BLUE BRAIN TECHNOLOGY

1. INTRODUCTION
The Blue Brain system is attempted to reverse engineer of the human brain and recreate it
at the cellular level inside the computer simulation. The project was founded in May 2005
by Henry at the EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland. Goals of the project are to gain a
complete understanding of the brain and to enable better and faster development of brain
disease treatments. The research involves studying slices of living brain tissue using
microscopes and patch clamp electro codes. A data is collected about all the many
different neuron types. This data is used to build biologically realistic models of the
neurons and networks of neurons in the cerebral cortex. No one can ever understand the
complexity of the human brain. It is very complex than any circuitry in the world. With
the increasing number of people having mental disorders the accuracy to detect some
mental illness has reduction is of the main goals of neuroscience is to understand the
biological mechanisms responsible for the human mental activity.

The simulations are carried out on the Blue Gene supercomputer built by IBM, hence the
name “Blue Brain”. The simulation software is based on Michael Hine’s NEURON,
together with other custom-built components. As of August2012 the Largest simulations
are of micro circuits containing around 100 cortical columns such simulations involve
approxiimately1 million neurons and 1 billion synapses. This is about the same scale of
that a honey bee brain. It is hoped that a rat brain neocortical simulation (~21 million
neurons) will be achieved by end of 2014. A full human brain simulation (86 billion
neurons) should be possible to 2023 provided sufficient funding is received.

WHAT IS BLUE BRAIN?

BLUE BRAIN is a virtual brain, which is not the actual natural brain, but it will act as the
brain. The human brain is the most complex thing in the world. An artificial brain, which
is not actually a natural brain, but can act as the brain. It can think like a brain, take
decisions based on the past-experience and respond as the natural brain. Now the IBM is
developing a virtual brain known as the Blue Brain. It would be the world’s first virtual
brain. Within 30 years. We can say it artificial Brain. The data stored in natural brain that

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can be uploaded into the computer. It is possible by using a super computer, with a huge
amount of storage capacity, processing power and an interface between the human brain
and it is artificial one. This is not happening today. Nor tomorrow. But we should be
expecting this in our near future.

The Blue Brain project uses the Blue Gene supercomputer by IBM. Blue Brain project is
the birth event of modern say AI technology applied in smart phones, self-driving cars
and smart home or practically anything that is connected to internet.

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2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Blue Brain Project focuses on building biologically detailed simulations of the rats, and
ultimately the human brain. The supercomputer-based constructions and simulations provides a
radically new way to understand the detailed structure and process of the brain. The project’s
strategy exploit interdependencies in the experiment’s data to access dense maps of the bra in,
without measuring every element of its multiple levels of association. This strategy allows

the project to build digital re modelling of the brain at an unprecedented level of biological detail
[1]. The working of human brain basically has three sub processes, they are: Sensory Input When
we see something or our touch a warm surface, the sensory cells or Neurons..

[2]. Neurons work together and understand the environment to accomplish this process in the
brain. Motor output Once our brain has interpreted everything then it conveys a message through
neurons to effecter cells, muscle or gland cells,

[3]. The brain transfer technology is executed by two techniques namely, Copy and transfer and
Slow and relentless substitution of neurons. In the past, it is accomplished by doing with the
following 3 steps Firstly examining, controlling and differentiating the cerebrum components.
And secondly, duplicating, moving, storing data into computer.

[4]. Now human brain is altered into the humanoid robots or in an organic body. According to the
author, we see that the focus is on the simulation method of the collected data. Algorithms and
constraints are modified according to the disease stage of the animal being simulated, age and
species. Every protein is simulated where there are millions of proteins in one cell.

[5]. Taking forward the IBM tradition the Blue Gene evolved in the new era of high-performance
computing.

[6]. A brand new complicated multi-level schema and function of the human brain is provided by
BBP.

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3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Need for Blue Brain Today we are urbanized because of our intelligence. Intelligence is the
inborn feature that can’t be created. Some people have this ability, so that their thinking capacity
can think up to such an extent where others can’t reach. Such intelligence is always needed by
the human society. But the intelligence is lost along with the body following death. The virtual
brain is a answer to it. The brain and intelligence will live even after the death. We often face
problems in recalling things such a person's name, born dates, the spellings of difficult words,
appropriate grammar, special dates, past history, facts etc. In this busy life every one want to be
hassle-free.
Can’t we use any machine to aid all these? Virtual brain may be the key to it. What if we upload
ourselves in a computer, what if we could live in a computer as a program? The solution for all
these queries is a development of Blue Brain.

