-

Experiment No. 1 ( Date:2..4 k I 2--3)

=--
ermine t~e concentration in terms of molarity of KMn04 solution by titrating it
am tandard solution of oxalic acid .
~ry: 1:he sub stances available in the state of high purity are used to prepare standard solutions
Ydissolvmg a fixed/definite mass in definite volume of distilled water. Oxalic acid is a primary
standard substance. Its molar mass is 126 g/mol.
A. Preparation of standard solution of oxalic acid
Molar mass of oxalic acid ("2.C2O4.2Hp) is 126 g/mol
~or lOOO mL 1 M oxalic acid solution required mass is 126 g of oxalic acid
ence for 1OO mL of 0.1 M oxalic acid the required mass is
_ 126 x 1oo x o.1
- 1000 X }
= 1.26 g of oxalic acid
Apparatus : 100 mL standa d fl as k , ba Ionce, watch glass, beaker, glass rod, etc.
h • . . . .r
C em1co1s. 0 xa 1tc acid, distilled water.
Procedure:
r used . . I. Weigh accurat~ly 1.26 g oxalic acid on watch glass.
2. Transfer the "'.eighed oxalic acid to a beaker and wash the watch glass with distilled water and
r or moisture
transfer washmgs. to the beaker. Add little distilled water to dissolve it by stirring.
~ate, Mohr's
3. T~ansfer the solution of oxalic acid from beaker to 100 mL standard flask. Wash beaker twice
with water and transfer washings to the 100 mL standard flask. Dilute the solution up to the
lometric mark on standard flask to make volume 100 mL.
B. Determination of molarity of KMnO 4 solution using standard solution of oxalic acid.
Apparatus: Burette, pipette, conical flask, burner, water bath, etc.
fuitially the
Chemicals: KMnO4 solution, 0.1 M oxalic acid, 2M H2SO4.
jtion the end Procedure:
l. Wash the burette, pipette and conical flask with water.
~al because 2. Rinse the burette with given KMnO 4 solution and then fill it. Remove air bubble from the
nozzle and avoid leakage if any.
3. Adjust the level of KMnO4 solution in burette up to zero mark with upper meniscus and fix
the titration it on a burette stand.
lie acid. 4. Rinse the pipette with standard 0.1 M oxalic acid solution.
+2 and that 5. Pipette out 10 mL of 0.lM oxalic acid solution and transfer into clean conical flask. Then
add one test tube 2M sulphuric acid. (The solution remains colourless)
6. Heat the conical flask up to 60 to 70°C on wire gauze or water bath (as reaction at room
recause the temperature is very slow)
7. Place the conical flask with hot solution on a white porcelain tile below the burette.
~ titration its 8. Start adding KMnO solution drop wise from burette in a conical flask with continuous
stirring till Jight/fai~t pink colour is obtained in conical ?ask. Keep the flask constant
shaking in a circular manner. :This is called swirling.of sol~tio~. See that the colour does not
so.lution a nd disappear even on vigorous shaking. This is end pomt of tltr~hon.
9. Note this reading as 'Pilot reading' (pilot reading is always m whole n~ber.) .
10• N ow fill the b urette agam· w1'th. KMnO4 solution up to the zero mark with upper. meruscus.
11 Re t th b d d take mm· imum three more correct burette readings.
· pea e a ove proce ure an . CBR
l2. Note down the constant burette readmg ........... (x) mL ( ·. · .)
13 - From C.B.R. calculate the molarity of given K.Mn04 solution.
 -
Observations:
J . Solution in a burette : ....... . ~.m.n 9. .½....... ..
2. Solution by a pipette :. . . . . ~.~~.u.~. . ~~ ct
3. Solution in conical flask : ...c,.~~.\{(... ...~Y ..i ..... + ........ .J~.~S.~...~ ...... ...
: ....~...~ .~ .Q...~ ....(~. ~~ It: ,no(ico, f-o--y
4. Indicator
5. End point
: . .....fu..i.~.\:: ....f\:v.\.K ( 0 l O "'r"
6. Chemical Equation : 2KMnO4 + 5H 2C 2O 4 + 3H 2SO 4 --. K2SO" + 2MnSQ + BH 0
4
2
+ l0CO2j

Observation Table:

Durette level Pilot reading Durette reading in mL C.B.R. -

I II III
Final ........L~ ....... ......\ C\.: ....\. .... \~.· \.... .. \J .... ~.J...
to .... t,..-.. .). (x) ml I
Initial 0.0 0.0 0.0 I
........ l.~.......
Difference mL ...\.<'\... •...\.. ... .....11>..:....\... J ..~.·.J . .
Calculation: From above chemical equation

