SHORT QUESTIONS

Attempt any 4 in maximum 25 words

1.Differentiate Globe and Map.
-A globe is a spherical representation of Earth, while a map is a flat
representation with distortions.
2.Latitude and lines of latitude.
-Latitude measures north-south position, with lines of latitude
running parallel to the equator.
3.Explain Zone and Gore.
-Zones divide Earth longitudinally, while gores are segments used to
create globes.
4. What is the radius of the Earth?
-Earth's radius is approximately 6,371 kilometers.
5.Prime Meridian.
-The Prime Meridian is the line of longitude at 0 degrees, dividing
Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
6.Non-Perspective map projections.
-Non-perspective map projections maintain accurate shape or area
but sacrifice perspective.
7.Define Grid
-A grid is a network of horizontal and vertical lines used to locate
points on a map or globe.
8.Write properties of Equator.
-The Equator is a line of latitude at 0 degrees, dividing Earth into
Northern and Southern Hemispheres; it's the longest parallel.
9. What do you mean by perspective Map Projection.
-Perspective map projections present a three-dimensional view of
Earth's surface onto a two-dimensional plane.
10. Write note on Conventional Projections.
-Conventional projections use standard methods to represent Earth's
curved surface on a flat map.
11.Write short note on Homolographic Projection.
-Homolographic Projection balances area and shape distortion by
spreading distortion evenly across the map.
12.What will be the radius of Globe if R.F. of the Map is 200000000
-If the RF of a map is 200,000,000, the radius of the globe it
represents is 12.742 kilometers (6371 km × RF).
13. How many degrees of paralleles encircle the whole globe?
-90 degrees of parallels encircle the whole globe, from the North
Pole to the South Pole.
14.With the help of a diagram show the 60°NS latitude line.
-Diagrams are not supported in this format. The 60°NS latitude line
runs parallel to the equator, approximately halfway between the
equator and the North Pole.
15.Which projection is the modifed form of polyconic projection?
-The Robinson projection is a modified form of the polyconic
projection.
16.Give four points to be considered while choosing a map
projection.
-Consider scale, purpose, distortion, and area of interest when
choosing a map projection.Unit -1
1. what is Map Projection? Discuss the need and importance of Map
Projection.Answer: Map Projection is the process of transforming
spherical surface of the Earth onto a flat map. It's needed because
the Earth is a sphere, while maps are flat, causing distortions in
shape, area, distance, or direction. The importance lies in accurately
representing geographic features for navigation, planning, and
analysis.
2. Choose suitable Projections for the following and justify your
choice.
Political Map of Africa,Tea-cultivation in the World,
Distribution of Population in the World
Answer: For the Political Map of Africa, the Robinson projection
would be suitable as it balances shape, area, distance, and direction
distortion, providing a visually pleasing representation. For Tea
Cultivation, the Mercator projection could be chosen due to its ability
to preserve direction, helpful for navigation and trade routes. The
Equal Area projection would be ideal for representing the
Distribution of Population in the World, as it accurately depicts areas'
relative sizes, crucial for demographic analysis.
3. Classify and explain map projections on the basis of method of
construction.
Answer: Map projections can be classified based on the method of
construction into cylindrical, conic, and azimuthal projections.
Cylindrical projections wrap the Earth's surface around a cylinder,
conic projections wrap it around a cone, and azimuthal projections
project the Earth's surface onto a plane from a specific point.
4. Choose suitable projections for the following and justify your
choice:
(a) Rubber plant cultivation in the world
(b) General purpose map of Australia
(c), Trans Siberian Railway Line(d) Penguin distribution
Answer: (a) For Rubber Plant Cultivation, the Mercator projection
might be suitable for its preservation of direction, aiding in navigation
for trade purposes. (b) A General Purpose Map of Australia could use
the Lambert Conformal Conic projection, as it's well-suited for
representing regions with east-west extents, like Australia, with
minimal distortion. (c) The Trans Siberian Railway Line could benefit
from the use of the Azimuthal Equidistant projection, centered on
Siberia, to accurately represent distances from this central point. (d)
Penguin Distribution might be accurately portrayed using the
Interrupted Goode Homolosine projection, as it minimizes distortion
while showing large landmasses interrupted by the oceans,
facilitating the depiction of species distribution.
Unit -2
1. What is Mercator's map projection. Discuss its uses, ment and
demerits.Ans-Mercator's Map Projection:Description: Mercator
projection is a cylindrical map projection that preserves angles and
shapes, but distorts sizes, especially near the poles. It's often used for
navigation due to its ability to represent lines of constant course as
straight segments.Uses: Mainly used in navigation charts and for
world maps where straight lines are required for accurate course
plotting.Merits: Maintains angles and shapes, making it useful for
navigation purposes.Demerits: Distorts sizes, particularly in regions
closer to the poles, making it less suitable for thematic maps or
accurate representation of areas.
2. Draw a Cylindrical Equal Area Map Projection on a scale of 1:
250000000 in which parallel interval is 15"and meridian interval is
30".
- diagram
3. Draw a Cylindrical Equal Area Map projection on a scale of 1:
200,000,000 in which parallel Interval is 15° and Meridian Interval is
30°- diagram
4. Discuss the main properties, uses and limitations of Mercator's
map projection.
-Properties, Uses, and Limitations of Mercator's Map
Projection:Properties: Preserves angles and shapes, making it useful
for navigation.Uses: used for Navigation charts, world maps for
navigation purposes.Limitations: Distorts sizes, particularly near the
poles, making it unsuitable for accurate representations of area or
thematic maps.
5. Write the common properties of cylindrical map projections.
-Common Properties of Cylindrical Map Projections:Preserve angles
along meridians and parallels.Straight meridians and
parallels.Meridians equidistant.Parallels equally spaced.
6. Draw a cylindrical equidistant map projection for the Eastern
Hemisphere on a scale of 1:80,000,000. Graticule interval is 15º.
- diagram
Unit -3
1.What is International Map Projection? which Maps are drawn on
this projection? Write the scheme of preparing the numbering of
International map projection.
Answer -An International Map Projection is a standard map
projection agreed upon by international cartographic organizations
for consistent representation of the Earth's surface. Maps drawn on
this projection include world maps and regional maps covering large
areas.
The scheme for preparing the numbering of International Map
Projections typically involves assigning a unique number to each
projection method. These numbers help identify and classify
different types of map projections, ensuring consistency and clarity in
cartography standards.
2. Draw a Simple Conical Map Projection with one standard parallel
of 60"N on the scale of 1: 250000000 with parallel and meridian
interval of 15°and 30° respectively.
250,000,000 in which parallel Interval is 15º and Meridian Interval is
30°.
Answer - diagram
3.Discuss the properties, uses and limitations of Polyconic map
Projections.
Answer - The polyconic projection is also known as American
polyconic or ordinary polyconic projection. The name translates into
"many cones," and it is created by lining up an infinite number of
cones along the central meridian. This affects the shape of the
meridians.
Uses: The polyconic is a somewhat unusual projection that produces
maps with a unique set of qualities. In the past, the projection was
more highly regarded than it is today. Currently, the polyconic is
considered suitable only for mapping relatively small areas near the
projection's central meridian. Other projections are considered more
suitable for mapping large areas.
Limitations: The polyconic projection is neither conformal nor equal-
area. It generally distorts shapes, areas, distances, directions, and
angles. The central meridian is free of distortion.
4.Discuss the properties, uses and limitations of Bonne's projection.
Answer- The Bonne projection maintains accurate shapes of areas
along the central meridian and the standard parallel, but
progressively distorts away from those regions.
Properties : The scale is correct along each parallel and as the
parallels are
arcs of concentric circles and the central meridian is truly divided
The scale is correct in directions perpendicular to the parallels at all
points .
The scale along the central meridian is true; along other
meridians there is exaggeration which increases away from the
central meridian.
The projection is an equal-area one.
Limitations :
Its defects are accentuated if the range of longitude s increased
Uses : it best maps "t"-shaped regions. It has been used extensively
for maps of Europe and Asia.
Unit-4

