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Week 1-Class 1-Difference Between Spelling and Pronunciation

The document discusses the differences between speech and writing systems, focusing on English. It covers topics like the difference between sounds and spellings, consonants and vowels, and syllable structures. It provides examples of pronunciation variations and outlines what will be discussed in the next class, including world Englishes and accents.

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39 views12 pages

Week 1-Class 1-Difference Between Spelling and Pronunciation

The document discusses the differences between speech and writing systems, focusing on English. It covers topics like the difference between sounds and spellings, consonants and vowels, and syllable structures. It provides examples of pronunciation variations and outlines what will be discussed in the next class, including world Englishes and accents.

Uploaded by

smile for life
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENGL345 (week 1, class I)

Difference Between Speech and Writing


Writing System and Pronunciation

• Sound (Phonetics) and spelling (Orthography) are


different.
• Logograohic systems (e.g. Chinese) versus
alphabetic systems (Roman/Latin: e.g. English, abjad
languages: Arabic, Persian & Urdu)
Difference between writing & pronunciation

➢Many sounds to one letter (<c>: s (city), k(cat), ch(much))


➢Many letters to one sound(sound in ‘I’: ‘pie’, ‘cry’, ‘nine’)
➢Silent double letters (letter, summer, winner, offer, rubber)
➢Homophones (cue and queue, dough and doe) and
homographs (Polish and polish)
Introduction to transcription- Consonants
and vowels

• The English alphabet has 21 consonants and 5 vowels: 26


alphabet letters.
• Spoken English has 24 consonants and around 20 vowels:
44 sounds.
• How are they produced?
• Where do they occur?
Difference between consonants and vowels

• Consonants are produced with a lot of constriction in the mouth.


• They occur at the beginning and end of syllables (‘sun’, ‘dog’,
‘cat’, etc)
• Vowels are made with the mouth quite open.
• They occur in the middle of syllables (before or after a
consonant, e.g. ‘sun’, ‘dog’, ‘cat’) or in isolation (e.g. ‘eye’ and
‘owe’)
CV Structures (CV= C→
consonants & V→ vowel)
SSBE CV syllable shapes SSBE CV syllable shapes

V (eye, owe, or, oh) VC (ill, at, in, on, up, am)

CV (he, me, you, see, no, do) VCC (old, ask, ant, act, eggs, and)

CCV (true, free, tree, flew) VCCC (asked)

CCCV (spree) CVC (bid, cat, cool, but, not, lamb)

CCVC (school, breed, drop, stick, climb, flute, green) CVCC (types, kind, things, cold, laughed, ramp)

CCVCC (treats, flutes, craft, draft) CVCCC (kinds, depths, ramps)

CCVCCC (crafts, drafts) CCCVCCC (strengths)

CCCVC (street, spleen) CCCVCC (strides, streets)

CVCCCC (texts, bursts, tempts) VCCCC (pre-empts) (the second syllable)


The Patterns of English Syllables (Singh and Singh, 1977, p. 190)
Exercise

• Do exercise 3 on page 14 in Knight’s book chapter 1.


For our next class, we will discuss Englishes.
World Englishes and Accents

• RP and SSBE
• Rhotic and non-rhotic accents (1.8 in (knight, 2012))
• The history and status of ‘r’ (1.8.1, (Knight, 2012))
(Chapter one in Knight 2012).
Study Questions for Next Class

• What is the difference between accent and dialect?


• What do we mean by the following:
➢Received Pronunciation (RP)
➢ BBC English
➢Cockney Dialect?
• What is Estuary English? Is it important? Why?
• What is the recommended accent in this course?
• Why is it good to concentrate on one model?
• Are some accents inferior/ superior to others?
References

Knight, R. A. (2012). Phonetics: A coursebook. Cambridge


University Press.
Roach, P. (2009). English Phonetics and Phonology Paperback with
Audio CDs (2): A Practical Course. Cambridge university press.
Singh, S. & K. Singh (1977). Phonetics: Principles and Practices.
Baltmore: University Park Press.

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