) .
(3) Life (endurance) (see 3.3.4)
(4) Safety objectives (guards, casings, or shields) furnished by
the shipbuilder or parent equipment contractor unless
otherwise indicated (see 3.4. 2.1).
(5) Shock (see 3.4.10, 3.9.3.1, and 4.6.2).
(6) LOW noise, vibration or in situ balancing (see 3.4. 11.2) .

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

(7) Dynamic test (see 4.6.3).

(8) Elastomer properties test (see 4.6. 9) .
(9) Examination after ship trials (see 4.7)
(lo) Level of preservation and packing (see 5.1.1 and 5.1.2)
(11) Marking for shipment and storage (see 5.1.4).

6.3 Consideration of data requirements. The following data requirements

should be considered when this specification is applied on a contract. The
applicable Data Item Descriptions (DID’s) should be reviewed in conjunction with
the specific acquisition to ensure that only essential data are requested/provided
and that the DID’s are tailored to reflect the requirements of the specific
acquisition. To ensure correct contractual application of the data requirements,
a Contract Data Requirements List (DD Form 1423) must be prepared to obtain the
data. extent where DOD FAR Suuulement
.. 27.475-1 exempts the requirement for a DD
Form” 1423. “

Reference ParaKrauh DID Number DID Title Sumested Tailoring

3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.4.3, DI-GDRQ-80650 Design, data, and ----

3.9.4.2, and appendix A calculations

3.4.1.1 DI-MISC-80678 Certification/data 10. 3.1 does not

report aPPIY

3.4.1.2, 3.4.11.2, 01- DRPR-80651 Engineering drawings -.. .

3.15.1, and appendix B

3.4.2.1 DI-SAF-T-801OO System safety program ----

plan

3.12.3, 4.5.9, 4.6.1.5, DI-MISC-80653 Test reports ----

and appendix C
I
4.1.1 DI-QC-8111O Inspection and test ----
plan

4.4 DI-NDTI-80809 Test/inspection ...-

reports

4.6.9 uDI-T-23732 Procedures, test ----

The above DID’s were those cleared as of the date of this specification. The
current issue of DOD 5010. 12-L, Acquisition Management Systems and Data Require -
ments Control List (AMSDL) , must be researched to ensure that only current,
cleared DID’s are cited on the DD Form 1423.

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

6.4 ~echnical manuals. The requirement for technical manuals should be

considered when this specification is applied on a contract. If technical manuals
are required, military specifications and standards that have been cleared and
listed in DOD 5010. 12-L. Acquisition Management Svstems and Data Requirements
Control List (AMSDL) ❑ ust b: listed on a ~eparate” Contract Data Req~irements List
(DD Form 1423), which is included as an exhibit to the contract. The technical
manuals must be acquired under separate contract line item in the contract.
Technical content should include the requirements of appendix D, titled “Manual
Technical Requirements n

6.5 First article. When first article inspection is reauired. the

contracting officer should provide specific guid~nce whether ~he item(s) should be
a first article sample, a first production item, a sample selected from the first
productions items, a standard production item from the contractor’s current
inventory (see 3.1) , and the number of items to be tested as specified in 4.3. l%e
contracting officer should also include specific instructions in acquisition
documents regarding arrangements for examinations, aPPrOval of first article test
results , and disposition of first articles. Invitations for bids should provide
that the Government reserves the right to waive the requirement for smples for
first article inspection to those bidders offering a product which has been
previously acquired or tested by the Government, and that bidders offering such ‘
products, who wish to rely on such production or test, must furnish evidence with
the bid that prior Government approval is presently appropriate for the pending
contract. Bidders should not submit alternate bids unless specifically requested
to do so in the solicitation.

6.6 Provisioning. Provisioning Technical Documentation (PTD) , spare parts,

and repair parts should be furnished as specified in the contract.

6.6.1 When ordering spare parts or repair parts for the equipment covered by
this specification, the contract should state that such spare parts and repair
parts should meet the same requirements and quality assurance provisions as the
parts used in the manufacture of the equipment. Packaging for such parts should
also be specified.

6.7 Subcontracted material and Darts. The packaging requirements of

referenced documents listed in section 2 do not apply when material and parts are
acquired by the contractor for incorporation into the equipment and lose their
I separate identity when the equipment is shipped.

