APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC

INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) FOR SITE-SELECTION OF

HAZARDOUS WASTES DISPOSAL IN ARID AREAS

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫מא‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
by
Mamdouh M. Abdeen (Ph.D)
‫ ﻣﻤﺪوح ﻋﺎﺑﺪﻳﻦ‬.‫د‬
‫اﻟﻬﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ وﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻔﻀﺎء‬
Senior Research Scientist (NARSS)
Vice President of the GSAf (N. Africa)

Delivered by
Good morning ladies and gentlemen,
I would like to thank you for your interest in hearing
the role of space and information technologies in
hazardous waste management. I also thank the
organizing committee for inviting the National
Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Science of
Egypt (NARSS) to participate and share the
discussion during the present workshop.
Due to other urgent commitments, I apology for
being not able to be with you in this very important
workshop, but I wish you a very successful
workshop and a fruitful discussion.
Mamdouh Abdeen
 ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
Introduction
What is Hazardous Waste ?
Wastes that are:

1 Toxic
1 Explosive
1 Corrosive
1 Flammable
1 Eco-toxic
1 Infectious
 Where does it come from?
ƒ Industry
ƒ Agriculture
ƒ Laboratories
ƒ Households
ƒ Mining
ƒ Oil industry
ƒ Clinics and Hospitals
ƒ Military activities
ƒ Public Services
What is Hazardous Waste ?

1 Toxic Wastes
Toxicity of waste is varied
according to:
•Kind of waste
•Quantity of waste
•Exposure time

Examples:
Wastes containing Mercury, Cadmium, Cyanides
and Antimony
 What is Hazardous Waste ?

0 Explosive Wastes
These include a wide variety
of chemically reactive waste:

• Wastes strongly react with water.

• Wastes form explosive mixture with water.

• Wastes, when mixed with water produce

toxic fumes, gases, smoke
 What is Hazardous Waste ?

# Corrosive Wastes
These include:

•Wastes with 2>PH>12

•Wastes cause Steel corrosion

6.25 m/y

Examples: Surfaces treatment solutions

 What is Hazardous Waste ?

Flammable Wastes
These include:
• Liquid Wastes containing >24%
Alc. With a Flash Point less than 60C
•Compressed gases
•Oxides and Pro-Oxides
•Wastes might ignite or flame at
normal conditions.

Examples: expired organic solvents

 What is Hazardous Waste ?

- Eco-toxic Wastes
Those wastes which
might left a permanent toxic
effect on the ecosystem
 What is Hazardous Waste ?

K Infectious Wastes
• Those resulted from secretion,
Puss, and Blood of patients and all
other staff might contaminated in
the operation room.

• It cause infectious and Bacterial

diseases as Hepatitis and Typhoid
 Why is hazardous waste a problem?

When not managed

Properly, it can cause:

ƒ Severe health problems

ƒ Poison land for decades

ƒ Make local water unsafe

ƒ Even cause death

 ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ‬

Definition of Remote Sensing Techniques

 :‫اﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ هﻮ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻟﺬى ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷهﺪاف ﺏﺪون‬
‫ﻟﻤﺴﻬﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﺏﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام أﺟﻬﺰة ﺕﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻤﺎر اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ أو‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺋﺮات‬

NOAA Landsat Spot JERS

Remote sensing is the technology by which we

obtain information about objects with out physical
contact. The term is applied to the sensors carried
out on satellites for gathering information about
earth’s surface, water and atmosphere.
 ‫أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻌﺪ واﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫‪Remote Sensing Systems and Uses‬‬

‫‪Optical Remote Sensing‬‬ ‫• أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫‪Thermal Remote Sensing‬‬ ‫• أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬

‫• أﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎر اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ )اﻟﻠﻴﺰر‪ -‬اﻟﺮادار(‬

‫‪Shortwave or Active Remote Sensing‬‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫درﺟﺎت وﺿﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬

‫‪Egypt, The Pyramids‬‬

 Resolution and Repeatability of Remote Sensing Systems

Repeatability

50 years Ground Survey

5 years Aerial Photography

3 years Space Photography

28 days SPOT

17 days LANDSAT

12 hours NOAA

30 minutes METEOSAT

Ground
0.1 m 1m 5m 10-20 m 30 m 1 km 5 km Resolution
‫א‬ ‫א‬
NOAA

„ Origin: USA
„

„ Resolution:1.1x1.1 km
„
(4bands)

