Machine Learning (ML)

5 of 8 sets

401. Which of the following is true about Ridge or Lasso regression methods in
case of feature selection?
A. ridge regression uses subset selection of features
B. lasso regression uses subset selection of features
C. both use subset selection of features
D. none of above
Answer:B

402. Which of the following statement(s) can

A. 1 and 2
o m
B. 1 and 3
. c
C. 2 and 4
te
D. none of the above
a
Answer:A
q M
c
M Equation.
403. We can also compute the coefficient of linear regression with the help of an
analytical method called Normal
Which of the following is/are true about Normal Equation?
1. We don't have to choose the learning rate
2. It becomes slow when number of features is very large
3. No need to iterate
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3.
C. 2 and 3.
D. 1,2 and 3.
Answer:D

404. If two variables are correlated, is it necessary that they have a linear
relationship?
A. yes
B. no
Answer:B

405. Which of the following option is true regarding Regression and Correlation
?Note: y is dependent variable and x is independent variable.
A. the relationship is symmetric between x and y in both.
B. the relationship is not symmetric between x and y in both.
C. the relationship is not symmetric between x and y in case of correlation but in case of
regression it is symmetric.
D. the relationship is symmetric between x and y in case of correlation but in case of regression it
is not symmetric.
Answer:D

406. Suppose you are using a Linear SVM classifier with 2 class classification
A. yes
B. no
Answer:A

407. If you remove the non-red circled points from the data, the decision boundary
will change?
A. true
B. false
Answer:B

408. When the C parameter is set to infinite, which of the following holds true?
A. the optimal hyperplane if exists, will be the one that completely separates the data
B. the soft-margin classifier will separate the data
C. none of the above
Answer:A

409. Suppose you are building a SVM model on data X. The data X can be error
prone which means that you should not trust any specific data point too much.
Now think that you want to build a SVM model which has quadratic kernel
function of polynomial degree 2 that uses Slack variable C as one of its hyper
parameter.What would happen when you use very large value of C(C->infinity)?
A. we can still classify data correctly for given setting of hyper parameter c
B. we can not classify data correctly for given setting of hyper parameter c
C. can?t say

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 D. none of these
Answer:A

410. SVM can solvelinearand non- linearproblems

A. true
B. false
Answer:A

411. The objective of the support vector machine algorithm is to find a hyperplane
in an N-dimensional space(N the number of features) that distinctly classifies the
data points.
A. true
B. false
Answer:A

412. Hyperplanes are boundaries that help classify the data points.
A. usual
B. decision
C. parallel
Answer:B

413. The of the hyperplane depends upon the number of features.

A. dimension
B. classification
C. reduction
Answer:A

414. Hyperplanes are decision boundaries that help classify the data points.
A. true
B. false
Answer:A

415. SVMalgorithmsusea set of mathematical functions that are defined as

thekernel.
A. true
B. false

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Answer:A

416. In SVM, Kernel function is used to map a lower dimensional data into a
higher dimensional data.
A. true
B. false
Answer:A

417. In SVR we try to fit the error within a

A. true
B. false
Answer:A

418. What is the purpose of performing cross- validation?

A. to assess the predictive performance of the models
B. to judge how the trained model performs outside the sample on test data
C. both a and b
Answer:C

419. Which of the following is true about Naive Bayes ?

A. assumes that all the features in a dataset are equally important
B. assumes that all the features in a dataset are independent
C. both a and b
D. none of the above option
Answer:C

420. Which of the following isnotsupervised learning?

A. ??pca
B. ??decision tree
C. ??naive bayesian
D. linerar regression
Answer:A

421. can be adopted when it's necessary to categorize a large amount of data
with a few complete examples or when there's the need to impose some constraints
to a clustering algorithm.