Working of Human Brain The brain is termed as the central nervous system of a human body
weighing around 3 pounds and likely serves as an information processing centre. The function of
the brain is to receive signals from sensory neurons and respond back with new signals
instructing corresponding parts of the body to react accordingly. It rises perception and
consciousness by integrating signals received from body along with the signals from adjacent
areas of the brain. The working of nervous system is magical because it cannot be seen but it is
working through electric impulses throughout our body. Nervous system is termed as one of the
world's most "intricately organized" electron mechanism. The three main functions to understand
the working of this system is: sensory input, integration & motor output.

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4. FUNCTIONS OF BLUE BRAIN

• Sensory Input: When one sees something or touches a warm surface, the sensory cells,
which are also known as Neurons, convey a piece of information straight to the brain. Since it is
getting information from your surroundings and feeding things in your brain by one’s senses, it
is called sensory input because.

• Integration: It is also known as the interpretation of things one has sensed, felt the taste,
and touched with the sensory cells or neurons, into the body identifiable responses. This process
is accomplished in the brain where many neurons work together to understand the environment.

• Motor output: Once our brain has interpreted everything one has learned, either by
sensing through touch, felt through taste, or using any other sense organs, then our brain conveys
a piece of information through neurons to responsive cells, muscle or gland cells, that are
essential to work and perform our requests and act upon the environment.

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5. BUILDING A HUMAN BRAIN

Working of Blue Brain The working of blue brain is mainly divided into three steps which
explain the complete functioning of blue brain,They are: Data collection, Data simulation and
Visualization.

Step 1: Data collection/acquisition: It consists of diagnosing slices of brain under a microscope,

observing its shape and electrical behavior of neurons individually. The method of studying the
neurons is familiar and hence neurons are captured by density, shape, physiological and electrical
activity and the site within the cerebral cortex. All the above observed study is converted to a
precise algorithm which defines the function, process and positioning methods of neurons.
Finally these algorithms are used to recreate biologically similar looking virtual neurons ready
for simulation.

Step 2: Data simulation: The main aim is to use various algorithms to create a virtual cell that
will describe and define a real neuron. Constraints and algorithms are selected according to age,
species and disease stage of object being simulated. 'Blue brain project-software development
kit', a set of APIs allows to audit prototypes and simulations. The BBP-SDK as shown in is a C+

+ library that is wrapped in Java and Python. Neuron is the primary software used for neural
simulation. The process of data simulation consists of five sub processes namely: Input,
Interpretation, Output, Memory and Processing.

Fig 5.1. View of Brain Simulation

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• Input:- Neurons are responsible for passing message in our body. Input is conveyed by
the sensory cells to our body. Electric impulses are formed by sensory cells which are received
by the neurons. Then electric impulses which are passed through the silicon chips of artificial
neurons are further sent to the brain by neurons.

• Interpretation :- Brain receives the electric impulses from the neurons which are
developed by means of registers. Different values of the registers are accomplished by various
states of brain.

• Output:- Depending on the states of the registers, the electrified impulses are sent by the
central system called brain representing the responses which are further received by the sensory
cells to respond. The part of the body of whose sensory cells are going to receive that, depends
on the state of the neurons in the brain at that particular time.

• Memory:- Information can be permanently stored in our brain by some specific neurons.
According to our requirements, the brain interprets those states and thus past things can be
recalled. Neurons are demanded to do so and also to continuously display the accurate vision of
state of the brain.

• Processing:- By using some of the stored states, estimation will be performed by the
computer. Neural circuitry does the arithmetic and logical computations. To generate the output

stored, past experiences and current input received are used

Fig 5.2. Neuron Visualization Software

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Step 3: Visualization: An application called RTNeuron software is used by Blue brain project to
visualize the neural simulations. This software was developed internally by the BB team. Here a
3D model of neuron is designed which can be used by the researchers to cram the structure and
operation of a neuron. RT Neuron is an ad-hoc application unlike other simulations which is
written in C++ and OpenGL. The output from neuron is fetched by RT Neuron and displays them
in 3D which helps the researchers to observe the activation potential propagation through among
neurons. It also helps to interact with the 3D model by altering the animations in terms of
zooming, stopping, resuming. The RT Neuron allows the visualization to render individual
neuron as well as a complete cortical column

Fig 6.1. 3D Visualization of neuron simulation

Fig 6.1. View Of Blue Brain

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6. UPLOADING HUMAN BRAIN

Very small robots called Nanobots are the most promising factor for uploading. Modern
technology is developing machines or robots whose components are nearly close to the range of
a nanometer. Nanobots in nanobots monitor the functions and structure of our central nervous
system by moving into the spine and the brain. Watchfully scanning the structure of the brain is
the extra function of the nanobots which provides a detailed readout of the connections. Further,
these details help the machine to function as the Humans function. Ultimately, by using
nanobots, the data stored in the entire brain will be uploaded into the computer.