„ Temporal Resolution:
„
Twice daily

„ Scale 1:1,000,000
„

Egypt
 Landsat TM 5

„ Origin : USA
„

„ Resolution: 30x30 m
„
(7 bands)

„ Temporal Resolution:
„
Every 16 days

„ Scale 1:100,000
„

Egypt, Alexandria
 Landsat ETM 7

„ Origin : USA
„

„ Resolution:
„
30x30 m
(multispectral)
15x15 m
(panchromatic)

„ Temporal Resolution:
„
Every 16 days

„ Scale 1:100,000
„
Egypt, The Pyramids
1:50,000
 Spot
SPOT Images

Origin: Resolution: Scale 1:20,000

France Multispectral 3 bands 15m x 15m
Panchromatic 10m x 10m
 IRS_1D

„ Origin : Indian
„

„ Resolution:
„
5.8x5.8 m

„ Temporal Resolution:
„
Every 45 days

„ Scale 1:25,000
„
KVR 1000

„ Origin : Russian
„
„ Resolution: 2x2 m
„
„ Temporal Resolution:
„
Mission
„ Scale 1:10,000
„
Egypt, Cairo
 IKONOS

„Origin : USA
„

„Resolution: 1x1 m
„

„Temporal
„
Resolution:
11 days

„Scale 1:5,000
„
 IKONOS

„Origin : USA

„ Resolution: 4 x 4 m
(4 bands)

„ Scale 1:20,000
 QuickBird

„ Nationality: USA

„ Resolution:
0.7m x 0.7m
Panchromatic

„Temporal Resolution:
Alexandria
5 days

„ Scale 1:2,500
 QuickBird

„Origin : USA

„ Resolution:
4m x 4 m
(Multispectral)
(4 bands)

„ Scale 1:15,000
 A- Optical Landsat TM Image
of the Kom Ombo Area

B- SIR-C Radar Image of the

Kom Ombo Area

Radar
Integration between Radar
different tools
MODIS

Field
Landsat
Investigation
‫اﻟﺼﻮر ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻷﺑﻌـــﺎد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺪن‬
‫اﻟﺼﻮر ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻷﺑﻌـــﺎد ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺪن‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻨﺸﺄة ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎهﺮة‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺴﻤﺎت ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻷﺑﻌـــﺎد ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﺴﻤﺎت ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ اﻷﺑﻌـــﺎد‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﺎري‬
 ‫دﻣﺞ درﺟﺎت اﻟﻮﺿﻮح‬
Ð Landsat TM7
Ð Ð Landsat TM7
Ð
30 m 15 m

Í Resolution
Í Resolution Merge
Merge
Í Multi-spectral
Í Multi-spectral 15
15 m
m
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬

‫‪Egypt, New Cairo‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺘﺎﺑﻌـــﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴــــﺔ‬
Egyptian
Satellite
Coverage
 ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺔ‬
Definition of Geographical Information Systems
 GIS ‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻲ‬
A decision support system involving the
integration of spatially referenced data in a
problem solving environment.
         
 
The system is a computer-based tools for
capturing, storing, retrieving, analysing and
displaying data.
        
     
 What is a GIS?
• An integration of five basic components

Procedures

A
 ‫‪GIS functions‬‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫‪Capture‬‬ ‫‪Analyze‬‬
‫ﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬

‫‪Store‬‬ ‫‪Display‬‬
‫ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻋﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬

‫‪Query‬‬ ‫‪Output‬‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻭﺠﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ‬
 Capturing data

Paper maps Digital data

GIS
Data
480585.5, 3769234
483194.1, 3768432
485285.8, 3768391
484327.3, 3768565
483874.7, 3769823

Coordinates GPS
 Organizing spatial data
• A GIS works with thematic layers of spatial data

• Answer questions by comparing different layers of

data
 Data Analysis
Which parcels are within 50 feet of the road?