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 A. supervised
B. semi-supervised
C. reinforcement
D. clusters
Answer:B

422. In reinforcement learning, this feedback is

A. overfitting
B. overlearning
C. reward
D. none of above
Answer:C

423. In the last decade, many researchers started training bigger and bigger
models, built with several different layers that's why this approach is called .
A. deep learning
B. machine learning
C. reinforcement learning
D. unsupervised learning
Answer:A

424. there's a growing interest in pattern recognition and associative memories

whose structure and functioning are similar to what happens in the neocortex.
Such an approach also allows simpler algorithms called
A. regression
B. accuracy
C. modelfree
D. scalable
Answer:C

425. showed better performance than other approaches, even without a

context- based model
A. machine learning
B. deep learning
C. reinforcement learning
D. supervised learning

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Answer:B

426. If two variables are correlated, is it necessary that they have a linear
relationship?
A. yes
B. no
Answer:B

427. Correlated variables can have zero correlation coeffficient. True or False?
A. true
B. false
Answer:A

428. Suppose we fit Lasso Regression to a data set, which has 100 features
(X1,X2X100). Now, we rescale one of these feature by multiplying with 10 (say that
feature is X1), and then refit Lasso regression with the same regularization
parameter.Now, which of the following option will be correct?
A. it is more likely for x1 to be excluded from the model
B. it is more likely for x1 to be included in the model
C. can?t say
D. none of these
Answer:B

429. If Linear regression model perfectly first i.e., train error is zero, then
A. test error is also always zero
B. test error is non zero
C. couldn?t comment on test error
D. test error is equal to train error
Answer:C

430. Which of the following metrics can be used for evaluating regression models?
i) R Squared
ii) Adjusted R Squared
iii) F Statistics
iv) RMSE / MSE / MAE
A. ii and iv
B. i and ii

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 C. ii, iii and iv
D. i, ii, iii and iv
Answer:D

431. In syntax of linear model lm(formula,data,..), data refers to

A. matrix
B. vector
C. array
D. list
Answer:B

432. Linear Regression is a supervised machine learning algorithm.

A. true
B. false
Answer:A

433. It is possible to design a Linear regression algorithm using a neural network?

A. true
B. false
Answer:A

434. Which of the following methods do we use to find the best fit line for data in
Linear Regression?
A. least square error
B. maximum likelihood
C. logarithmic loss
D. both a and b
Answer:A

435. Suppose you are training a linear regression model. Now consider these
points.1. Overfitting is more likely if we have less data2. Overfitting is more likely
when the hypothesis space is small.Which of the above statement(s) are correct?
A. both are false
B. 1 is false and 2 is true
C. 1 is true and 2 is false
D. both are true

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Answer:C

436. We can also compute the coefficient of linear regression with the help of an
analytical method called Normal Equation. Which of the following is/are true
about Normal Equation?1. We dont have to choose the learning rate2. It becomes
slow when number of features is very large3. No need to iterate
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3.
C. 2 and 3.
D. 1,2 and 3.
Answer:D

437. Which of the following option is true regarding Regression and Correlation
?Note: y is dependent variable and x is independent variable.
A. the relationship is symmetric between x and y in both.
B. the relationship is not symmetric between x and y in both.
C. the relationship is not symmetric between x and y in case of correlation but in case of
regression it is symmetric.
D. the relationship is symmetric between x and y in case of correlation but in case of regression it
is not symmetric.
Answer:D

438. In a simple linear regression model (One independent variable), If we change

the input variable by 1 unit. How much output variable will change?
A. by 1
B. no change
C. by intercept
D. by its slope
Answer:D

439. Generally, which of the following method(s) is used for predicting continuous
dependent variable?1. Linear Regression2. Logistic Regression
A. 1 and 2
B. only 1
C. only 2
D. none of these.

