GEOGRAPHY

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

CHAPTER-RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

1. Name the piedmont plains where alluvial soils is commonly found in India-
A) Bangar
B) Mahanadi plains
C) Duars, Chos and Terai
D) None of the above

2. Black soil is commonly found in

A) Deccan trap region

B) Kashmir valley
C) Northern plains
D) None of the above

3. Laterite soil is very useful for growing

A) Tea, Coffee and cashew nut
B) Rice, Wheat and mustard
C) Pulses, sugar cane and Maze
D) None of the above

4. Read the following features of a soil and name the related soil
a) Develops in high rainfall area
b) intense teaching process takes place
c) Humus content is low

choose the correct option

(A) a) Laterite b) Arid c) regur
(B) a) Regur b) Regur c) regur
(C) a) Laterite b) Regur c) red and yellow
(D) a) Laterite b) Laterite c) Laterite

1
5. The shaded region in the outline map of India represents which soil type.

A) Laterite soil
B) Mountain soil
C) Black soil
D) Alluvial soil

6. This soil is ranged from red to brown in colour and is generally sandy in texture
and saline in nature. Identify the soil

A) Laterite soil
B) Arid soil
C) Black soil
D) Red and yellow soil

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7. This soil is found in the plateaus of Maharashtra, this soil is well known for their
capacity to hold moisture and made of extremely fine particles.

A) Laterite soil C) Red and yellow soil

B) Black soil D) Forest soil

8. The area covering states like Uttar Pradesh & Bihar is the
soil type

A) Black soil
B) Alluvial soil
C) Forest soil
D) Laterite soil

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9. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer from the codes given
below the lists:
List 1 List 2
A. Bewar 1. Odisha
B. Penda 2. Jharkhand
C. Koman 3. Andhra Pradesh
D. Kuruwa 4. Madhya Pradesh

A) 3, 4, 2, 1 B) 4, 3, 2, 1
C) 4, 3, 1, 2 D) 3, 4 1 2

10. Match the following:-

Column A Column B
A. Shelter belts i) Deep channels
B. Bad land ii) Planting lines of trees to create shelter
C. Sheet erosion iii) Land unfit for cultivation
D. Gullies iv) Water flows as a sheet over large areas
A) A (ii), B (iii), C (iv), D (i)
B) A (iii), B (ii), C (i), D (iv)
C) A (ii), B (i), C (iii), D (iv)
D) A (iii), B (iv), C (i), D (ii)

11. Match the following

Column A Column B
a) Primitive subsistence farming i) Labour intensive
b) Commercial farming ii) An example of commercial
farming
c) Intensive subsistence farming iii) Slash and burn agriculture
d) Plantation Cultivation iv) High doses of modern inputs

A) A(ii), B (iii), C(iv), D (i)

B) A (iii), B(ii), C(i), D(iv)
C) A (ii), B(i), C(iii), D(iv)
D) A (iii), B(iv), C(i), D(ii)
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12. Study the following pie diagram and answer the following-

What percentage increase is seen in area under forest in the year 2014-15 from base
year 1960-61?

A) 5.19
B) 3
C) 4.1
D) 5.16

13. What percentage of our land should be under forest according to the
National Forest Policy (1952)?

(A) 33
(B) 31
(C) 22
(D) 30

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14. Indiscriminate use of resources has led to global ecological crisis. Which of
the following is NOT associated with the statement?
A) land degradation
B) Ozone layer maintenance
C) Environmental pollution
D) Global warming

15. Interpret the following pie diagram and answer the following question-

What is the significance of 43 percent land under plains?

A) It provides facilities for agriculture and industry
B) It provides facilities for tourism
C) It ensures perennial flow of some river
D) It possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests.

16. Which of the following is correctly matched?

A B
i) Individual Resources: A) Village commons ,grazing
grounds, burial grounds
ii). Community Owned Resources: B) own plots, houses, cars
iii). National Resources: C) roads, canals, railways
iv). International Resources D) open ocean
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 A) i)-C ,ii) -D, iii)-B, iv)-A
B) i)-D ,ii) -B, iii)-A, iv)-C
C) i)-B ,ii) -A, iii)-C, iv)-D
D) i)-A ,ii) -C, iii)-B, iv)-D

17. Which of the following is NOT correctly matched?

A B
i)On the basis of origin A) Flora and fauna
ii) On the basis of exhaustibility B) renewable and non-renewable
iii) On the basis of ownership C) individual, community, national
and international
iv) On the basis of status of D) potential, developed stock and
development reserves.