2KMnO 4 + SH2C 2O4 + 3H2SO4 --. ~SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2 O + I0CO2

2 moles 5 moles
2 x 158 g (316 g) = 1000 mL 5 M (molar mass ofKMnO4 = 158 g/mol)
: . 1000 mL 5 M oxalic acid = 316 g of KMnO 4

:. 10 mL 0 1 M oxali·c ~
· = 316 x lO x O.l
. ~ l000x5
= 0.0632 g ofKMnO4
:. Hence .. ... (x) C.B.R. mL ofKMnO4 solution contains= 0.0632 g ofKMn04
3.
:. 1000 mL of KMnO 4 contains= 0.0632 x 1000 A
\l..:.l.(x) CBR
tatioO
Hence molarity of KMnO 4 in the solution is = 0.0632 x 1000 Space for log co lcu
\ 1..·.t... (x) CBR x 158 tog 4.
Number
J\r

._,,,/
/= Ll:.l.(x)0.4CBR
s. .
...
= ().······0 ··········
'l..'2...)
···M
·····
Res ult: The rn 1 .
0 Ortty of l<.Mn . .
_ a_r_k_a_n_d _si- ·
R-ern
r:: 04 solution is ... ~ .:..~ .. ~~.l.M
gn of teoch •.
........ ...... ...... ... ..... .. ..... er . .. ......... . ....
······
··· ···· ········· · ·······
·· ·············· ····· ·• ··· ·· ·· ··· ······· ··· ·· ······ ... ,· . ,• ·
·· ·· · ,,· '
 -
( Experiment No. 2 ( Dote:l4 Hi;; I ?{j_)
. of KMnO4 s olution
. the concentration in terms ofmolanty
. To detemune
AJm: by titrating it against
standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulphate.(Mohr's salt). .
Tbe~ry: 1:he substances available in the state of high purity are used to prepare standard solutwn
by diss~lvmg a fixed/definite mass in definite volume of distilled water. The molar mass of ferrous
·· ·· ··· ··· ... . ammonium sulphate is 392 g/mol. .
········ A. Preparation of standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulphate (F.A.S.)
··· ····· Molar mass of ferrous ammonium sulphate (Mohr's salt) (FeSO .(NH) S0 .6H 0) is 392 gl mol
For 1000 1 4 4 2 4 2
mL M Mohr's salt required mass is 392 g of Mohr's salt.
····· ····· Hence for 100 L O f0 392 x 100 x 0. 1
m . I M Mohr's salt the required mass is 1000

st = 3.92 g of Mohr's salt

Apparatus: andard flask I 00 mL, balance, watch glass, beaker, glass rod, etc.
··········· ·· Chemicals: Ferrous ammonium sul Pha te, d"1sh·11 ed water, su Iphunc
· ·d
act .
Procedure:
I. Weigh accurately 3.92 g Ferrous ammonium sulphate on watch glass.
2. Transfer the weighed F.A.S. to a beaker and wash the watch glass with distilled water and
transfer washings to the beaker. Add little distilled water to dissolve it by stirring.
3. Transfer the solution ofF.A.S. from beaker to 100 mL standard flask. Wash the beaker twice
··· ···· ··· ····· with distilled water and transfer washings to the I 00 mL standard flask. Add few drops of
8iSO4 to get clear solution. Dilute the solution up to the mark on standard flask to make
volume 100 mL.
B. Determination of molarity of KMnO 4 solution by using standard solution of F.A.S.
Apparatus: Burette, pipette, conical flask, white porcelain tile, etc.
Chemicals: KMnO4 solution, 0.1 M F.A.S., 2M H2 SO4 •
Procedure:
······· ········· I. Wash the burette, pipette and conical flask with water. . .
I
2. Rinse the burette with given KMn04 solution and then fill it. Remove arr bubble from the
··· ···········
nozzle and avoid leakage if any._ . b t ero mark with upper meniscus and fix
··· ·· ·· ····· 3. Adjust the level of KMn04 solution m urette up O 2
....
·· ····· ····· it on a burette stand. t·
. . d do 1 M F.A.S. sou 1 10n. .
4. Rinse the pipette with stan ar . . d tr sfer it into a clean comcal flask. Then
.. .. mL f O IM FA S solution an an
···· ······ · 5. Pipette out 10 ° · : · ·.d (The solution remains colourless)
........ add one test tube 2M sulphunc ~cl · • tile below the burette. . . .
··· ·· 6. Place the conical flask on a white p~rct::burette in a conical flask with contmuo=~g
....
7. Start adding KMnO4 solution dro~ w~~ n conical flask. Keep the flask constant shd. g :~
.... till light/faint pink colour is obtm~el_ I of solution. See that the colour does not isappe
h . · ailed swtr mg .
circular manner. T is i_s c Th" 1·send point of titration. . h l umber)
· shakmg is · · always m w O e n ·
even on vigorous . · ding' (pilot reodmg ts k with upper meniscus.
8 . d' as 'Pilot rea . to the zero mar
. Note this rea mg . "th KMnO solution up ct burette readings.
9. Now fill the burette agam w1 d take ;inimum three more cRorr)e
l b procedure an (x) mL (C.B. .
0. Repeat the a ove tte reading •·········· .
11 Note down the constant bure . f l(MnO solution.
.
12. From C.B.R. calculate t e
h molanty o
® 4
 Observa tions :
. l5. Yn.f.\.O.¼.............. .
1. Solution in a burette
:. . .... .t.Prs. . . . . . . . . ..
2. Solution by a pipette
: . f-~. ?..................... + .....r.\.~.>.~.Y............. . .
3. Solution in conical flask . .................. D4 )s se...,~ ,~,-c~ h>...,.. Self\ .
: .l~.m .n.. .. .................. .
4. Indicator I. Th
5. End point
: .... .fu.i. ~.J...... f .~.~.. \c..
6_ Chemical Equation
: 2K.MnO4+ 10FeSO 4 (NH 4\ S0 4 + 8H2S04 --. K,so . . .
+ 5Fe2(SO4)3.;_ J v,_1
rvxru, n ) ,n ·
-\'.:y l
"l
Set
J •v\J - D
• l ~~

