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In A Tabular fo-WPS Office

The document differentiates between cohort and cross-sectional studies, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and defines key terms like outcome, incident, exposed and unexposed. Cross-sectional studies provide a snapshot of population health at a moment, while cohort studies allow examining the relationship between exposure and outcome over time. Prospective cohort studies enroll participants and follow them over time, while retrospective cohort studies look back using existing data.

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9 views2 pages

In A Tabular fo-WPS Office

The document differentiates between cohort and cross-sectional studies, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, and defines key terms like outcome, incident, exposed and unexposed. Cross-sectional studies provide a snapshot of population health at a moment, while cohort studies allow examining the relationship between exposure and outcome over time. Prospective cohort studies enroll participants and follow them over time, while retrospective cohort studies look back using existing data.

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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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In a tabular form differentiate between cohort and cross sectional statement.

Cross sectional Cohort

Cross sectional studies do not follow individuals Unlike cross sectional the primary objective of
over time cohort is to compare the incidence that is the
number of individuals of develop outcome in both
groups

They provide a snap pictures of the population Cohort studies are useful for assessing causality
health status at specific moments because the allow researcher to examine the
temporal relationship between exposure and
outcome

Differentiate between prospective and retrospective cohort study

A prospective cohort studies, investigate enroll participants,assess exposure status, initiate


following up and measure the outcome of interest in the future. While in a retrospective cohort study
looks back in time. It uses preexisting secondary research data to examine the relationship between an
exposure and an outcome. Here, data is collected after the outcome you are studying has already
occured.

A prospective study usually have fewer potential sources of bias and confounding than retrospective
studies. While, a retrospective study looks backwards and examine exposure to suspected risk or
protection factors in relation to an outcome that is established at e state of the study.
.Using clinical examples define outcome, incident, exposed and unexposed

Exposed: it refers to any factor that maybe associated with the outcome of interest. It is also called the
predictor variable or independent variable or risk factors. For examples smoking is clearly the exposure
of interest in a study that examines whether smokers are more likely to develop lung cancer than non
smokers.

Outcome: it refers to the variable that is studied to assess the impact of the exposed on the population.
for example, outcome will like to examine the effectiveness of an anti somiking intervention program in
reducing the frequency of smoking.

Incident: in the unexposed group a measure of baseline link . For example, if a cohort study was done
and investigators observed an incidence in the exposed of 1 per 1,000,000 in 20 years

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