A) Only i-A
B) Only ii-B
C) ii-B and iii-C
D) iii –C and iv-D

18. Observe the following image given below-

Transformation of things available in our environment involves an interactive

relationship between .................................................................. ?

A). Nature and technology

B). Nature, technology and institutions
C). Nature and institutions
D). Environment and human beings

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19. What can be called a resource?
A. Human environment
B. Man Made products
C. Extracts from environment that are technologically accessible, economically
feasible and culturally acceptable
D. Anything from which a product can be manufactured

20. What are fallow lands?

A. Land left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year
B. Land under miscellaneous tree crops groves
C. Land put to non-agricultural uses
D. Wastelands

21. Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is
known as:

A. Net sown area

B. Forest area
C. fallow area
D. Gross cropped area

22. How can we solve the problems of land degradation ?

A. Afforestation
B. More agriculture crops
C. Try to grow plants in mountain areas
D. Keep away from agriculture land

23. TRUE/ FALSE

Statement 1-Ninety-five per cent of our basic needs for food, shelter and
clothing are obtained from land.
Statement 2- Land is an utmost important natural resources supporting
vegetation, wild life, human life, etc.

A. Only Statement 1 is true

B. Only Statement 2 is true
C. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are true
D. Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are false

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24. TRUE/ FALSE
Statement 1- Potential resources are the subset of the stock, which can be put
into use with the help of existing technical ‗know-how‘ but their
use has not been started.
Statement 2- Potential resources are a type of natural resource that exist in a
region and may be used in the future.

A. Only Statement 1 is true

B. Only Statement 2 is true
C. Statement 1 is true but Statement 2 is false
D. Statement 2 is true but Statement 1 is false

25. There is enough for everybody‘s need and not for anybody's greed,‘‘ who
among the following has given the above statement?

A. Vinoba Bhave
B. Mahatma Gandhi
C. Jawaharlal Nehru
D. Narendra Modi

26. Human beings have indiscriminately used resources which have. This has
led to which of the following major problems.
A) Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of a few individuals.
B) Accumulation of resources in few hands, which, divided the society
into two segments i.e. haves and have nots
C) Both A) and B)
D) None of the above

27. Pick out the cause (from below) that enhances environmental degradation
A) Planting of trees
B.check on grazing
C. Ban on use of plastic bags.
D. Allowing increase in the level of exhaust fumes emitted by cars, buses,
trucks, etc
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28. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?
1. Red soils are red not because of the diffusion of iron.
2. Black soils can retain moisture for a long time.
3. Laterite soils is a result of intense leaching owing to heavy rains

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) All the above

29. Which of the following are correct about mountain soils?

1. Mountain soils are characterised by deposition of organic materials
derived from vegetative cover.
2. They are heterogenous in nature
3. They are immature soils
4. They are clayey
A) 1 and 2 only
B) 2, 3 and 4 only
C) 1, 2, 3 and 4
D) 1, 2 and 3 only

30. The land left uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years is referred to as
A) Current fallow
B) Fallow
C) Culturable waste
D) Permanent pasture

31. In the upper and Middle Ganga plain, two different types of alluvial soils have
developed, viz, Khadar and Bhangar. Consider the following statements about these
soil types and choose the correct ones.
1. Khadar is the new alluvium while Bhangar represents a system of older
alluvium.
2. Khadar soil contains calcareous concretions while Bhangar soil
completely lacks it.
3. The sand content in these soil decreases from west to east.

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 A) 1, 2 and 3
B) 1 and 2
C) 2 and 3
D) 1 and 3

32. The lower horizon of soil are occupied by Kankar due to increasing
A) Magnesium content
B) Potash and lime
C) Calcium content
D) Phosphoric

33. The texture of soil varies according to the mountain environment. They are loamy
and silty in valley sides and coarse grained in the upper slopes
Identify the soil?
A) Red and yellow soil –
B) Laterite soil
C) Forest soil
D) Arid soil

34. RAVINES refers to the

A) Bad land created at Godavari valley
B) Bad land created at Kullu valley
C) Bad land created at Chambal valley
D) None of the above