Observation Tobie: 3. Th
ofl
Durette level Pilot reading Durette reading in mL
1 - - - - -- r - - -- - - , - - - - - . . . JI
➔. The

Final ....... \.0 ........

I
......\.9-...:..~t
II
....... \ ...~ ........ .
Ill
....\.0.. :'. ..~ ...
I litre

5. The
Initial to
\.....
............\.\. .....
Difference 1---o
.. .. l.Q._._
..o _-+-···-·-·-t°--:--t-....-....--t---
'. ..~... .....-
L-::o-.·. . ~
-.....-/ J~
mL /'
I.\\ brn
Calculation: From above chemic~n
Ans. .i
2KMnO4+ l0FeSO4(NH) 4 2
SO4 + 8H2 SO4 - . '"""2
K SO + 2MnSO + 5Fe,(SO.J3+ lO(NH):50.·
4
4 - ~i: .
2 moles 10 moles •··
2. \\ h)
2 x 158 = 10 moles of mohr's salt (molar mass of KMnO 4 = 158 g)
Ans. ·Q;
:. 1000 mL lOM Mohr's salt= 316 g ofKMnO4 . a. .t -
316xl0x0.l
:. 10 mL 0.lM Mohr's salt = x
1000 10 3. \\.h)
= 0.0316 g ofKMnO4 Ans ......

:. Hence .....(x) CBR mL ofKMnO4 solution contains = 0.0316 g ofKMn04 ········· ....
······ ········
4. CoJcu
:. 1000 mLofKMnO contains _ 0.0316 x 1000 An[ ..N.
4
\\\:~.(x) CBR x 158 coJculu~'
Space for log ········· .... ,

IL~ .... ··········

Hence molarity ofK.MnO4in the solution is = 0.0316 x 1000 5. C olcu l
\.~.:9 (x) CBR x 158 Ans ...... r
0.2
·········
····· ·

~
~
 . dure:
p,-oce .
-T) wash with water and label them as A, B C D
(250 nu.- , ' , respec .
1. Take four conical flasks actly 20, 30, 40 and 50 mL 0.1 M Na2S203 in the flask lively,
2. Using 50 mL burette take ex sA,B,C
D respectively. dd
28 18
and 8 distiIIed water to flasks A, Band c r '
3. Using another 50_ ~ bu;~:::i~Jed w~ter in flask D) espectively
(There is no add1tton °
uring cylinder add 2 mL I M HCI to the flask Ac
. h h I Ip of 10 mL meas , h
4. W1t t e 1e d mL distiIJed water. Start t e stop watc h immediate!
. ontain•1
ng i~
mL 0.1 M Na2S20J an 28 . y.
nical flask on a paper havmg cross mark and view th
5· Shake and keep the co . I fl k e cross
. · ture from top of the com ca as . ma~
through reactton m1x
_ When the cross mar~ on t_he paper just become invisible stop the stop watch immediate!
6
record the time reqmred m seconds. Yan~
7. Repeat the experiment by adding 2 mL 1 M HCI to flasks B, C and D simult
h . . d h ' aneously B
using stop watch record t e time . reqmre , w en cross mark on the paper Just · becom· Y
invisible. (Use same paper havmg cross mark for flasks B, C and D) es
r
Observation Tobie:
Time i:_equired to
Conical become pross mark
Flasks lit s- 1 : Concentration
•., }?Yi~ible 1
of Na2SO
2 J
(t) sec
A 20 28 2 l~ ~
-----------------
o·
--------
oo ~~
0.04