6.8 Substitute materials aDD roval. Contractors who anticipate bidding to

this specification may obtain from the Command or agency concerned “across-the-
board” approval of commercial or contractor specification materials , including
test and examination requirements, to be used in lieu of the Government specifica-
tion requirements referred to herein. The approval of substitute material must
represent no present or predicted cost increase to the contracting activity.

6.8.1 Substitute materials when bidding. Contractors who anticipate using

substitute materials should indicate these materials as alternatives in the bid
proposal. Prior approval in accordance with 6.8 should be indicated, where
applicable, by citing approval letters. The material substitutions must be
approved or not approved in whole or in part by the contracting activity. such
approval applies only to a specific purchase or contract.

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)

6.9 Nonspecified materials. Where, for the applications of tables I and II,
materials or material properties are not specified, approval by the contracting
activity or Government technical approval command as designated in the contract or
1 order is required.

I 6.10 Subiect term (kev word) listing.

Dental tooth couplings

Diaphragm couplings
I Elastomer
Housing (guards )
Life (endurance )

6.11 Ctanees from urevious issue. Marginal notations are not used in this
revision to identify changes with respect to the previous issues due to the
extensiveness of the changes.

Preparing activity:
I Navy - SH
(Project 201 O-NO19)

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

1 APPENDIX A

1 DESIGN DATA AND CALCOIATIONS TECHNICAL CONTRNT REQUIREMENTS

10. SCOPE
~
10.1 s. This appendix covers technical requirements that shall be
included in calculations and stress diagrams when required by the contract or
order. This appendix is mandatory only when data item description DI-GDRQ-80650
is cited on tha DD form 1623.

20. APPLICABLE DOCUMSNTS

This section in not applicable to this appendix.

30. DESIGN DATA AND CALCULATIONS

30.1 Design data and calculation. When required by the contract or order,
I
design data and calculations shall contain the following information:

(a) Calculations made as required in 3.4.3, 3.4.3.1, 3.4.3.2, 3.4.3.3,

and 3 .9.4.2 shall be furnished. Allovable limits , when not speci-
fied in the specification or in the contract or order shall be
proposed with supporting justification by the contractor for
approval by the contracting activity. Calculation shall be
provided in sufficient detail for review by the contracting
activity.
(b) Coupling dsta shall be provided with parent equipment data to
activities performing vibration calculations as designated by the
parent equipment requirements (see 3.3. 1)
(c) Data, including drawings, for the purposes of 3.3.2 shall be
~ provided to the extent required by the driven and driving
machinery contractors.
(d) Where the coupling contractor does not hold requirements and
specifications for machinery or components referred to in specifi-
cation or when required information is not in parent equipment
specifications , this documentation and information will be
provided by the contracting activity. Coupling contractor shall
identify misalignment capability of furnished coupling and verify
that this capability is not less than that specified by the
contracting activity.

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

APPSNDIX B

I ENGINEERING DRAWINGS TECHNICAL CONTENT REQUIRF.MENTS

10. SCOPE

10.1 w. This appendix covers technical requirements that shall be

included or engineering drawings when required by the contract or order. This
appendix is mandatory only when data item description DI -DRPR- 80651 is cited on
the DD Form 1423.

20. APPLICABLE DOCUMSNTS

20.1 Government documents.

20. 1.1 Suecif ications. standards. and handbooks. The following specifi-
cations, standards , and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent
specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are
I those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and
Standxrds (DODISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.2) .

SPECIFICATIONS

MILITARY
MIL-T -31000 - Technical Data Packages, General Specification for.

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of federal and military specifications,

standards, and handbooks are available from the Standardization Documents Order
Desk, BLDG. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. )

30. DRAWING CONTENT

30.1 Drawine content. When required by the contract or order, engineering

drawings shall include the following:

(a) Location where metal may be removed during in-situ balancing shall
be identified in the coupling drawings (see 3.4. 11.2)
(b) Instruction for packaging and delivery of drawings shall be
provided by the specification for the parent equipment. When
requirements are not otherwise provided, packaging and delivery
shall be in accordance with MIL-T -31000 for drawings.