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 ANSWERS

Q. NO. ANS. Q. NO. ANS.

1 C) 18 B)
2 A) 19 C)
3 A) 20 A)
4 D) 21 D)
5 D) 22 A)
6 B) 23 C)
7 B) 24 D)
8 B) 25 B)
9 C) 26 C)
10 A) 27 D)
11 D) 28 A)
12 A) 29 D)
13 A) 30 C)
14 B) 31 D)
15 D) 32 C)
16 C) 33 C)
17 A) 34 C)

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 CHAPTER- AGRICULTURE

1. Facilities like irrigation,, awareness about modern techniques of agriculture, kissan

credit cards, provision of crop insurance, personal accident insurance scheme, special
weather bulletins and minimum support price are all a part of

(A) Technical and institutional measures

(B) Input measures
(C) Physical measures
(D) Human resources

2. . Complete the following table with correct information with regard to cultivation
of Rubber :

Type of Crop Annual Temperature required for its

Rubber rainfall growth
required ( in degrees ).
( in cm )
A- ? 200 cm. B- ?

(A) A- Food crop ; B- Above 40°C

(B) A- Non- Food crop; B- Above 25°C
(C) A- Non- Food crop; B- Above 35°C
(D) A- Food crop ; B- Above 20°C

3. Match the following items given in column I with those in column II.

Column I Column II
A. Bajra 1. Black soil.
B. Cotton 2. Old alluvial soil
C. Maize 3. Well drained fertile soil
D. Jute 4. Sandy or Shallow black soil.

(A) A(1), B(4), C(2), D(3)

(B) A(4), B(1), C(2), D(3)
(C) A(4), B(3), C(2), D(1)
(D) A(1), B(2), C(3), D(4)

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4. Which of the following crop is not a millet ?

(A) Jowar
( B ) Maize
( C) Ragi
( D) Bajra

5. Complete the following table with correct information with regard to cultivation
of Cotton :

Cultivation season Temperature required for Soil in which it

its growth grows
Cotton ( in degrees ).
A- ? High B-?

(A) A- Kharif B- Black soil

(B) A- Rabi B-Black soil
(C) A -Zaid B- Alluvial soil
(D) A-Rabi B- Alluvial Soil

6. India has three cropping seasons: Rabi , kharif and Zaid, Rabi crops are sown in
winter from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June.
Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the
country and these are harvested in September- October. In between the rabi and the
kharif seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the
Zaid season. Analyse the information given above and consider one of the
following as the correct option:-

( A ) Commercial farming
( B) Major seasons
( C) Farming practices
( D) Cropping pattern

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15
7.

Name the crop shown in the image.

A.Wheat B.Rice
C. Maize D. Pulses

8.

As per the map given which among the following is a minor area of rice production?

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A.Bihar B.Haryana
C.West Bengal D.Assam.

9.

The crop in the picture is the main source of

A.gur
B.molasses
C.khandsari
D.all the above.

10.

What type of agriculture is the picture portraying?

A.primitive subsistence farming
B.intensive subsistence farming
C.commercial farming
D.slash and burn farming

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18
11. Which one of the statements is incorrect as regards to commercial farming?
A) crops are grown for sale
B) Family involved is growing crops
C) Practiced in large land holdings
D) Use of higher doses of modern inputs

12. Karnataka is famous for which plantation crops

A) sugarcane
B) Tea
C) jute
D) coffee

13. Choose the correct option for the riddle-

―I require high doses of biochemical.
I am practiced in areas of high population.
I produce good Yield with irrigation facilities.‖
A) Intensive farming
B) Primitive subsistence farming
C) Commercial farming
D) All of the above

ANSWERS

Q. NO. ANS. Q. NO. ANS.

1 A) 8 B)
2 B) 9 D)
3 B) 10 C)
4 B) 11 B)
5 A) 12 D)
6 D) 13 A)
7 B)

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20
 CHAPTER- WATER (only Maps)

1. The place marked (A) in the map shows a multipurpose project that has become a cause of
many new social movements.

A. Bhakra Nangal
B. Sardar Sarovar dam
C. Hirakud dam
D. Nagarjuna Sagar dam

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2. Bon the given map of India shows the second tallest dam in Asia. Name the river
on which it is built from the given options.

A. Ravi
B. Beas
C. Sutlej
D. Jhelum

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3. Ifyou intend to visit Hirakud dam marked on the map as A, which one
following states are you going to ?