• Proximity

Well type Drilled

Building owner Smith
Soil type Sandy
• Overlay

• Network
 Display Data
Graphs
Maps

Reports
 Data Output
Paper map Internet

GIS
Image Data Document
 ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻟﺪﻓﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺮﺓ‬

Application of geographic information

systems (GIS) for site-selection of
hazardous wastes disposal
 Site Selection Criteria ‫ﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﺍﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﻗﻊ‬
Input Layers ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻼﺕ‬
1- Property Boundary 10- Biodiversity
2- Distance from Airports 11- Distance to Industrial Process
3- Distance from Schools and Dwelling Water
4- Distance to Primary Highways 12- Floodplains
5- Distance to Public Parks 13- National Historic and Landmarks
6- Distance to Cities and Towns 14- Wild and Scenic Rivers
7- Local Zoning and Land-use 15- Endangered Species
8- Distance to Drinking Water Sources 16- Winter Range/Breeding Ground
9- Distance to Surface Water and 17- Geology (Faults, unstable areas,
Environmentally Sensitive Areas karst areas, areas susceptible to
a- Distance to Lakes and Ponds mass movements , avalanche,
b- Distance to Rivers or Streams soils
c- Wetlands d- Coastal Features 18- Distance and Capacity of the Site
‫‪Procedures‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺣﺼﺮ وﺟﻤﻊ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻻﺧﺘﻴﺎر أﻧﺴﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ )ﻓﻲ أي ﺻﻮرة(‬
‫‪Compilation of Relevant Data in All Forms (Maps, Reports,‬‬
‫)‪Tables, CD Digital‬‬

‫‪digitizing‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت إﻟﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت رﻗﻤﻴﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻟﻠﻈﺎهﺮات اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫‪(urban areas, roads, utilities, topography, drainage, geology,‬‬
‫)‪structure,etc.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ إﻟﻰ ‪GIS-ready Format‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت وﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻤﻮذج ﻻﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎد اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺔ واﺧﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻣﻊ إﻋﻄﺎﺋﻬﺎ وزن ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪Ranking the Availability of the Different Sites for Hazardous‬‬
‫‪Waste Disposal‬‬
 Mokatam Area, Cairo
-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 325000 330000 335000 340000 345000 350000
10000 10000

3325000

3325000
8000 8000

3320000

3320000
6000 6000

3315000

3315000
4000 4000

2000 2000

3310000

3310000
0 0
-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
325000 330000 335000 340000 345000 350000

300000 0 300000 Miles

Aerial Photo Topographic map

 Eelevation point
325000 330000 335000 340000 345000 350000
# N
96#
# 167
128
# W E
159
3325000 # 3325000
# 148
175 S
#
# 251 # 166
152
##
204
198
# # # 201
156 193 196 167 215
# # #
#
# # 154
184 192
##
201
134 ## 192 # 220
#
141 185
# #
#
# 207 # 186 # 192 # 192
# 235 230
204
3320000
#
102
##
69
82
#
205 193 3320000 # Elevation point
# #
115 # #
127199
# 194
#
107 # 193
#
148 #
202
64 # 107 # #
118138
#
#
51 91 #
#
#
95# # 117127 # # # 174
52#
65 94 179 # 176
138 # # 247
# # 95 142
# 240
#
34 97 # 83 # 93
#
175# 193 #
223
3315000 # #
56104 #
206 # # 3315000
# # 151 # 53
# 34 # #
124 # #143# 103
# 31 94# 149165 166 #
19 124#
158 # #
136 # # 372
# 188
164 164# 186
#
#
25 67 #
#
# 177
#
163 #
205 208
#151 #
255 #381
143 # 273#
# 285# #294
#
21# 23 # #
12572
# # 163
#
220 281292 297
# 145 #
# 235# 98
21 # 21# 23
# # 23
# 271
#
#
21 22
#
#
57 172 #
291
#
205
#
22 # 27 #
22 25 # 395 # 283
256 #
# 296 # 217
# # #
3310000
#
24 3412 #
245 3310000
# 23 # 221 325 #
21 # # 248# 273
# # #
# 191 223 # 29
#183 259 230 274
193
# #
300 225#
# #245
#
#
250
#
176
# 145272
314 #
264
# 153 # # 206 #
212
22 #
23 # 49 #
29142
#
#
151 191
325000 330000 335000 340000 345000 350000

500000 0 500000 Kilometers

‫ﻧﻤﻮذج اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ‪DEM‬‬ ‫‪Shaded Relief Map‬‬
 Contour and DEM MAP
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