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

APPENDIX C

TEST REPORT TECHNICAL CONTENT REQUIREMENTS

10. SCOPE

10.1 -. This appendix covers the technical requirements that shall be

included on first article inspection reports when required by the contract or
order. This appendix is mandatory only when data item description DI-MISC-80653
is cited on the DD Form 1423.

20. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

This section is not applicable to this appendix.

30. REPORT CONTENT

30.1 ReDOrt c ontent. When required by the contract or order, first article
inspection reports shall contain the following information in addition to the
results of the tests specified in table IV herein:

(a) Disconnect couuline time requirements. Actual time required,

determined on first article, shall be furnished to activity
concerned (see 3.12.3)
(b) Maznetic Dermeability. The results of any magnetic permeability
measurement required (see 4.5. 9) shall be reported as soon as pos-
sible.
(c) ~. Contractor shall provide
tooth hardness data when requested by the Government inspector or
contracting activity in accordance with data ordering document
(see 4.6.1.5).

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I MIL-c-23233A(SH)

I APPSNDIX D

I MANUAL TECHNICAL CONTENT REQUIREMENTS

10. SCOPE
I 10.1 -. This appendix covers technical requirements that shall be
I included in the manuals when required by the contract or order. This appendix is
not a mandatory part of the specification unless invoked by the contract or order.
I When invoked, the information contained herein is intended for compliance.

I 20. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

20.1 Government documents.

20. 1.1 Suecif ications. standards. and handbooks. The following specif i-
cations, st&ndards, and handbooks form a part of this documenc to the extent
specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are
those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and
Standards (DODISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.2).
I
SPECIFICATION

MILITARY
MIL-M-15071 - Manuals, Technical: Equipments and Systems Content
Requirements for.

I (Unless otherwise indicated, copies of federal and military specifications,

standards. and handbooks are available from the Standardization Documents Order
I Desk, BLDG. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. )

30. MANUALS

30.1 Manuals. When required by the contract or order, manuals shall contain
the following information:

(a) Contractor shall indicate specific schedule for each maintenance

action required and shall list in the technical manual periodic
I ❑aintenance requirements.
(b) Actual time required to disconnect the coupling, determined on
firat article, shall be incorporated in the technical manual (see

I (c)
3.12.3).
Instmction for packaging and delivery of technical manuals will be
provided by the specification for the parent equipment. When
requiremen& are not otherwise provided, packaging and delivery
shall be in accordance with MI L-M-15071 for ❑anuals.

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

APPENDIX E

TYPE V COUPLING DISTANCE PIECE DESIGN

10. SCOPE

10.1 -. This appendix covers information to be used in design of the

type V lineshaft noise attenuating coupling distance piece of all Naval ships.
l%is appendix is a mandatory part of the specification. The information contained
herein is intended for compliance.

20. APPLICABLE DOCUNENTS

20.1 Government documents.

20. 1.1 Suecif ications. standards. and handbooks. The following specifi-
cations, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent
specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are
those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and
Standards (DODISS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.2) ‘

SPECIFICATIONS

FEDSRAL
QQ-N-281 - Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar, Rod, Plate, Sheet, Strip,
Wire, Forgings, and Structural and Special Shaped
Sections.
QQ-N-286 - Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy, Wrought (UNS N05500)

MILITARY
MIL-s-23284 - Steel Forgings, Carbon and Alloy, for Shafts,
Sleeves, Propeller Nuts, Couplings, and Stocks
(Rudders and Diving Planes) .

STANDARD

MILITARY
MIL- STD-167 -2 - Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment
(Reciprocating Machinery and Propulsion System and
Shafting) Types III , IV, and V.

(Unless otherwise indicated, copies of federal and military specifications,

standards, and handbooks are available from the Standardization Documents Order
Desk, BLDG. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. )
I

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)
APPENDIX E

20.1.2 Other Government documents. drawinTs . and Duplications. The

following other Government documents, drawings , and publications form a part of
this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the
issues are those cited in the solicitation.