A. Tamil Nadu
B. Rajasthan
C. Telangana
D. Odisha

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4. Name the Multipurpose project marked as A in the map, built on Chenab river in
Jammu and Kashmir.

A. Rana Pratap sagar

B. Tehri dam
C. Salal project
D. Bhakra Nangal project

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5. One of the oldest dams built on a tributary of river Krishna is marked as
A, Write the name in the blank .

A. Nagarjuna Sagar
B. Tungabhadra
C. Hirakud
D. Rana Pratap Sagar

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 ANSWERS

Q. NO. ANS.
1 B
2 C
3 D
4 C
5 B

26
 ASSERTION AND REASONING

CHAPTER- RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

DIRECTION: Mark the option which is most suitable:

(A) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(B) If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(D) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false.

1 . ASSERTION (A): Public parks, picnic spots, playgrounds in urban areas are
community owned resources.
REASON (R): They are accessible to all the people living there.

2. ASSERTION (A):. Land is a resource of utmost importance.

REASON (R): Land can be used for various purposes like agriculture and industry.

3. ASSERTION (A) : Nonrenewable resources are classified as continuous and

biological resources.
REASON(R): Wind is the example of continuous or flow resource.

4. ASSERTION (A): Agenda 21 was signed in1992 in Rio de Janeiro

REASON(R): Sustainable development focused on utilization of resources.

5. ASSERTION (A): All the resources belong to the nation.

REASON(R): International institutions regulate the oceanic resources beyond 200
nautical miles of the Exclusive Economic Zone.

27
6. ASSERTION (A) : Human beings themselves are essential components of
resources.
REASON(R): They transform material available in our environment into
resources and use them.

7. ASSERTION (A): Biotic Resources are obtained from biosphere and have life such
as human beings, flora and fauna.

REASON(R): Abiotic Resources are those things which are composed of non- living
things, for example, rocks, air and metals.

8. ASSERTION (A): Individual Resources are owned privately by individuals like

cars, houses, lands.
REASON(R): Community resources are accessible to all the members of the
community like burial grounds, village ponds etc.

9. ASSERTION (A): Resources are not vital for any developmental activity.
REASON(R) : Excessive consumption and over utilization of resources may lead
to socio-economic and environmental problems.

10. ASSERTION (A): Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for the
development of wind and solar energy, but so far these have not been
developed properly
REASON(R) : Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy
human needs but human beings do not have the appropriate technology to
access these, are included among developed resources.

11. ASSERTION (A): Arid soil is found in Rajasthan and West Bengal.
REASON(R): These areas have dry climate and high temperature.

12. ASSERTION (A): Ploughing along the contour lines decelerates the flow of
water down the slopes and controls soil erosion.
REASON (R): Soil erosion is the washing away of top layer of soil or
denudation of soil cover.

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13. ASSERTION (A ): Alluvial soils are very fertile
REASON (R) : Mostly these soils contain adequate proportion of potash,
phosphoric acid, and lime

14. ASSERTION (A): Arid soil is unsuitable for cultivation .

REASON(R) : Arid soil is sandy in texture and saline in nature.

15. ASSERTION (A): Terrace cultivation is done in plains.

REASON(R) : Running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep
channels as gullies. The land becomes good for cultivation of crops.

16. ASSERTION (A): The black soils are made up of extremely fine ie, clayey
material.

REASON(R) : They are well known for their capacity to hold moisture.

CHAPTER-AGRICULTURE

17. ASSERTION (A): Primitive Subsistence Farming is practiced in areas of high

population pressure on land
REASON(R) : This type of farming depends on monsoon.

18. ASSERTION (A): Primitive Subsistence Farming is also called ‗Slash and Burn‘
agriculture.
REASON(R) : Farmers clear a patch of land for cultivation. When this piece of
land loses its fertility, another piece of land is cleared for plantation.

19. ASSERTION (A): Land productivity is low in Primitive Subsistence Farming.

REASON(R) : It is labor-intensive farming, where high doses of biochemical
inputs and irrigation are used

20. ASSERTION (A): Commercial Farming uses higher doses of modern inputs.
REASON(R) : Commercial Farming is done on a large piece of land

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30
21. ASSERTION (A): Primitive Subsistence Farming is practiced in very few parts of
India
REASON(R): This type of farming mainly depends on monsoon and natural
fertility of soil.