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Answer:B

440. How many coefficients do you need to estimate in a simple linear regression
model (One independent variable)?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Answer:B

441. In a real problem, you should check to see if the SVM is separable and then
include slack variables if it is not separable.
A. true
B. false
Answer:B

442. Which of the following are real world applications of the SVM?
A. text and hypertext categorization
B. image classification
C. clustering of news articles
D. all of the above
Answer:D

443. 100 people are at party. Given data gives information about how many wear
pink or not, and if a man or not. Imagine a pink wearing guest leaves, was it a
man?
A. true
B. false
Answer:A

444. For the given weather data, Calculate probability of playing

A. 0.4
B. 0.64
C. 0.29
D. 0.75
Answer:B

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445. In SVR we try to fit the error within a certain threshold.
A. true
B. false
Answer:A

446. In reinforcement learning, this feedback is usually called as .

A. overfitting
B. overlearning
C. reward
D. none of above
Answer:C

447. Which of the following sentence is correct?

A. machine learning relates with the study, design and development of the algorithms that give
computers the capability to learn without being explicitly programmed.
B. data mining can be defined as the process in which the unstructured data tries to extract
knowledge or unknown interesting patterns.
C. both a & b
D. none of the above
Answer:C

448. Reinforcement learning is particularly

A. the environment is not
B. it\s often very dynamic
C. it\s impossible to have a
D. all above
Answer:D

449. Lets say, you are working with categorical feature(s) and you have not looked
at the distribution of the categorical variable in the test data. You want to apply
one hot encoding (OHE) on the categorical feature(s). What challenges you may
face if you have applied OHE on a categorical variable of train dataset?
A. all categories of categorical variable are not present in the test dataset.
B. frequency distribution of categories is different in train as compared to the test dataset.
C. train and test always have same distribution.
D. both a and b

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Answer:D

450. Which of the following sentence is FALSE regarding regression?

A. it relates inputs to outputs.
B. it is used for prediction.
C. it may be used for interpretation.
D. it discovers causal relationships.
Answer:D

451. Which of the following method is used to find the optimal features for cluster
analysis
A. k-means
B. density-based spatial clustering
C. spectral clustering find clusters
D. all above
Answer:D

452. scikit-learn also provides functions for creating dummy datasets from scratch:
A. make_classification()
B. make_regression()
C. make_blobs()
D. all above
Answer:D

453. which can accept a NumPy RandomState generator or an integer seed.

A. make_blobs
B. random_state
C. test_size
D. training_size
Answer:B

454. In many classification problems, the target dataset is made up of categorical

labels which cannot immediately be processed by any algorithm. An encoding is
needed and scikit-learn offers at least valid options
A. 1
B. 2

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 C. 3
D. 4
Answer:B

455. In which of the following each categorical label is first turned into a positive
integer and then transformed into a vector where only one feature is 1 while all the
others are 0.
A. labelencoder class
B. dictvectorizer
C. labelbinarizer class
D. featurehasher
Answer:C

456. is the most drastic one and should be considered only when the dataset
is quite large, the number of missing features is high, and any prediction could be
risky.
A. removing the whole line
B. creating sub-model to predict those features
C. using an automatic strategy to input them according to the other known values
D. all above
Answer:A

457. It's possible to specify if the scaling process must include both mean and
standard deviation using the parameters .
A. with_mean=true/false
B. with_std=true/false
C. both a & b
D. none of the mentioned
Answer:C

458. Which of the following selects the best K high-score features.

A. selectpercentile
B. featurehasher
C. selectkbest
D. all above
Answer:C

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459. How does number of observations influence overfitting? Choose the correct
answer(s).Note: Rest all parameters are same1. In case of fewer observations, it is
easy to overfit the data.2. In case of fewer observations, it is hard to overfit the
data.3. In case of more observations, it is easy to overfit the data.4. In case of more
observations, it is hard to overfit the data.
A. 1 and 4
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. none of theses
Answer:A

460. Suppose you have fitted a complex regression model on a dataset. Now, you
are using Ridge regression with tuning parameter lambda to reduce its complexity.
Choose the option(s) below which describes relationship of bias and variance with
lambda.
A. in case of very large lambda; bias is low, variance is low
B. in case of very large lambda; bias is low, variance is high
C. in case of very large lambda; bias is high, variance is low
D. in case of very large lambda; bias is high, variance is high
Answer:C

461. What is/are true about ridge regression?

1. When lambda is 0, model works like linear regression model
2. When lambda is 0, model doesn't work like linear regression model
3. When lambda goes to infinity, we get very, very small coefficients approaching 0
4. When lambda goes to infinity, we get very, very large coefficients approaching
infinity
A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
Answer:A