DRAWING

I NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA)

NAVSHIPS 803-2145807 - Propulsion Shafting and Components

(Application for copies should be addressed to: Commander, Portsmouth Naval

Shipyard, Code 202.2, Portsmouth, NH 03801. )

PUBLICATIONS

NAVAL SPA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA)

0900 -LP-090-3020 - Guidelines to MIL-sTD-167-2 Ship Mechanical
Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Standardization Documents

Order Desk, BLDG. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. )

NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER ANNAPOLIS (was DTRC )

A. Zaloumis and G. P. Antonides - Recent Developments in
Longitudinal Vibrations of Surface Ship Propulsion Systems. NSRDC
(now DTRC) Report 3358, September 1970.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the Standardization Documents

Order Desk, BLOG. 4D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. )

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM)

B 138 - Standard Specification for Manganese Bronze Rod, Bar, and
Shapes. (DoD adopted)
B 150 - Standard Specification for Aluminum Bronze Rod, Bar, and
Shapes (DoD adopted)

(Application for copies should be addressed to the American Society for

Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. )

Peterson, R. E. , Stress Concentration Factors, John Wiley and Sons,

New York; 1974.

(Application for copies should be addressed to the publisher. A copy may be

consulted in the technical library of the Naval Sea Systems Command. )

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)
APPENDIX E

(Non-Government standards and other publications are normally available from

I the organizations that prepare or distribute the documents, These documents also
may be available in or through libraries or other informational services. )

30. DEFINITIONS

30.1 Usual meanings. Unless othervise defined herein, the terms used have
their usual dictionary meanings appropriate to the context.

30.2 Abbreviations and svmbols Abbreviations and symbols used in this

document are listed here for convenient reference. On occasion, the same symbol
is used with a different intended meaning from that listed. In that event ~he
spbOl is specially annotated to make its meaning clear in the particular
I application.

SY.nkd Meaning lJnits

A Cross-sectional area of shaft inch2

Be Effective length of key inch
b, Contact depth of keyway inch
Ch Key Chamfer inch
Cr Chromium
‘b Diameter of bolt inch
% Bolt circle diameter inch
Df Outside diameter of flange inch
‘k Diameter at midpoint of contact depth inch
(b,) at ❑idlength of Be
Dm Diameter of shaft taper at midlength inch
of Be
d Propeller shaft reduced bore diameter inch
E Shaft modulus of elasticity psi
EHP Effective horsepower hp
FL Fatigue limit psi
FS Factor of safety
G Shaft shear modulus psi
H Depth of keyway at midlength of Be inch
(straight side plus corner radius)
I Area moment of inertia of shaft inch4
ID Shaft inside diameter inch
J Polar moment of inertia of shaft inch4
Stress concentration factor in bending
Stress concentration factor in torsion
Length of shaft taper inch .
Gravity bending moment at any shaft in-lb
location

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)
APPENDIX E

SY!I!!A Meaning

Min Minimum
Mo Molybdenum
PIP Gravity bending ❑ om ent at aftermost in-lb
bearing support point
MT Total bending moment (sum of M and Mm) in-lb
‘b Number of bolts (in shaft coup 1“lng)
N1 Number of keys
Ni Nickel
OD Outside diameter of shaft inch
Pc Propulsive coefficient
Q Mean or steady torque in-lb
Qr Total torque including all increases in- lb
required
RPM Propeller rotational speed r/rein
~f Radius of flange fillet inch
‘9
Radius of sleeve groove fillet inch
‘k
Radius of keyway fillet inch
sm Resultant alternating stress psi
sas Alternating torsional shear stress psi
‘b Alternating bending stress psi
‘bt Shear stress of shaft coupling bolts psi
s Steady compressive stress psi
S:k Allowable compressive stress of key psi
SHP Shaft horsepower hp
s, Steady shear stress psi
ssk Allowable shearing stress of key psi
ssr Resultant steady stress psi
T Propeller full power thrust pound
TT Total thrust pound
t Thrust deduction factor pound
tc Shaft taper at inboard coupling in/f t
UT Ultimate tensile strength psi
v Ship speed at full power knot
u Uidth of key inch
w.IC Weight of shaft bore internal components pound
w Weight per unit length of shaft lb/in
YP Yield point of material psi
P*t, Density of steel material lb/in3

30.3 Svstem of units Unless otherwise stated or demanded by context, the

U.S. conventional gravitational system of units , commonly called the foot-pound-
second system (or inch-pound system) is used throughout this appendix.