22. ASSERTION (A): First staple food crop of India is rice. In areas of less
rainfall,it grows well with the help of irrigation.
REASON(R): Our country is the fourth largest producer of rice in the world.

23. ASSERTION (A): Pulses are considered as a major source of protein in a

vegetarian diet.
REASON(R): Being leguminous crops they help in restoring the soil fertility by
fixing nitrogen from the air.

24. ASSERTION (A): Tea cultivation is a labor-intensive industry.

REASON(R): It requires abundant, cheap and skilled labour to pluck the tender
leaves throughout the year.

25. ASSERTION (A): Organic farming is much in vogue.

REASON (R): In organic farming crops are grown using high doses of chemical
fertilizers and insecticides.

26. ASSERTION (A): Pulses are grown in rotation with other crops.
REASON(R): It helps in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air.

27. ASSERTION (A): Cotton cannot be grown in Assam.

REASON(R): The crop needs bright sunshine and 210 frost free days
for its growth.

28. ASSERTION (A): In the 1980s and 1990s a comprehensive land development
programme was initiated which included both institutional and technological
reforms.
REASON(R): Green revolution was based on the use of package Technology.

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 ANSWERS

Q. NO. ANS. Q. NO. ANS.

1 A) 15 D)

2 A) 16 B)

3 D) 17 D)

4 B) 18 A)

5 B) 19 C)

6 A) 20 B)

7 B) 21 A)

8 B) 22 C)

9 D) 23 B)

10 C) 24 A)

11 A) 25 C)

12 B) 26 A)

13 A) 27 A)

14 A) 28 B)

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33
CASE STUDY QUESTIONS
CHAPTER- RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

1 .Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow-

Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too
have contributed significantly in land degradation. Mining sites are abandoned after
excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of over-burdening. In states like
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to mining have
caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and
Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states of
Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation
due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the The mineral
processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for
ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of
infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial
effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of
the country have contributed significantly in land degradation.There are many ways to solve
the problems of land degradation. Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help
to some extent. Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on over grazing, stabilisation of
sand dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the methods to check land degradation in
arid areas. Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities, proper discharge
and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can reduce land and water
degradation in industrial and suburban areas.

1.1 . The cause of land degradation has been

A) deforestation
B) overgrazing
C) mining
D) all of the above

1.2 Deforestation due to mining has caused severe land degradation in which of
the following states?
A) Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
B) Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha
C) Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Odisha
D) Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal and Nagaland

34
1.3. In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, reason for land
degradation is
A) over irrigation
B) overgrazing
C) water logging
D) over mining

1.4 Some of the methods to check land degradation in arid areas are
A) Proper management of waste lands
B) control of mining activities
C) proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes aftertreatment
D) Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on overgrazing, stabilisation
of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes

2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
In Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, In June 1992, more than 100 heads of states met in Rio
de Janeiro in Brazil, for the first International Earth Summit. The Summit was convened
for addressing urgent problems of environmental protection and socio economic
development at the global level. The assembled leaders signed the Declaration on
Global Climatic Change and Biological Diversity. The Rio Convention endorsed the
global Forest Principles and adopted Agenda 21 for achieving Sustainable Development
in the 21st century.
Agenda 21- It is the declaration signed by world leaders in 1992 at the United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), which took place at Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil. It aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to
combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global co-operation on
common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities. One major objective of the
Agenda 21 is that every local government should draw its own local Agenda 21.

2.1 The Earth Summit June 1992 was convened

A) to address the problem of environmental protection
B ) to address the problem of socio economic development
C) to endorse the Global Forest Principles
D) all of the above

35
 2.2. Significant contribution which was made at the Earth Summit at Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil in 1992 was
A) Sustainable development
B) Resource conservation
C) Resource planning
D) Land degradation

2.3 was adopted for achieving Sustainable Development at the Rio

Convention in the 21st century.
A) Agenda 21
B) Tackling industrial effluents
C) The global Forest Principles
D) Global Climatic Change

2.4 Which one of the following is NOT a part of Agenda 21?

A) combat environmental damages

B) Reduce poverty
C) control on diseases
D) to fight terrorism

3. Read the text given below and answer the questions that follow:
The village of Jhabua and the district of Jhabua have shown that it is possible to reverse
land degradation. Tree density in Jhabua increased from 13 per hectare in 1976 to 1,272 per
hectare in 1992; Regeneration of the environment leads to economic well-being, as a result
of greater resource availability improved agriculture and animal care, and consequently
increased incomes.
Average annual household income in Jhabua ranged from Rs 10,000-15,000 between1979
and 1984; people‘s management is essential for ecological restoration. With people being
made the decision-makers by the Madhya Pradesh government, 2.9million hectares or about
1 per cent of India‘s land area, are being greened across the state through watershed
management.

