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06 - EMD Basic WindPRO Course Pitfalls

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19 views

06 - EMD Basic WindPRO Course Pitfalls

Uploaded by

romulo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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windPRO BASIC course – WAsP Pitfalls

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 1


Pitfalls - but avoidable by the user
BIBO – Bad input, bad output!

• Resolution of orographic map (digital elevation model DEM):


• If resolution is too course, poor estimation of z for masts/WTGs
• Inconsistent roughness lines

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 2


Pitfalls – not necessarily avoidable by the user
Non-compliance with Similarity Principle:
Mast and WTG position should be as similar as possible with respect to:

• Terrain conditions
• Elevation (height above sea level)
• Distance to roughness change
• Complexity (ruggedness index RIX)
• Topographic effects like funnel effect
• Climatic conditions
• Regional wind regime
• Primary forces driving the wind e.g. sea
breeze
• Atmospheric stability
• Others
• Height above ground
Source: GH GL

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 3


The Issue of Flow Separation
• WAsP (linear flow model) translates steepness of terrain into speed-up
• Assumptions is violated when flow separation occurs, which happens at
approximately 30-40% (17°-22°)

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 4


How to Evaluate the Risk of Separation?
Task: Quantification of how much area is not “WAsP-compliant”

Ruggedness Index (RIX):


• How much of a specific area
exceeds a certain slope?
• Percentage of area where the slope
exceeds e.g. 22 degree = 40%
respectively 17 degree = 30% (old
fashioned)
• Default radius 3500m
• -> steepness map
Terrain slopes: Yellow indicate slopes >17°,
red indicates slopes > 22°

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 5


How to make use of Ruggedness Index RIX
• Remember Similarity Principle!
• Compare ”terrain-complexity WTG” with ”terrain-complexity mast”
• Direct relationship
between error and Δ RIX
• Δ RIX = RIX WTG - RIX mast Over-
prediction

• If ∆RIX ≈ 0
→ reliable prediction
Under-
prediction
Operationally:
• If |∆RIX| < 5%
RIX WTG - RIX mast
→ reliable prediction
EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 6
Case 1: Complexity Mast < Complexity WTG
• RIX WTG > RIX mast
• Δ RIX > 0
• Over-prediction

Over-
prediction

Under-
prediction

RIX WTG - RIX mast

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 7


Case 2: Complexity Mast > Complexity WTG
• RIX WTG < RIX mast
• Δ RIX < 0
• Under-prediction

Over-
prediction

Under-
prediction

RIX WTG - RIX mast

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 8


RIX in windPRO
• windPRO performs
correction
• User can edit terrain
slope limit, radius etc

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 9


The more advanced solution: Use CFD
RECOMMENDATION:
|∆RIX| > 5% → time to run non-linear CFD

Options in windPRO:
• Fully integrated:
• WAsP CFD
• OF Wind
• External models (through flowres):
• WindSim
• meteodyn

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 10


The fastest: WAsP CFD
Fully automated calculation → no CFD
knowledge required
Decouple results from user decisions (more
‘objective’ results)
Computational resources online →
unprecedented numerical resolution
No hard-/software investments required
No need to re-run when new wind data
available

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 11


How big is the improvement with WAsP CFD?
• Comparison between RIX experimental site and WAsP CFD
Ln wind speed prediction error
Upred/Umeas

Source: https://help.emd.dk/knowledgebase/content/TechNotes/TechNote_4_WAsPCFD_EMD_ValidationReport.pdf

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 12


How to execute the run for WAsP CFD
1. Define one or more 2x2 km2 area(s)
2. Connect to EMD cluster (Cerebrum) and run
3. Each area generates a result file: email when done (~45’/area*)
4. Download result(s) into WindPRO
5. Proceed as with WAsP:
Make a CFD wind statistic: mast + CFD result (STATGEN)
Make a resource file: CFD wind statistic + CFD result (RESOURCE)
Make a wind farm AEP calculation: (PARK)
using A) CFD wind statistic + CFD result
or B) CFD resource file

*Assuming no queue on cluster!


EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 13
Teaser

More about CFD in the Advanced Course!

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 14


Other Challenges of WAsP
• Poor vertical profile prediction in complex terrain due to linearization
• Assumes Weibull distribution
• Limited handling of atmospheric stability
• Assumes time-independence, which is not right
• Physics in WAsP valid in surface boundary layer only
➔ Violation when hitting inversion layer, which can be as low as 50m in stable conditions
➔ Violation can be mitigated with high measurement heights

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 15


Key Take-Aways
• Similarity principle is key
• Simplification inside WAsP like Weibull distribution and constant
atmospheric stability might reduce accuracy
• time-varying calculation helps
• Due to linearization poor prediction in complex terrain
• Δ RIX as indicator, CFD more advanced
• WAsP CFD as the fastest option

EMD windPRO BASIC course - Pitfall of WAsP 16

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