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)
APPSNDIX E

ho. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

40.1 Desire requirements. Unless otherwise specifically approved, the

design of the main propulsion coupling distance piece (shafting) shall be in
accordance with the methods and criteria described herein and in Drawing 803-
2145807, except that material selection shall be in accordance with MIL-C -23233.

40.2 Material selection. Shafting materials shall he selected on the main

considerations of fatigue characteristics and strength.

40.3 Solid or hollow shafts. Unless otherwise specified, shafts with an

outside diameter (OD) less than 6 inches shall be solid. Shafting 6 inches in
diameter and above shall be bored hollow.

40.4 Hollow (bored) shafting. The inside di~eter (ID) of low speed gear
shafting shall be O. 65 times the shaft nominal outside diameter (OD) , unless
specifically approved otherwise by NAVSEA. Where more than one design outside
diameter exists within a shaft section, the 0.65 rule shall be based on the
smaller outside diameter. Rounding off the ins ide dizuneter dimension to the
nearest 1/8 inch is permitted. For controllable pitch propeller systems, the
inside diameter shall not be decreased from forward to aft.

40.5 Desien nominal outside diameter of shafting. The designed nominal

outside diameter (OD) of shafting is the ❑ inimum diameter which is determined by
calculations using the methods described herein meeting all the criteria
specified.

40.6 Nominal outside diameter. The nominal outside diameter (OD) of the
shafting shall be determined on the basis of the maximum combined stresses.
Stresses and factors of safety shall be calculated at all fillets, keyways,
splines, and other discontinuity points; at bearing support points; and at
locations of maximum moment. Stress concentration factors (~ & Kt) shall be
applied as required to determine the point of maximum stress. Shaft sizes
determined by these calculations shall meet the minimum factor of safety criteria
specified herein.

40.7 Bearine suDDOrt points For shaft design purposes, the bearings shall
each be considered to act as a point support at the bearing center.

40.8 Desire toraue. Propulsion coupling shafting design shall allow for
maximum nominal steady state operation plus an additional torque imposed by the
slowing of the propeller when the ship makes a turn. Oesign steady torque (Q)
shall be based on the normal operating mode, either full plant or split plant,
resulting in the highest torque in the shaft being analyzed, and shall include
other possible increases in steady torque that the propulsion shafting system may
experience, such as those caused by allowable variations in full power shaft WM
as specified for the propeller or prime mover in a particular shipbuilding
specification. The additional torque allowed for a ship making a turn shall be
20 percent of design steady torque for both single and multi-propeller ships,
except that for ships with geared diesel engine propulsion, 10 percent (instead of

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)
APPENDIX E

20 percent) additional torque shall be used. In addition, the design of shafting

for ships driven by reciprocating engines shall be checked in accordance with
MIL-STD-167 -2 and NAVSSA 0900 -LP-090- 3020 for the torsional critical rotational
speed at which vibratory stresses are greatest.

40.9 Steadv and alternating stresses. In calculating stresses, the steady

stresses and the alternating stresses shall be calculated separately. The
resultant steady stress (Ssr) is due to the steady torque and thrust. The
resultant alternating stress (Sar) is due to the alternating torque and bending .
The effects from other sources of bending in a particular shafting design, such as
couplings, shall also be included in the calculations. Stress concentration
factors (Kb & Kt) , where they exist, shall be applied to the alternating torsional
shear (Sa3) and bending stresses (Sb).

40.10 Hiph localized stresses. High localized stresses shall be avoided by

use of generous fillets and by avoiding the drilling of holes into the shafting to
secure such items as keys, sleeves, and oil baffles. Inasmuch as only alternating
stresses are multiplied by stress concentration factors , prevention of regions of
high localization of stress is especially important where alternating stresses are
large.

40.11 Alternating (vibratorv) torsional shear stresses Caution shall be

used in computation of alternating torsional shear stresses (Sa~), particularly
those that are engine excited, as by diesel or reciprocating steam engines. For
these stresses, a more elaborate torsional analysis may be required. The maximum
torsional vibratory stresses determined from the vibratory analysis required by
MIL-STD -167-2 shall be compared with the alternating torsional shear stress
estimated by (Eq-12) . If greater than the latter, they shall be incorporated into
a reiteration of the shafting design calculations

40.12 Shaft bore components. Determination of gravity moments (Mg) in

shafting shall take into account the weight distribution of internal components in
the bore. These components include, as applicable, such items as piping, control
rods, and oil.

