Applied - 3IS-Q1-Module 4 - Understanding Ways To Collect Data
Applied - 3IS-Q1-Module 4 - Understanding Ways To Collect Data
Inquiries, Investigation,
and Immersion
Quarter 1- Module 4- Week 6
Learning Target
Vocabulary List
Warming Up
Many times those that undertake a research project often find they are not
aware of the differences between Qualitative Research and Quantitative
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Research methods. Many mistakenly think the two terms can be used
interchangeably.
LEARNING ABOUT IT
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Qualitative Research
What to Know: Qualitative research study is not but one kind. But just as with
quantitative methods, there are actually many varieties of qualitative methods.
Similar to the way group usability testing methods, there are also a number of
ways to segment qualitative methods.
You may choose the appropriate qualitative research design in order to collect
the needed data of the study.
While the five methods generally use similar data collection techniques
(observation, interviews, and reviewing text), the purpose of the study
differentiates them—something similar with different types of usability tests. And
like classifying different usability studies, the differences between the methods
can be a bit blurry. Here are the five qualitative methods in more detail.
1. Ethnography
Ethnographic research is probably the most familiar and applicable
type of qualitative method to UX professionals. In ethnography, you
immerse yourself in the target participants’ environment to understand
the goals, cultures, challenges, motivations, and themes that emerge.
Ethnography has its roots in cultural anthropology where researchers
immerse themselves within a culture, often for years! Rather than
relying on interviews or surveys, you experience the environment first
hand, and sometimes as a “participant observer.” For example, one way
of uncovering the unmet needs of customers is to “follow them home”
and observe them as they interact with the product. You don’t come
armed with any hypotheses to necessarily test; rather, you’re looking to
find out how a product is used.
Source: https://www.snapsurveys.com/blog/qualitative-vs-quantitative-research/
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2. Narrative
3. Phenomenological
4. Grounded Theory
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Whereas a phenomenological study looks to describe the essence
of an activity or event, grounded theory looks to provide an explanation or
theory behind the events. You use primarily interviews and existing
documents to build a theory based on the data. You go through a series of
open and axial coding techniques to identify themes and build the theory.
Sample sizes are often also larger—between 20 to 60—with these studies
to better establish a theory. Grounded theory can help inform design
decisions by better understanding how a community of users currently use
a product or perform tasks.
5. Case Study
The qualitative paradigm suggests that there are multiple realities, and
what we are researching are constructs. In qualitative research, generally the
phenomenon is studied in its natural setting and the focus is on the
participants’ (and also the researcher’s) view of the world. In other words,
qualitative research usually does not happen in a lab, or while sitting at a
desk. It generally requires going out, talking to people, observing what they
do, as well as how they perceive and interpret things. Also, it does not aim to
generalize findings to entire populations. Therefore, the research question
that you ultimately choose guides your inquiry and reflects this stance. The
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vocabulary of your questions will usually suggest to the reader your intent to
explore a certain phenomenon in its natural context.
It is very unlikely that your first attempt to develop a good research question
will be without hurdles. Every question usually undergoes a process of
reflection and refinement before you get your question to its final version. It
is usually helpful to share your draft question with others (mentor, advisor,
colleagues, other students) so they can comment on it and help you improve
and reach better clarity.
The process of crafting a good research question can begin with writing
down a qualitative purpose statement regarding your research. When
accomplishing this try using words such as explore, understand, discover.
Your purpose statement can also mention the participants and the research
site. An example of a purpose statement would be: The purpose of this study
is to explore how online tools can help with dieting.
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various methods of interpreting data. Here are some qualitative research
question examples that could be used through different qualitative
approaches:
Grounded theory:
What are the attitudes of elderly people with stroke towards the daily use of
assistive devices and technologies?
Phenomenology:
What role does the therapist’s spirituality play in the treatment of his or her
patients?
How do female high school teachers who have been physically assaulted
by students overcome their fears so they can effectively teach?
Ethnography:
How do adolescent Latinas/Latinos conceptualize classroom participation
processes shape active oral participation?
Narrative inquiry:
How does a good everyday life come about when living with chronic
rheumatic conditions?
Case study:
What strategies are being used by small businesses that have effective
and viable workplace wellness programs?
#1 – Survey Research
Using the survey research as the method of research, an organization
conducting survey ask different survey questions from the respondents using
the various types like online surveys, online polls paper questionnaires, etc
and then collect data and analyze collected data in order to produce the
numerical results.
#2 – Causal-Comparative Research
Causal-Comparative Research method is used to draw conclusions with
respect to the cause and effect equation between the two or more than two
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variables, where the one variable will be dependent on other variables which
will be independent.
#3 – Experimental Research
This analysis is done for the purpose of proving or for disproving the
statement. It is generally used in the field of natural sciences or in the field of
social sciences as in those areas various statements are there which
required to be proved as right or wrong
#4 – Correlation Research
Correlation Research conducted for establishing a relationship between the
two closely associated entities for knowing the impact of one on other and
the changes which eventually observed. It is carried for giving value to the
naturally occurring relationships. For this research minimum, two different
groups will be required.
Source: https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/quantitative-research/
Quantitative research questions are generally used to set the scene for
an entire study or industry report. For quantitative business research it is
imperative that the research questions used allow your respondents to
answer succinctly. With that in mind there are three common types of
quantitative research questions:
Let’s take a look in greater detail at the typical formats you can use
when preparing quantitative market research questions.
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Here are a few examples to get you started:
Question Variable Demographic
How often do you buy mobile Number of mobile apps Smartphone users
apps for fitness purposes? bought Fitness enthusiasts
How much would you be The cost respondents Men aged 18-40
willing to pay for a men’s would be willing to pay for
lifestyle magazine? a men’s lifestyle magazine
How regularly do you go Number of times Families & adults
abroad for a holiday? respondents go on holiday aged 18-and-over
abroad
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Here, the term relationship is used more to describe an association or
trend between two or more variables within one or more demographic groups.
Source: https://www.bl.uk/business-and-ip-centre/articles/what-are-
typicalquantitative-research-questions
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Keeping You in Practice
RUBRICS
Critical Thinking - 30%
Appropriateness - 20%
Content - 30%
Organization - 20%
Total - 100%
Points to Ponder
When you conduct Qualitative research, you need to qualify the data from
observation, key -informant/s or focused group discussion by describing
or projecting images or figures into words. While using Quantitative
research, as the name implies, is gathering quantifiable data and
performing statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques.
References
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