B 30 -to
18 2 0 •Ol~
--------------- ------------ ---- 0.06

C 40 8 2 s '2 o-at1
----------------- --------------- 0.08
D so
. 0 'b~
Graph· Pl ~=~=~--L__jl
. ot a graph of 1/t .
2 ---~-~---
· ----- (5
----------------- 0.1

Res ult: agamst concentration of so . . ,

Rate f . dmm thiosulphate solution.
0 reaction (lit) is .... .i..o.r~ s" ~
. aY:i
·-~ ~·····:J·······•c.~.n~.~ctx.C{tt.~.n. I {1 c-r{

Rernoa-k
... ... ond sign f
... .. o teacher•
·········· ···· ·
... .... .
. ···· ······
···· ·· ··· ····
.... ··· ·· · ····· ······ ······················ ···········
·····
·················· ·····················
 ·j Experiment No. 4
·....,f ~- ,__ ·----~ - Date• 1
Aim: To study the
. effect of ternperature on the rate ofreaction betw een Sod · 'JIQ, .

hydrochloric ae1d. ·• IUn, th·

Throrr: Tb< rate of a chernical reaction depends upon temperature A '' lij
the ,at~ of reaction increases due to increase in kinetic energy of th s the ten, \
k;,,etic energYofrnolecules increases
. the number of effective coll 1s1ons b
.. e moiecu] es. l h 1n .
PerOture.
.-\p pororus: Burettes
oc (50. mL), conical
. flask(250 mL) , stop WO tC h pl etween req .inCti\ ~
them meter (3 ), wife gauze, tnpod stand ' measuring cy 1mder
. ' ( Ione pap er w· Clings~t,
6o
10
n,mkols: 0.1 M Na,S,0 , IM HCI, distilled water O mL), etc. ,,o,,o,, ,·
3
UWgroOI! r C:
+-
r=T - Conicalflas k- ~
Na,S,O,+HCI ~
Paper with 1/t ~
crass mark
.--wire ...._ ><
guaze
Temperature of N~slo,
Tripod stand

.::::::11.....--'\I -- Burner
Procedure:
I. Clean the conical flask and take 50 mL ~-1 M Na 2 Sp3 solutio~.hRecord its initial tempenr-,,
using thermometer (t 0C). Keep the corneal flask on paper wit _cross ~ark. ·
2. Add 2 mL of IM HCI to the concial flask, and start stop watch 11nmed1ately shakewet
record the time required for the colloidal sulphur formed during the reaction to hinderi
vision of cross mark.
~
3. In another conical flask take 50 mL 0.1 M Na2 S2 0 3 solution and heat it to increast1 ti · ,... . ,
temperature of solution by 10 °C[(t + 10) 0q. 1---:::'::.J~
, sr-+1--
4. Remove the flask and keep it on paper with cross mark and add 2 mL of I M HCI soluni1
shake well, start the stopwatch. Record the time required when cross mark on the paper~~
become invisible.
5. Rep~at the procedure at (t+20), (t+30) and (t+40) 0c and record the time as before. rC
Obsen·ation Table: '. :_ , ii • I ---1
Volume of 0.1 M Na S o 50 mL
2 2 3
Volume of I M HCl added 2 mL
Temperature 0c I .,
J.llll~ required·wh~~ cross•markjust
becomes inyisibl.e in _secoqds ~i
~
'1 · ( H. , . __
f J,-
~-L{t)+ IO ::: 3li ----~-~
---.2..~-
~
~t)+30 == <-::;
L _,,_:i ~ ''
Gro
Result: Rote of reaction h., .. _ --- P"•Ulllfe nFNa,s,o, solution.
...:!:,:!:!\~~b . ..< .