40.13 ~. Propulsion coupling shafting designs shall meet

the factors of safety tabulated in table VI

40.14 Clad weld inlays shall not be used on main propulsion coupling shafts.

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)

i1
APPSNDIX E

TABLS II. Bendin~ moments for surface shius and submarines .~l

I
Surface ships

strut - Nonstrut - Submarines

supported supported
shafting shafting

Total moment at any

point of coupling Mg Mg M8
(MT)
I shafting
1

11 Where applicable, the total moment (MT) shall also include bending moments due
to other sources, such as dental couplings or sound isolation couplings.
I

TABLE VI. Factors of safety for main Drormlsion couolin~ shafting.

Type of ship

Surface ships
other than Icebreakers Submarines
icebreakers

Coupling shafting 1.75 2.25 2.00

50. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS

50.1 Desire loads . Propulsion coupling shafting is subjected to a variety

of steadv and alternatin~ loads that include torsional shear, axial thrust, and
bending. ”In the detail s~aft design analysis, stresses shall be calculated at all
bearing support points, shafting discontinuities, flange fillets, keyways, ❑ oment
peaks, and all other areas where high stresses may occur.

50.2 Stresses Steady and alternating stresses shall be analyzed separa-

tely, then combined using equations based on the Soderberg diagram to determine
factors of safety. For proper shaft ins ide diameter to use in equations, see
40.4.

50.3 Shaf tin!z desizn equations

50. 3.1 Steady stresses.

50.3 .1.1 Torsional load. The torsional load in the shafting, which results
in steady torsional stresses , is calculated from the shaft horsepower (SHP) and
propeller rotational speed (RPM) as follows:

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)
APPENDIX E

63.025 X SHJ?
Q- RPM
(Eq-1)

where horsepower and RFM are chosen in accordance with the guidance in paragraph
40.8

I
50. 3.1.1.1 Additional toraue for turns. Additional torque shall be required
for turns (see 40.8) .

~ (a) For turbine-driven ships, whether single- or multishaf t:

Q, -1.2x Q (Eq-2a)
I
I (b) For reciprocating- engine-driven shafts, whether diesel or steam,
single-or multishaft:

Q, -l.lx Q (Eq-2b)

50.3 .1.2 Steady shear stress. (Eq-3a) through (Eq-3c) apply for the
calculation of steady shear stress

Q, X OD
s,-— (Eq-3a)
2xJ

5.1 x Q, X OD
s, - (Hollow shaft) (Eq-3b)
0D4 - ID4

5.1x Qr
s~. — (Solid shaft) (Eq-3c)
0D3

I
50.3 .1.3 Thrust load. Thrust loads, Tt, shall be as specified.

50.3 .1.4 Steady compressive stress. (Eq-8) applies for calculation of the
steady compressive stress due to thrust.

% 1.273 X T,
sc. —- (Eq-8)
A 0D2 - ID2

50.3 .1.5 Resultant steadv stress. (Eq-9) applies for calculation of the
resultant steady stress.

ssr - [s=2 + (2 x S,)2]1J2 (Eq-9)

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)
APPSNDIX E

I
50.3.2 Altematin7 stresses.

50.3 .2.1 Bending moments.

50.3 .2.1.1 Gravitv bendin~ moments.

(a) Not used

(b) The shaft alignment analysis shall be used to determine the maximum
gravity bending moment that exists at each point of the bull gear
shaft for the following conditions:

(1) Straight line in air.

(2) Aligned waterborne with machinery cold.
(3) Aligned waterborne with machinery cold and with collective
weardown of water lubricated bearings.
(4) Aligned waterborne with machinery at operating temperature.
(5) Aligned waterborne with machinery at operating temperature and
with collective weardown of water lubricated bearings.
(6) Aligned waterborne with allowable variations of bearings loads
for conditions (2) through (5) above.
(7) For submarines only, hull deflections due to diving, rising,
sea slap, and submergence pressure shall be analyzed in
combination with conditions (2) through (6) above.
(8) For surface ships only, hull deflections that affect shaft
alignment shall be analyzed in combination with conditions
(2) through (6) above. These hull deflections are usually
the result of large changes in ballast such as those seen on
fleet oilers, amphibious-force ships , or supply ships. Hull
deflections due to sea state and steering turns need not be
analyzed.