3.1 The village Sukhomanjiri is located in the state of

Uttaranchal
Andhra Pradesh
Rajasthan
Madhya Pradesh

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3.2 Which one of the following is not helpful to reverse land degradation?

Using high doses of fertilizers.

Practicing crop rotation.
Permaculture
Developing Agro Forestry.

3.3 Benefits of Ecological Restoration …………….

Helps to solve challenges of water security
Helps to solve challenges of food.
Helps in securing livelihoods and well-being.
All of the above.

3.2 Which one of the following is not part of Watershed management?

A. Percolation ponds
B. Canals with cement lining.
C. Check dams and Gully
D. Diversion Drains.

4. Read the text given below and answer the questions that follow:
This is the most widely spread and important Soil. In fact, the entire northern plains are
made of alluvial soil. These have been deposited by three important Himalayan River
systems– the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. These soils also extend in Rajasthan
and Gujarat through a narrow corridor Alluvial soil is also found in the eastern coastal
plains particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri
river

4.1). Name the soil which is being described in the above paragraph
A) Black soil
B) Alluvial soil
C) Laterite soil
D) Forest soil

4.2). The soil mentioned in the para is

A) Very dry
B) Rocky
C) Very fertile
D) Red in colour

37
4.3) This soil is mainly good for cultivation of
A) Sugar cane
B) Paddy
C)Wheat
D) All of the above

4.4) This soil is found in

A) Northern coastal plains

B) Eastern coastal plains
C) Southern coastal plains
D) Western coastal plains

ANSWERS

1 2 3 4
Q1 D B A D
Q2 D A A D
Q3 D A D A
Q4 B C B B

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39
 CHAPTER- AGRICULTURE
1. Read the text given below and answer the questions that follow:
Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the
pace of agricultural development. Inspite of development of sources of irrigation most of the
farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in order
to carry on their agriculture. For a growing population, this poses a serious challenge.
Agriculture which provides livelihood for more than 60 per cent of its population, needs
some serious technical and institutional reforms. Thus, collectivization, consolidation of
holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about
institutional reforms in the country after Independence. ‗Land reform‘ was the main focus of
our First Five Year Plan. The right of inheritance had already lead to fragmentation of land
holdings necessitating consolidation of holdings. The laws of land reforms were enacted but
the implementation was lacking or lukewarm. The Government of India embarked upon
introducing agricultural reforms to improve Indian agriculture in the 1960s and 1970s. The
Green Revolution based on the use of package technology and the White Revolution
(Operation Flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improve the lot of Indian
agriculture. But, this too led to the concentration of development in few selected areas.
Therefore, in the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development programme was
initiated, which included both institutional and technical reforms. Provision for crop
insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease, establishment of Grameen banks,
cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of
interest were some important steps in this direction.

1.1 In order to tackle the various problems faced by the Indian agriculture especially the
pressure of growing population, various and reforms
have been initiated.
A. political, institutional
B. technological, institutional
C. administrative, judicial
D.executive, organizational

1.2 Which of the following is associated with Operation flood?

A.Green revolution
B. White Revolution
C. Gene Revolution
D. Blood less revolution

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 1.3 What was the main objective of the Green Revolution?
A. Improvement in the conditions of the farmers
B. increase in irrigated area.
C. increase in the agricultural production
D. mechanization of farming.

1.4. Which of the following measures is not introduced by the government to

improve agriculture?
A. abolition of zamindari system
B. consolidation of land holdings
C. crop insurance
D. maximum support price.