--------
 'fhe r
.. E ~oc bem istr y
. Xpe run ent N ~
Aun: To determine ent
temperature. halpy of dissol ution of o. 7 ~
I copper
su phate (Cuso .SH .
Tl1eor)': Heat of . .
• ,0) m Waler at room
in a large amou n/olu tion is the chang e in cnthal
1 mole of solut of solvent so that further diluf PY, when
one mole of
thcoc~~~:\once is dissolved
some hydrate r:,:,~~i:;'o~s of solvent is recoi n~:::e ';;'s ~ot change n is d PY. <?enerally for
n. 1ssolut1on may be exother . eat of solutio
React" .
Jon. Cuso4.5f1iO(s) + 1½0 (/)-- ..._ C so m1c or endoth
ermic proce~: to Ionization or
A
u 4 (aq) ; 6H === + .
pparotus: Polythe L 11 .7 kJ/rnol
Chem icals · Co ne bottle, cork having two holes two 100
· . . ed water.
pper sulphate and d1strll ' m beak ers, measuring cylinder.
Diagram:

Rubb er cork

Thermometer
Stirrer
Polythene bottle
--- -- --
-- ----·
--- --·
- - -- --
- • --- --- -- -: Hydr ated copper sulphate
(CuS O4 .SH2O + water)

__ ____J
Procedure~:__ __ __ __ __ __ __ _.....,..__ __ __

1. Take 25mL water in a polythene bottle.

two holes of the cork.
2. Fit cork on polyt hene bottle, insert stirrer and thermometer in
·
Reco rd the initia l tempe rature of water (t,°C).
,,l
3.
0) to the polyth ene bottle . I
Add 0.5 g of powd ered coppe r sulphate (CuS 04.5H2 , I

4. I

5. Stir the solut ion to dissolve the copper sulphate completely.

(t, °C).
6. Reco rd the final tempe rature , when substance just dissolves
Note : -
ene bottle can be approximated to
i. Speci fic heat capac ity of comm only used PET type of polyth
I Jig 0c ·= I 000 J/kg °C. ~ 0.25 cal/g °C it is more than 100g.
of water inside
ii. Ifthe bottle is thin walle d, its mass can be neglected if mass
know and use its water equivalent.
iii. If a heavy bottle of differ ent mater ial is used, we need to
 0.5 g
-
OIJSL'I ~1.1•"~~-----
. . ,;or• Tobie:
25 mL Sc

-----
Mass of cuS04.SH20 take~ - - - -

2 Volume of water
- -- -
rn
25.5 g

3
---
Mass of solution
-·- --- -- ti
~~.:!-:t_...oc 2.

4JIniti~I t~~era~e wo~~ -- ----i---------

12
~9.:.6°C
5 IFino! temperature of the solution 3.

6 \Change in temperature 4.
4.184 Jig 0c
s
7 Specific heat capacity of water

Since dilute solution is used

Cokulotion: Heat absorbed for dissolution of 0.5 g of CuSO4
density of solution is 1 g/mL
Q=m S ~t
Hence 25.5 mL = 25.5 g l
Q = 25.5 X 4.184 J/g oc X !:.~ ~t
2- A
Q = \:~8 ..~.J.~. J.
Molar mass ofCuSO4.5Hp is 249 g/mol

Moles ofCuSO4dissolved = Mass of CuS04 2

Molar mass of CuSO4 p

0.5 a
d ic.-;,l,
=
249 3
j
\·Vt x cl . = 2 x10· mol
3

..... (Q) is the heat absorb d h

e ' w en 2 x 1Q-3
The enthal f
PY~ solution of cuso mol of C SO4 •
. u 1s dissolved
5
Mi=='·?.~ r'.~.(Q) 4· H201S therefore 1
Space for log calculation
2 X lQ-3
~H == ....C. 6 L .....
.. ..........:l ..':I. )( ( 0 "--
[ Number log J
~H ==~
r,..................
... . . ...........~.:-:-:t J/mol
..............kJ/moI
Result:
The enthol
PYof dissoJ .
Ut1011 of .
Rem given co
ork ond sig PPer sulph
... .. .. ......... ....--~. of teacher:
..... ·····•.. ....... ... . ....
ote is ········6.............
4
k J/rnol,
.... .... .... ••••• ••••••••••••••••• t

·· ············ ·· ···· ··· ········ ···· ·············

:: : · · ·· ··· ·· · ·· ·· · · ·· ···· · ···· ······· · · ·· · ··· ···· ···
........ .. .. ....
( . Experim ent No. 8 ( Date: le 16 1 2 ~ )
Aim: To determine the enthalpy of neutrali sat' f .
NaOH. ton o strong acid 0.5M HCI and strong base 0.5M

Theory: Enthalpy of neutralisation is an enthalpy change ' wh en one mol e of H+ . f .