462. Which of the following method(s) does not have closed form solution for its
coefficients?
A. ridge regression
B. lasso
C. both ridge and lasso

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 D. none of both
Answer:B

463. Function used for linear regression in R

A. lm(formula, data)
B. lr(formula, data)
C. lrm(formula, data)
D. regression.linear(formula,
Answer:A

464. In the mathematical Equation of Linear Regression Y?=??1 + ?2X + ?, (?1,

?2) refers to
A. (x-intercept, slope)
B. (slope, x-intercept)
C. (y-intercept, slope)
D. (slope, y-intercept)
Answer:C

465. Suppose that we have N independent variables (X1,X2 Xn) and dependent
variable is Y. Now Imagine that you are applying linear regression by fitting the
best fit line using least square error on this data. You found that correlation
coefficient for one of its variable(Say X1) with Y is -0.95.Which of the following is
true for X1?
A. relation between the x1 and y is weak
B. relation between the x1 and y is strong
C. relation between the x1 and y is neutral
D. correlation can?t judge the relationship
Answer:B

466. We have been given a dataset with n records in which we have input attribute
as x and output attribute as y. Suppose we use a linear regression method to model
this data. To test our linear regressor, we split the data in training set and test set
randomly. Now we increase the training set size gradually. As the training set size
increases, what do you expect will happen with the mean training error?
A. increase
B. decrease
C. remain constant

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 D. can't say
Answer:D

467. We have been given a dataset with n records in which we have input attribute
as x and output attribute as y. Suppose we use a linear regression method to model
this data. To test our linear regressor, we split the data in training set and test set
randomly. What do you expect will happen with bias and variance as you increase
the size of training data?
A. bias increases and variance increases
B. bias decreases and variance increases
C. bias decreases and variance decreases
D. bias increases and variance decreases
Answer:D

468. Suppose, you got a situation where you find that your linear regression model
is under fitting the data. In such situation which of the following options would you
consider?
1. I will add more variables
2. I will start introducing polynomial degree variables
3. I will remove some variables
A. 1 and 2
B. 2 and 3
C. 1 and 3
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer:A

469. Problem:Players will play if weather is sunny. Is this statement is correct?

A. true
B. false
Answer:A

470. For the given weather data, Calculate probability of not playing
A. 0.4
B. 0.64
C. 0.36
D. 0.5
Answer:C

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471. Suppose you have trained an SVM with linear decision boundary after
training SVM, you correctly infer that your SVM model is under fitting.Which of
the following option would you more likely to consider iterating SVM next time?
A. you want to increase your data points
B. you want to decrease your data points
C. you will try to calculate more variables
D. you will try to reduce the features
Answer:C

472. The minimum time complexity for training an SVM is O(n2). According to
this fact, what sizes of datasets are not best suited for SVMs?
A. large datasets
B. small datasets
C. medium sized datasets
D. size does not matter
Answer:A

473. What do you mean by generalization error in terms of the SVM?

A. how far the hyperplane is from the support vectors
B. how accurately the svm can predict outcomes for unseen data
C. the threshold amount of error in an svm
Answer:B

474. We usually use feature normalization before using the Gaussian kernel in
SVM. What is true about feature normalization?
1.We do feature normalization so that new feature will dominate other
2. Some times, feature normalization is not feasible in case of categorical variables
3. Feature normalization always helps when we use Gaussian kernel in SVM
A. 1
B. 1 and 2
C. 1 and 3
D. 2 and 3
Answer:B

475. Support vectors are the data points that lie closest to the decision surface.
A. true
B. false

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Answer:A

476. If I am using all features of my dataset and I achieve 100% accuracy on my

training set, but ~70% on validation set, what should I look out for?
A. underfitting
B. nothing, the model is perfect
C. overfitting
Answer:C

477. What is the purpose of performing cross- validation?

A. to assess the predictive performance of the models
B. to judge how the trained model performs outside the
C. both a and b
Answer:C