2. Read the text given below and answer the questions that follow:
Globalization is not a new phenomenon. It was there at the time of colonization. In the
nineteenth century when European traders came to India, at that time too, Indian spices
were exported to different countries of the world and farmers of south India were
encouraged to grow these crops. Till today it is one of the important items of export from
India. During the British period cotton belts of India attracted the British and ultimately
cotton was exported to Britain as a raw material for their textile industries. Under
globalization, particularly after 1990, the farmers in India have been exposed to new
challenges. Despite being an important producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute
and spices our agricultural products are not able to compete with the developed countries
because of the highly subsidized agriculture in those countries. Today, Indian agriculture
finds itself at the crossroads. To make agriculture successful and profitable, proper thrust
should be given to the improvement of the condition of marginal and small farmers. The
green revolution promised much. But today it‘s under controversies. It is being alleged
that it has caused land degradation due to overuse of chemicals, drying aquifers and
vanishing biodiversity. The keyword today is ―gene revolution‖, which includes genetic
engineering. In fact organic farming is much in vogue today because it is practiced
without factory made chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. Hence, it does not
affect environment in a negative manner.

2.1 The given extract throws light on .

A. Globalization and the colonization in agriculture.
B. Impact of globalization on agriculture.
C. New Economic policy pertaining to agriculture.
D. none of these.

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2.2. Which of the following has been a direct disadvantage of globalization to
the farmer?
A. increase in global competition with the developed countries.
B. degradation of land due to the overuse of chemicals.
C. Increased expenditure on buying HYV seeds.
D. all the above.

2.3.The method of farming done without using any type of chemical

fertilizer, urea, insecticides is known as .
A. mixed farming
B. organic farming
Sustainable farming
D. inorganic farming

2.4. The key word today is ―gene revolution‖ which includes genetic engineering.
Which of the following is recognized as genetic engineering?
A. powerful supplement in inventing insecticides and pesticides
B. powerful supplement in inventing biological inputs and fertilisers
C. powerful supplement in inventing new hybrid varieties of seeds
D. powerful supplement in inventing organic and inorganic farming

3. Read the text given below and answer the questions that follow:
Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer from
April to June. Some of the important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard.
Though, these crops are grown in large parts of India, states from the north and North-
western parts such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir,
Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh are important for the production of wheat and other rabi
crops. Availability of precipitation during winter months due to the western temperate
cyclones helps in the success of these crops. However, the success of the green revolution in
Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan has also been an important
factor in the growth of the above mentioned rabi crops.
Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country and these
are harvested in September-October. Important crops grown during this season are paddy,
maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, Jute, groundnut and soyabean. Some of
the most important rice growing regions are Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil
Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra, particularly the (Konkan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh
and Bihar. Recently paddy has also become an important crop of Punjab and Haryana. In
states like Assam, West Bengal and Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a year. These

42
are Aus, Aman and Boro.

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In between the rabi and the Kharif seasons there is a short season during the summer months
known as the Zaid season. Some of the crops produced during ‗Zaid‘ are the watermelon,
muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops. Sugarcane takes almost a year to grow.

3.1. Read the combination showing the cropping season (Sown)

X: June – July
Y: October- December
Z: Around March

A. X-Rabi, Y-Kharif, Z-Zaid

B. X-Zaid, Y- Rabi, Z-Kharif
C. Kharif, Y-Zaid, Z-Rabi
D. X-Kharif, Y-Rabi, Z-Zaid

3.2. The three major cropping seasons of India are

A. Aus, Aman, Boro

B. Rabi, Kharif. Zaid
C. Bhadva, Shravan, Vasant
D. Summer. Winter, Monsoon

3.3. In between the two major seasons Indian farmers take a break during the
summer season and grow crops.
A. Kharif
B. Rabi
C. zaid
D . all of the above

3.4. Select the correct match-

Column I Column II
a. Peas & Mustard 1. Harvested September-October
b. Arhar and Bajra 2. Harvested in April-June
3. Harvested July - October
A. a-3, b-1
B. a-1, b-3
C. a-2, b-1
D. a-3, b-2

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45
4. Read the text given below and answer the questions that follow:
Tea cultivation is an example of plantation agriculture. It is also an important beverage crop
introduced in India initially by the British. Today, most of the tea plantations are owned by
Indians. The tea plant grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climates endowed with deep
and fertile well -drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter. Tea bushes require warm
and moist frost -free climate all through the year. Frequent showers evenly distributed over
the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. Tea is a labour-intensive industry. It
requires abundant, cheap and skilled labour. Tea is processed within the tea garden; to
restore its freshness. Major tea producing states are Assam, hills of Darjeeling and
Jalpaiguri districts. West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Apart from these, Himachal
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh and Tripura are also tea – producing
states in the country. In 2017 India was the second largest producer of tea after China.
Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality. The Arabica variety initially
brought from Yemen is produced in the country. This variety is in great demand all over the
world. Initially its cultivation was introduced on the Baba Budan Hills and even today its
cultivation is confined to the Nilgiris in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