50.3 .2.1.2 Other moments. Analysis of gear tooth loads and flexible
coupling loads shall be used to find additional moments applied to the coupling
shaft.

50.3 .2.2 Stress concentration factors. The principal points of stress

concentration in shafting occur at the corners of keyways, ac flange fillets, and
at holes (where specifically approved) drilled in the shaft. These points of
stress concentration shall be treated as specified in 50.3 .2.2.1 and 50.3 .2.2.2

50.312 .2.1 Stress concentration at kevwav fillets. The stress concentration _

factor for torsional stress (Kt) at keyway fillets is a function of the ratio of
the fillet radius in the corner of the keyvay (rk) tO the depth Of the keway at
midlength (H) . Values of Kt shall be taken from figure 1. The fillet radius
shall be in accordance with Drawing 803-2145807. The stress concentration factor
in bending due to a keyway is unit~, and the stress concentration can be neglected
at the key end provided that the ends of the keyway are properly faired into the
shaft in accordance with Orawing 803-2145807.

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)
APPENDIX E

50.3.2.2.2 Stress concentration at flanee fillets. The stress concentration

factors for alternating torsional and bending stresses (Kt and ~, respectively)
at the fillet of a coupling flange depend on the fillet radius (rf), the shaft
outside diameter (OD) , and the flange outside diameter (Df) Values for Kt and Kb
shall be taken from figures 2 and 3 respectively.

50.3.2.2.3 Oil holes in shafting. Oil holes drilled normal to the surface
of a shaft usually have a diameter that is small with respect to the shaft
diameter. A stress concentration factor of three for the bending stress shall be
used. Note that the drilling of these types of holes in propulsion shafting is
prohibited except where specifically approved by NAVSEA.

50.3.2.3 Bendine stress. (Eq-lla) through (Eq-llc) apply for the

calculation of bending stress due to bending moment.

MT X OD
‘b -= (Eq-lla)

10.2 XMTXOD
‘b - (Hollow shaft) (Eq-llb)
(OD4 - ID4)

10.2 x MT
‘b - (Solid shaft) (Eq-llc)
~D3

50. 3.2.4 Alternatin~ (vibratory) torsional shear stress Alternating

torsional shear stresses in the shaft are generated by the propeller and occur
predominantly at blade frequency, except for diesel propulsion plants, where the
cyclic engine torque is significant also. Initially the alternating torsional
shear stress may be approximated as follows:

sas - 0.05 x s, (Eq-12)

Nhere:

s, - steady shear stress as derived from

(Eq-3b) or (Eq-3c)

Instead of the above, the values determined by the detailed propulsion system
vibration analysis shall be substituted in the design calculations if they are
larger at the corresponding shaft RPM than the approximation given by (Eq-12)

50.3 .2.5 Resultant altematin!z stress. The resultant alternating stress

shall be found, first by multiplying the bending and torsional stress components
each by the appropriate stress concentration factor, and then by combining them as
prescribed in the maximum shear theory as follows:

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)
APPENDIX E

sm - [(~ x Sb)2+ (2 x K, X S,,)2]1/2 (Eq-13)

Where:

~ and Kt are stress concentration factors for bending and t.rsio”

(see figures 1, 2, and 3) at shafting disconcinulties such as
flange fillets and key-ways (see 50..4~2.2) .

50.3.3 Factor of safety. The resultant steady stress (Ss,) and the
resultant alternating stress (Sar) are used to obtain the factor of safety as
follows :

1 s=. sm.
(Eq-lLa)

- Or -

1
FS-S (Eq-lftb)
.. sa,

Values for YP and FL shall be the minimum allowed by the appropriate material
I specification.

50.4 Shaf tin$z components. Shafting components shall be as specified in

50.4.1 through 50.4.1.2.