1.Draw a network of parallels and meridians for a zenithal Equi-

distant map projection on a scale of 1: 160,000,000. Graticule interval
is 15°.
Answer: diagram /
2. Discuss the principles of construction of Sinusoidal map projection.
Give the properties, limitations and use of the projection. 3 + 3 1/2 =
6 1/2.
map Projections.
Answer : diagram/
Limitations :A sinusoidal projection shows relative sizes accurately,
but distorts shapes and directions. Distortion can be reduced by
"interrupting" the map.
3. Draw a Polar Gnomonic Zenithal Projection on a scale of
1:250,000,000 with parallel interval 15 ^ prime prime and meridian
interval 30.
Answer : diagram /
4.Explain the Sinusoidal projection, its uses and limitations.
Answer - The Sinusoidal projection is a pseudocylindrical projection
that preserves accurate area relationships but distorts shape and
distance. It's often used for thematic mapping where preserving
accurate areas is important, such as for mapping distributions of
phenomena like population density or natural resources
Uses :The sinusoidal projection is appropriate for thematic world
maps although its use is not recommended. The projection has also
been used for maps of continents near the equator, like South
America and Africa, centered on their own central meridians.
Limitations :A sinusoidal projection shows relative sizes accurately,
but distorts shapes and directions. Distortion can be reduced by
"interrupting" the map.