478. Suppose you are using a Linear SVM classifier with 2 class classification
problem. Now you have been given the following data in which some points are
circled red that are representing support vectors.If you remove the following any
one red points from the data. Does the decision boundary will change?
A. yes
B. no
Answer:A

479. Linear SVMs have no hyperparameters that need to be set by cross-validation

A. true
B. false
Answer:B

480. For the given weather data, what is the probability that players will play if
weather is sunny
A. 0.5
B. 0.26
C. 0.73
D. 0.6
Answer:D

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481. 100 people are at party. Given data gives information about how many wear
pink or not, and if a man or not. Imagine a pink wearing guest leaves, what is the
probability of being a man
A. 0.4
B. 0.2
C. 0.6
D. 0.45
Answer:B

482. Linear SVMs have no hyperparameters

A. true
B. false
Answer:B

483. What are the different Algorithm techniques in Machine Learning?

A. supervised learning and semi-
B. unsupervised learning and transduction
C. both a & b
D. none of the mentioned
Answer:C

484. can be adopted when it's necessary to categorize a large amount of data
with a few complete examples or when there's the need to
A. supervised
B. semi- supervised
C. reinforcement
D. clusters
Answer:B

485. In reinforcement learning, this feedback is usually called as .

A. overfitting
B. overlearning
C. reward
D. none of above
Answer:C

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486. In the last decade, many researchers started training bigger and bigger
models, built with several different layers that's why this approach is called .
A. deep learning
B. machine learning
C. reinforcement learning
D. unsupervised learning
Answer:A

487. What does learning exactly mean?

A. robots are programed so that they can
B. a set of data is used to discover the
C. learning is the ability to change
D. it is a set of data is used to discover the
Answer:C

488. When it is necessary to allow the model to develop a generalization ability and
avoid a common problem called .
A. overfitting
B. overlearning
C. classification
D. regression
Answer:A

489. Techniques involve the usage of both labeled and unlabeled data is called .
A. supervised
B. semi- supervised
C. unsupervised
D. none of the above
Answer:B

490. there's a growing interest in pattern recognition and associative memories

whose structure and functioning are similar to what happens in the neocortex.
Such an
A. regression
B. accuracy
C. modelfree

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 D. scalable
Answer:C

491. showed better performance than other approaches, even without a

context-based model
A. machine learning
B. deep learning
C. reinforcement learning
D. supervised learning
Answer:B

492. Which of the following sentence is correct?

A. machine learning relates with the study,
B. data mining can be defined as the process
C. both a & b
D. none of the above
Answer:C

493. What is ‘Overfitting’ in Machine learning?

A. when a statistical model describes random error or noise instead of
B. robots are programed so that they can perform the task based on data they gather from
C. while involving the process of learning ‘overfitting’ occurs.
D. a set of data is used to discover the potentially predictive relationship
Answer:A

494. What is ‘Test set’?

A. test set is used to test the accuracy of the hypotheses generated by the learner.
B. it is a set of data is used to discover the potentially predictive relationship.
C. both a & b
D. none of above
Answer:A

495. what is the function of ‘Supervised Learning’?

A. classifications, predict time series, annotate strings
B. speech recognition, regression
C. both a & b

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 D. none of above
Answer:C

496. Commons unsupervised applications include

A. object segmentation
B. similarity detection
C. automatic labeling
D. all above
Answer:D

497. Reinforcement learning is particularly efficient when .

A. the environment is not completely deterministic
B. it\s often very dynamic
C. it\s impossible to have a precise error measure
D. all above
Answer:D

498. During the last few years, many algorithms have been applied to deep
neural networks to learn the best policy for playing Atari video games and to teach
an agent how to associate the right action with an input representing
the state.
A. logical
B. classical
C. classification
D. none of above
Answer:D

499. Common deep learning applications include

A. image classification, real-time visual tracking
B. autonomous car driving, logistic optimization
C. bioinformatics, speech recognition
D. all above
Answer:D

500. if there is only a discrete number of possible outcomes (called categories), the
process becomes a .
A. regression

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 B. classification.
C. modelfree
D. categories
Answer:B

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