50.4.1 Kev and kevway desien. The allowable design key stresses (S~k and
SCk) are based, respectively, on the yield strength in shear and ultimate
compressive strength of the key material, and on a factor of safety of five.
Values for S,k and Sck to be used in (Eq-30) and (Eq -31) are given in table VII and
VIII respectively.

50.4.1.1 Nomenclature. Symbols of special use in key and keyway design are
listed here with their intended meanings:

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MIL-c-23233A(SH)
APPENDIX E

Meaning U

Be - Effective length of key inches

% Contact depth of keyway [depth of
keyway (H) minus key chamfer (Ch)] inches
Dk - Diameter at midpoint of contact
depth (b,) at midlength of Be inches
D. Diameter of shaft taper at midlength
of Be inches
H - Depth of keyway at ❑idlength of Be
(straight side plus corner radius) inches
Lt - Length of shaft taper inches
Ml - Number of keys
s ck - Allowable compressive stress of key psi
s sk - Allowable shearing stress of key psi
V - Width of key (minimum) inches

50.4.1.2 Desicn formulas. (See (Eq-29a) through (Eq-31) .)

2XQT
u- (Eq-30)
N1 X BeX D# S,k

2xQT
bl - N1x (Eq-31)
Bex Dkx SCk

-.

I
I

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MIL-c-23233A(sH)
APPENDIX E

TABLS VI 1. Allowable shearine stress for kev materials.

s
Material Applicable Allowable shearings!stress, (psi)
document
1 key 2 or more keys

Steel
class 1 MIL-s-23284 11,250 7,500
class 2 MIL-S-23284 8,250 5,500
class 3 MIL-S-23284 6,750 4,500
class 4 MIL-S-23284 5,250 3,500
Ni-Cu (monel) QQ-N-281 7,800 5,200
Ni-Cu-Al (K-monel) QQ-N-286 15,000 10,000
Nickel aluminum ASTM B150 6,000 4,000
bronze Alloy c63000
Manganese bronze ASTM B 138 5,250 3,500
half-hard, rolled
Steel, class C MIL-s-24093 15,000 10,000
type I or II

TABLE VIII Allowable compressive stress for kev materials.

s
Material Applicable Allowable compress iv~k stress , (psi)
document
1 key 2 or more keys

Steel
class 1 MIL-S-23284 28,500 19,000
class 2 MIL-S-23284 24,000 16,000
class 3 MIL-S-23284 22,500 15,000
class 4 MIL-S-23284 18,000 12,000
Ni-Cu (monel) QQ-N-2B1 27,000 18,000
Ni-CU-Al (K-monel) QQ-N-286 42,000 28,000
Nickel aluminum ASTM B150 24,000 16,000 -,
bronz% Alloy C63000
Manganese bronze ASTM B 138 19,500 13,000
half-hard, rolled
Steel, class C MIL-s-24093 36,000 24,000
type I or II

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)
APPENDIx E

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MIL-C-23233A(SH)
APPENDIX E

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MI L-C-23233 A(SH)
APPENDIX E

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STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENT IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL

~TRUCTfONS
1. The preparing activity must complete blocks 1, 2.3, and 8. In block 1, both the document number and revisior?
letter should be given.

2. The submitter of this form must complete blocks 4,5,6, and 7.

3. The preparing activity must provide a reply wtthm 30 days from receipt of the form.

NOTE: This form may not be used to request copies of documents, nor to request waivers, or clarification of
requirements on current contracts. Comment$ submitted on this form do not constitute or imply authorization to
waive any portion of the referenced document(s) or to amend contractual requirements.

2. DOCUMENT DATE (YYMMDDJ

;l;~~~~;$;~~~~;~;.$~”~$;:” ““ ‘“ ‘OcuM&~_~;;JJA(S~) 1992 November 25
X+??%w * ?.::.
DOCUMENT TITLE
“COUPLINGS POR PROPULSION C3NITS, AEf3CILIAEtY
TffRBINESAN23LINE Sf3A3WS
, NAVAL SH31W10AR0
NATURE OF CHANGE (Identify p ara gra ph numb er and imlud e proposed rewrite, if pom’ble. A cra ch extra che e cs as ne e d e d)

I
I
REASON FOR RECOMMENDATION

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