Data simulation has two major aspects:

• Simulation speed
• Simulation workflow BBP-SDK- Abbreviated as Blue Brain project: Software Development
Kit, it is a set of the software classes that allows researchers to examine models and simulations
and use them. The software kit is a C++ library enfolded to java and python.

HOW TO UPLOAD IN HUMAN BRAIN The uploading is possible by use of small robots
known as the Nanobots. These robots are the small enough to travel throughout our circulatory
system. Travelling into the spine and brain, they will be able to activity and structure of our
central nervous system. They will be able to provide and interface with computers that are as
close as our mind can be while we still reside in our biological from Nanobots can also carefully
scan the structure of our brain and providing a complete readout of the connections. structure of
our brain.
The information, when entered- into a computer, could then continue to function as us. Thus, the
data can stored in the entire brain that will be uploaded into the computer Merits and demerits
with the blue brain project the things can be remembered without any effort and decisions can be
made without the presence of the person. Even after the death of the man his intelligence can be
used. The activity of different animals can be understood. That means by interpretation of the
electric impulses from the brain of the animals, their thinking can be understood to easily. It
would allow the deaf to hear via direct nerve stimulation, an also be helpful for many
phycological diseases.

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Fig 6.1. View Of Nanobot

Due to the blue brain system, the human beings will become dependent on the computer
systems. Technical knowledge may be misused by hackers. Computer viruses will pose an
increasingly critical threat.

Fig 6.2. Working Of Nanobot

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7. SOFTWARE AND HARDAWARE REQUIREMENTS

• A Super Computer which is built by IBM.
• Memory with large storing Capacity
• Processor with very high processing power(100kw power consumption).
• Very powerful Nanobots to interface between natural brain and Computer.
• Wide range network.
• Linux and C++ software.

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8. APPLICATIONS
1. Gathering and Testing 100 Years of Data.
2. Cracking the Neural Code.
3. Understanding Neocortical Information Processing.
4. A Novel Tool for Drug Discovery for the Brain Disorders.
5. A Global Facility.
6. A Foundation for the Whole Brain Simulations.
7. A Foundation for Molecular Modelling of the Brain Function.

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9. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE

Advantages
Understanding the processing of human brain is very complicated, therefore Blue Brain provides
a platform to know the internal working of human brain and also how the information will be
transported through the neural networks
• It acts as a supercomputer.
• The activities of the different animals can be understood.
• Things could be remembered without any effort.
• Use the intelligence of the person even after the death.
• It can make decisions entirely of its own without presence of human brain.
• Allowing the deaf to hear via direct nerve stimulation.

Disadvantages
• Another fear with respect to human cloning.
• A very costly procedure of regaining the memory back.
• Others may use technical knowledge against us.
• Computer viruses will produce critical threat.
• We become dependent upon the computers

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10. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we will be able to transfer ourselves into computers at some points. Most
arguments are against to this outcome are seemingly easy to circumvent. They are either simple
minded, or simply require further time for the technology to increase.
Humans can be transformed into computers to some extent can be proved true. The opinion
against this result is one among the two, either dependent on simple minded or a strong call for
upgrading the technology.
Simulating the characteristics and the structure of the human intellect (brain) in the super
computer can benefit humans to a greater extent. Since trillions of simulations and connections is
to be stored and processes in the supercomputer during the simulation phase, which help in
decision making or which are essential for the case study can be recreated. This would save a
considerable amount of memory as well as help store much of necessary information of the
human brain.
• We will be able to transfer ourselves into computers at some point and this is just
beginning……………!
• Very soon this technology will be highly accepted whole over the world but wisdom
lies in right use.
• “Technology does not create Brain but Brain creates Technology”

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REFERENCES
• http://www.ijaiem.org/Volume2Issus3IJAIE M-2013-03-28- 091.pdf

• The Blue brain project, international conference IEEE 2008

• Blue Brain Project”, Nature Reviews Neuroscience.

• http://www.ijaiem.org/Volume2Issus3IJAIE M-2013-03-28- 091.pdf

• The Blue brain project, international conference IEEE 2008

• http://www.1454389822.org/1454389822_0 1_02_2016.pdf

• http:// thebeutifulbrain.com/2010/02/blue brain-film-preview

• http://bluebrainproject.epfl.ch

• http://artificialbrains.com

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