4.1. What is common between Tea and Coffee?

A. They are Beverages

B. They are plantation crops
C. They grow in Hilly regions
D. All of the above

4.2. Which of the following conditions can spoil tea crops?

A. Frequent rains widespread throughout the year

B. Clayey soil which has a high-water holding capacity
C. Deep fertile well -drained soil
D. Warm, moist and frost-free climate

4.3. India competes with for its of tea.

A. China, consumption
B. Yemen, production
C. China, Production
D. Yemen, consumption

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47
 4.4. Taking a hint from the given picture: identify what are these women doing?

A. Sowing the tea and coffee seeds

B. Plucking coffee beans
C. Pruning tea bushes
D. Plucking tea leaves.

5. Read the text given below and answer the questions that follow:
Sustained uses of land without compatible techno-institutional changes have hindered the
pace of agricultural development. In spite of development of sources of irrigation most of
the farmers in large parts of the country still depend upon monsoon and natural fertility in
order to carry on their agriculture. For a growing population, this poses a serious challenge.
Agriculture which provides livelihood for more than 60 per cent of its population, needs
some serious technical and institutional reforms. Thus, collectivisation, consolidation of
holdings, cooperation and abolition of zamindari, etc. were given priority to bring about
institutional reforms in the country after Independence. ‗Land reform‘ was the main focus of
our First Five Year Plan.
5.1: Institutional reforms are-
A. Changes brought by State governments to improve agriculture.
B. Changes brought by Central government to improve agriculture.
C. Changes brought by both Central and State government from time to time
to improve agriculture.
D. Green Revolution.

5.2 : Grouping of small land holdings into a bigger one is called-

A. The ceiling on land holdings.
B. Collectivization.
C. Co-operation farming.
D.Consolidation of land holdings.

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5.3 : Which of the following isn‘t included in the comprehensive land development
programme of the 1980s and 1990s ?
A. kisan credit card
B. personal accident insurance scheme
C. Minimum Support Price
D. Fragmentation of land holdings.

5.4 : Land reform included-

i. Abolition of Zamindari
ii. Fragmentation of land holdings
iii. Irrigation
iv. Land ceiling

OPTIONS-
A) i and ii
B) ii and iii
C) i and iv
D) iii and iv

6 . Read the text given below and answer the questions that follow:

India has three cropping seasons — rabi, kharif and zaid. Rabi crops are sown in winter
from October to December and harvested in summer from April to June. Some of the
important rabi crops are wheat, barley, peas, gram and mustard. Though, these crops are
grown in large parts of India, states from the north and north-western parts such as Punjab,
Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh are
important for the production of wheat and other rabi crops. Availability of precipitation
during winter months due to the western temperate cyclones helps in the success of these
crops. Kharif crops are grown with the onset of monsoon in different parts of the country
and these are harvested in September-October. Important crops grown during this season are
paddy, maize, jowar, bajra, tur (arhar), moong, urad, cotton, jute, groundnut and soyabean.
Some of the most important rice-growing regions are Assam, West Bengal, coastal regions
of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra, particularly
the (Konkan coast) along with Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In between the rabi and the kharif
seasons, there is a short season during the summer months known as the Zaid season. Some
of the crops produced during ‗zaid‘ are watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and

49
fodder crops.

50
6.1 : Availability of during winter months due to
western temperate cyclones help in the success of the Green
Revolution.
A. Sunshine
B. Precipitation
C. Cold climate
D. Hot climate

6.2 : Crops grown during Rabi season are and .

A. Tea and Coffee
B. Cotton and Jute
C. Wheat and Peas
D. Aus and Aman
6.3 : Kharif crops are harvested in:-

A. September and October

B. June and July
C. April and June
D. December and January

6.4 : Crops which are grown in states like Assam, Bengal and
Odisha during kharif season are –
A. Rice, Wheat and Maize
B. Bajra, Rice and Wheat
C. Aus, Aman and Boro
D. Pulses, Cotton and Jute

ANSWERS

1 2 3 4
1 B B C D
2 B D B C

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3 D B C C
4 D B C D
5 C D C D
6 B C A C

52