500 500

400 400
LEGEND

contour line
300 300
50 _100m
100 _150m

150_200m
200 200
200_250m

250_<m

100 100

0 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
10000 0 10000 Kilometers
Edges map
 DRAINGE PATTERN
2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

N
4000 4000

W E

3000 3000

legend

2000 2000 order 1

order 2

order 3

order 4

1000 1000 order 5

order 6

0 0
2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

800 0 800 Kilometers

 Urban Areas
325000 330000 335000 340000 345000 350000 N
#

#
# W E

159 #
S
3325000 148 #
3325000
#

251 166 #
#
152 # 175
204 #
#
193
#
167

legend
# #
# # #

156 196 154 #

# #
#
#
# #
#

192
#
#
141
#

207 # 186 #
#
# #

3320000
#
205
#
#
3320000
102
69
# #

82
115 #
127 #
199 #
#
193
#
235 #
Elevatin
#

#
#
# 202
# #
64
Road
#
51 #
95
#
#

#
#
#
#
174 #
65 #
# #
#
247 #

52 95 # 94 #
#
34 #
193
Urban
# # #

93 # # #

3315000 56
# 97 3315000
34 # # # #

94 53
#
31 #
#
#

19 #
# #
#
158
# # #
#

208
# #

Contour line
# # #
# # #
#
#
25 # #

67
#
#
255 #
#
#
21
# #
# # #
72 163 #
# #
297 #

21
#
# #
# #
#
23 273 #
#
#

#
#
#
57 #
# # 98
# 23 22 #
256 #
#
#
12
# # #
#

3310000
# # #
3310000 22
#

24
#
#
29
#

27
# 191 # #
#
#
#

34
#
# # # #
23 21 183
#
# #
# #
# # # #
#

22
# #

23
# #
#
49 #
153
# #
#
#

325000 330000 335000 340000 345000 350000

300000 0 300000 600000 Kilometers
 ‫‪RISK MAP‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﻄﺮة ﻟﻮﺟﻮدهﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺁﻣﻨﺔ‬

‫ا ﺳﻔﻞ ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺤﻮاف‬

‫‪LEGEND‬‬
‫‪URBAN‬‬
‫‪Contour LINE‬‬
‫‪Road‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪Danger‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎء‬
‫‪AREA CAN BE DEVELOPED‬‬
‫‪SAVE AREA‬‬
‫‪V.DANGER AREA‬‬
‫‪V.V.DANGER AREA‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺧﻄﺮة ﺟﺪًا ﻟﻮﺟﻮد اﻟﺤﻮاف وﻣﺼﺒﺎت اﻷودﻳﺔ‬

‫واﻟﺼﺪ وع واﻹﻧﻜﺴﺎرات‬

‫‪300000‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪300000 Kilometers‬‬

‫اوﻻ ‪ -:‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻄﺒﻮﻏﺮاﻓﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ‪layers‬‬
‫اوﻻ‪Urban -:‬‬
Roads -:‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
Utilities ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬
Drainage :‫راﺑﻌﺎ‬
Contours :‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬
Canals :‫ﺳﺎدﺳﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻓﻰ ‪DAK‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺨﺮاﺋﻂ‬
 Development of Built up area using Remot Sensing and GIS ( Zagazig Center )

351000 360000 369000

Legend N

W E
Roads : S
3393000 3393000 dual road
main paved road
secondary unpaved road
unpaved road
track
railway track
Utline :
Electric
Drains :
more than 25m
3384000 3384000 from 10 to 25m
from 5 to 10m
Contour :
Contour

Canal :
more than 25m
from 10_25m
from 5_10m
3375000 3375000 Urban :
Urban 1976
Urban 1990
351000 360000 369000

4 0 4 8 Kilometers
 Development of Built up area by Remot sencing and GIS in Zagazig city

344000 352000 360000 368000

3392000 3392000

Legend

Urban 1976
3384000 3384000

Urban 1990

3376000 3376000

344000 352000 360000 368000

300000 0 300000 Miles

 Change detection of urban (1976_1990)

345000 350000 355000 360000 365000 370000

3395000 3395000

3390000 3390000

3385000 3385000

Legend
Change urban
3380000 3380000

3375000 3375000

345000 350000 355000 360000 365000 370000

200000 0 200000
400000
600000 Kilometers
Thank you...

Mamdouh Abdeen