. I t I . -
1s comp e e y neutralised by one mole of OH ions of a base tO fiorm one mole f t0ns o an acid
. • . O
neutra I1sahon of any strong acid and strong base is almost cons tant, ~ H = -57 water. Heat of
3 kJ It . d ue to
comp lete d issociation of strong acid and strong base. · · ts

Reaction: NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)--- -NaCl(aq) + H 20 (/) ; ~H = -57.3 kJ

In case of weak acid and strong base the enthalpy of neutralisation is I h
of t ·d d . .. ess t an that
s rong ac1 an strong base as some heat ts utthsed for complete ioni sation of weak acid.
Ap~orotu s : Polythene bottle, cork with two holes, two beakers, thermometer (1 / l Oo) me ·
cylmder, etc. , asurmg

Chemicals: 0.5 M HCl and 0.5 M NaOH.

Diagram:

Rubber cork

Thermometer
Stirrer
Polythene bottle

HCl and NaOH Solution

Procedure:
1. Take 50 mL 0.5 M HCl in a clean and dry polythene bottle.
2. Record its initial temperature (t/C).
3. Wash the thermometer with water and gently wipe with filter paper.
4. Take 50 mL 0.5 M NaOH in a clean and dry beaker.
5. Record its initial temperature (t/ C).
6. Add NaOH solution to the polythene bottle, shake well.
7. Record the constant maximum temperature of the mixture (t/ C)
Note:
i. Specific heat capacity of commonly used PET type of polythene bottle can be approximated to
=
1 J/g 0c = 1000 J/kg °C. 0.25 cal/g °C
ii. If the bottle is thin walled, its mass can be neglected if mass of water inside it is more than 100g.
iii. If a heavy bottle of different material is used, we need to known and use its water equivalent.

®
 lobf(•:
,,t/OII
o,,_,cr•
, ·u· al temperature
. of 0.5 M HCI
-~ ~1-s
--
I Iru ..... ..oc Select the corre
---- f 0.5 MNaOH - -- -- 1. Chemical reac
2 Initial tempera~ --- . m
- JUI11e of solution 100 g Af-i at constan
· -Tota1vo a. exothe
3 Mass of solution - - - - - - -
- - of both solutions 31 :.~.. (t,) +3.\:b(t} c. endoth,
Average temperature t3
==
2. The following
4 , (HCI + NaOH)
~'l.~o ~iscom
--t- · ture ······· C
5 Final temperature of nux c. potenti,
3. The pH of soil
6 Rise in temperature ~ u t r al

7 Specific heat capacity of water

s c. neutral
4 . When an acid
Calculorion: a . hydroJi
c. salt
Enthalpy change during neutralisation of 50 mL 0.5 M HCI by 50 mL 0.5M NaOH.

Q=m S ~t
1. What is thee
Q= \OQ X 4.}84 J/g oc X (:.':-!. 6t
Ans. ..f ~+.hd.l1
Q= ?.' J~~.. ~.l.~J. - .k~±.......... i
1000 mL 0.5 MHCI contain 0.5 mol of HCI ..~ ~·· ····Y.e.£
so ml OSMHCI · vo. lve ::> 0 1,,
' . will contain 0.025 mol ofHCl 2. Write the fol
S.,, s•~Q)
....... \ heat evolved when 0 025 l . An exother
Enthalpy of . . · mol of HCI neutralised
nutrahsation is th .f'. 2. Heat is eve
S ~ ~-, 'l< tc1 1 ere,.ore
Mi =:: ......(Q) Space for log calculation 3. An endoth,
~
0.025 I Number I Ioi ] 4. The reacti<
i\H/4
= ·~
i\H ==
............. . '2.t
r;
.>r lo4
......... ... .. .... .... . J/rnol
3. Define enthc

Re~ult •-
... .. ........
~·....4.. 1-:\.. An& ... ~b.~...
. · ..........kJ/nio1 ······i.~ .... ~
rhe Enthulp o .
(~ . y f ne1.1truu . . ~ .... .. .. .. .O...t
. egotive sign i , sution of str ~ -e...o
s hecuuse ong 0ci•• LJ 4. Why the ent
reucr \I •~c,
•011 is ex ond stro b ,, '1..

