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Revised Exercise 3 2021

The document discusses two methods for studying inherited human traits: pedigree analysis and karyotype analysis. It provides examples of pedigrees and karyotypes to analyze inheritance patterns and identify chromosome abnormalities. The objectives are to determine Mendelian inheritance patterns in humans, construct pedigrees, and perform karyotype analysis to identify unknown abnormalities.

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34 views

Revised Exercise 3 2021

The document discusses two methods for studying inherited human traits: pedigree analysis and karyotype analysis. It provides examples of pedigrees and karyotypes to analyze inheritance patterns and identify chromosome abnormalities. The objectives are to determine Mendelian inheritance patterns in humans, construct pedigrees, and perform karyotype analysis to identify unknown abnormalities.

Uploaded by

aizeh9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEONILLO, LEIZA-MEI L.

CAS 2-C
JURIAL, SHERLYN P.
Laboratory Exercise 3
Mendelian Laws and Human Traits

Many traits in humans are governed by genes that follow simple Mendelian
inheritance. However, methods by which human traits are analyzed differ from
those in plants and animals. Humans have limited number of offsprings. For the
entire reproductive life of a married woman, she can have an average of 2-4
children. In contrast, plants can yield sufficient number of seeds for one generation
necessary for genetic studies. Humans also take a much longer time than plants
and animals in terms of the onset of reproduction. Age of puberty averages 15-18
years. Topping all these difficulties for genetic research in humans is the capability
of people to think and decide. No human being would prefer to subject himself to
rigorous experimental conditions even if there is money involved.

It is fortunate that advances in the field of medicine and other fields related to
Genetics enable man to have a good understanding of his biochemical, anatomical,
physiological, and morphological composition. Technical innovations for studying
the human body have provided tremendous insights on the inheritance of some
specific traits including human abnormalities involving genes and chromosomes.

Two methods which are used for studying simply inherited human traits are
Pedigree and Karyotype Analyses. The exercise focuses on the application of these
two methods in analyzing some of the common traits in humans governed by simple
Mendelian inheritance.

Objectives

At the end of the exercise, students are expected to be able to:

1) determine the pattern of inheritance of some human traits;

2) construct a pedigree and analyze pattern of transmission of a trait the


student and his family expresses; and,

3) perform karyotype analysis on an unknown human abnormality.


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Figure 5. Normal karyotype of a human male (http://www.homepage.


mac.com/wildlifeweb/cyto/human/HSA550.gif)

Learning Activities:

A. Practice of Pedigree Analysis

1. Presented below are two pedigrees of a human trait. Analyze the pattern of
transmission of the trait and determine the pattern of inheritance involved and
the appropriate genotypes of all individuals.

a) I

II

III
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b) I

II

III

2. Hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait characterized by the failure of the blood


to clot. Determine the probability of having a hemophilic daughter from a mating
involving a normal female carrier and a hemophilic male. Construct the pedigree
for this case with the appropriate genotypes of each individual. Assume two
daughters and two sons for the second and third generation

B. Karyotype Analysis

Please see attached handout. Work on the two cases of chromosome abnormality
by cutting out the individual chromosomes and pasting each by the correct pair on a
clean bond paper. After completing all pairs, discover if there is any missing or
additional copies of specific chromosome. Compare your karyotype with the given
normal human karyotype to determine the disorder. After getting the right
chromosome abnormality, write its name and describe with pictures and symptoms.

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