Rernork <int.1 •
Other111·1 .
c 1n
noture)
ng ose NoOH = - k- --
-
Ans.. ..~:\:b..c
~ ....... .. .. .. ... .
.. ... -~
..... s1911 Oft .~ .\ ...S:. :h:01t
................. .. eucher:
·····... . Remark and

·· ·· ·· ··········· . . -
 - -- -.--- Exp erim ent No. 9
~~( ~ ;~ ~ = ~ ~~- -=-~ (~D~a~te;:1 ~~~1~6;_1~~ '2J,.L
;!,
·.\.im : To deter nune heat of displo cement th ge) of •c , fl
zinc dust. en alpy chan on
. , u rom CuSO4 soluti by

Theo ry : The elem ents• havm g lowe -t v a 1ues of sta d

• • •
from its solution havm g higher value o f stan d ardnpot t' 1
° rd potential can dis 1
P ace anoth er cl
ct · en ta . The enthalpy h ement
when one mole o f a su b stanc e is completely isp 1aced fro · c ange that 0
. . .
. . m _Its aque_ous solution is called ccurs,
of displacement. Zmc dissolve m the copp er sulphate solut1 0,1 by liberating heat d enthalpy
precipitated. an copper gets

Reac tion: CuSO 4 (aq) + Zn( s)-- + ZnSO4 (aq )

+ Cu( )-l,·
s ' ~H = -217.5 kJmol·'
beak ers th
Appa ratus : Polythene bottle, cork with two holes ' ' ermometer (l/ 10°), measuri ng
cylinder, etc.
ion.
Chemi ca ls: Zinc dust, 0.2 M copper sulph ate solut
Diag ram:

Rubb er cork

Ther mom eter

Stirr er
Poly thene bottle

iiifii!!!lilil
CuSO4 solution
and Zn dust

Proc edur e:
and dry polythene bottle .
I. Take 25m.L 0.2 M copp er sulphate solution in a clean
2. Reco rd its initia l temp eratu re (t 1°C).
solution in polythene bottle and shake
3. Take I g of zinc dust (powder), add it to the CuSO4
weJl.
ion (t2°C).
4. Reco rd the maxi mum (final) temperature of the solut
Note :
CuSO4 solution becomes colourless and
i. The shak ing of the solution till the blue colour of the
copp er meta l gets deposited.
of polythene bottle can be approximated to
ii. Spec ific beat capa city of comm only used PET type
=
I J/g 0c = I 000 J/kg °C. 0.25 cal/g °C
cted if mass of wate r inside it is more than
iii. If the bottl e is thin walle d, its mass can be negle
.
100g. used, we need to know n and use its water eqmv alent
iv. If a heavy bottl e of different mate rial is

®
 - I le·.
·u1 'laJ
-,n(l /I 1

OM' C SO solution 25 g
Masso fo ·2__
M u- - 4 - --

1g Sek
- of zm
2 Mass • c metal
- l. T l
-
3 Total mass -
of solution
- -
m I 26 g

I
.
4 1 lnitwl temp
--.- ~-
erature Cu SO solution
- of- - - 4-
of mixture
i ~?~'C 2. Tl

5 Final temperature -- - 3as.:..\..oc

3. A I
6 Rise in temperature

7 Specific heat capacity of water s 4.184 Jig 0c 4. Th

Cokulotion:

Heat evo Ived m . given

. displacement reaction is . by
Q = m S Llt
Q = 26 X 4.] 84 J/g oc X
, .,
-r.>.•.. ~t I. \,\
Ans..
Q = i~.1.. H.~. J. ic tu 2..
... 2.i.
1000 mL 0.2 M CuS04 solution contain 0.2 mol of 'Cu' ... Co..,
25 ·--~
mL 0.2 M CuS04 solution contain
25 X 0.2 2. W I
Ans...
l000
.. W.h
5 x I 0-3 mo! of 'Cu' ....tb
3 ·'1 !.~.~(Q) is the heot evolved, when 5 x 10·3 mo! of 'Cu• is displaced it
.. :-:-.4.
3. \,\' t
Therefore enthalpy of displacement is Space for log calculation Ans...
r,JY"'l!!'(QJ [ NUtIJber / log J ....(;:), f
C
5 X IO·' 2~ ' \ ' 4 I5
l>H a • 0:. ·.::t'I; ~3..X.t!/.~ ... <.llmol I( , l t. '1 0 · 6 '2. l ' .
4. Wr
Re~u lt :l>H ' ......J.1. \ ~~ kJimoJ ~. ' 0 • 55 6;
so luti1
·1 h< • nthoJpy hf di,pluco,n, of '('u• Ans....
01
1 ·· ····· ····
<~•uuttve. ".Un ." btcuu,e tcuc r . . rom cul>Pct •u1 phate by Zinc
ton Js exofher rn ic iu nat ure)
. dust Li ff = _"'l_t_n
. k·J /0101
·· ······ ···

-------------
H•..murk •nd
. .... .. . , ign of lcoche,.
'••··· ..... '••······ '••· ··· ····
······ .
........ ··· ·· ···
····· ······· . ... ' ••-,_
' •• · ··

····· ··· ·· ······· ··-···· ··· ····· ··· ·· ·•.... ......... ..

••.. ... ...... . ....
··· ··· ······ ·· ·················· ···· ··· ···· ··
···· ··· ········ ··· ··· ······ ··· ·······
 ~- -- -- - ( Date: l:t / c I 'liJ]
Experiment No. 10
\ 1111 : 'I'll tkkrn1i11c 1_111.: l'lllhulpy cha nge du rinn 1hc
int eract ion (hydrogen bond fonnation) betwe en
l11·,·t,lll l' t1111I l'hlorolonn .
l'h,·or~ : l11knnulccul u r hydrn ucn bonding is fonnc d ' when ace tone 1·s m1xe · h chi oro,on
· d wit r:
n. Th e
r1••,, •. . · tenno 1ecu1or hy rogen on d"mg.
d b
p I l l ss is cxot 1icrnuc trnt1 heat is cvolwd du t· to forma
tion of m
., ..
····· ·.... ., ..·• . , II C \ ; Cl H3C
' c " o .,, H - C-CI. _ \ 0- 8+ ; Cl
1 \ C == O·····H- C-Cl
· •. ,
, ,,c c1 H1c1_ i 'ct
'••·· ··· ·· ' •• · • ... tntermolecular
··•,
hydrogen bonding

'•·· t' b
\ppuru111s : Poly1h c111..: bottle , cork with two holes' s trrcr, eakers, thennometer (l/ 10°),
n1casuring cylinder, etc.

( 'lu·111 irnls : Acetone, chloroform.

t>icrt,rum :

····· ······ .......

···· ··· ' ••· ·· Rubbe r cork

·· ····· ··· ·······

Therm ometer

··········· ··· 1- - --t- Stirrer

Polythene bottle
······· ········· ··
·· ·· ···· ········· ···
Aceton e and chloro form mixtur e

··············· ····
··················· Proce dure:
........ .... ... .
I. Take 25mL of acetone in dry polythene bottle.
, ,.,

2. Record its initial temperature (t 1°C).

··· ···· ····· 3. Take 25 mL of chloroform in a dry beaker.
4. Record its initial temperature (t/C).
ning acetone, stir the mixture.
5. Add chloroform from beaker to the polythene bottle contai
····· ···· ·· ······ 6. Record maximum (final) temperature of mixture (t/C).
Note:
ene bottle can be approximated to
i. Specific heat capacity of commonly used PET type of polyth
····· ··
.. . •• ····· =
I Jig °C = l 000 J/kg C. 0.25 cal/g °C
0
of water inside it is more than lO0g.
ii. If the bottle is thin walled, its mass can be neglected if mass
to known and use its water equivalent.
, . ••
.... iii. If a heavy bottle of differ ent material is used, we need
···· ·
... .
·· ·· ··
 • Table:
observat1on ---------T ----:----iIi ~;:;;:-
~g,..oc ti s
rature of acetone .
Initial ternpe - -- I I.

-t--- -if.. c
0
t2
2 JilitiaI temperature of chloroform -
c.
e acetone and chloro1orm t3 = ...... (tl) 2+ ···~
···(t2) -~~..oc_
3 Meantempera tu.r 2.
LC~=~--- f-.-tu---1----:t
4 Maximum temperature o mIX re 4
~.:]_oc
C - - - - - 1 - ~0 ~
5 Rise in temperature ~t = ..... c (t4) - ..... 0c (t) !.3 .. 0c 3.

Calculation: Given data

I Density of chloroform 4.P
= 1.499 glcm3
2 Density of acetone = 0. 787 glcm 3
3 Specific heat of chloroform = 0.96 Jig c 0

4 Specific heat of acetone

= 2.18 Jig 0c
Enthalpy change (LiH) = (25mL x S x d + 25mL x S x d ) ~t
I I 2 2

= (25mL X 0.96 X 1.499 + 25mL X 2.18 X 0.78) .1.3.~t

2.
= (35.98 + 42.5) X ..J.3... ~t An
= 78.48 X ~.\.3..Llt = (z)

= (z) X 4.184 3. ~
Ansl
= ...... ½.~.~t.~.~.. J
· Space for log calculation

fi~-~---kJ [ Number log ]

4.
Ans.

Rei ult : /
Enthalpy chon e
oceto • 9 due to forrn t·
ne as rnbed With 25 o ion of inter
rnL of Chlorofi RlolecuJor hyd
Rernork and , orrn ::::: .....~"".~ .•3. .r~ nkho nd s When 25
mL of
.................. sign of teacher: ......... J

.. . : : : ::: : : : : ::i t!!?·:: : : : : : : : : :::: :::::: ·: : : : : ::··::

~ ···························· t