TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES QUEZON CITY

#938 AURORA BLVD. CUBAO, QUEZON CITY

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 09

TITLE: GOOD VOYAGE “MOVING THE MASSES”: A PROPOSED ANTIPOLO GRAND TERMINAL IN SITIO
CABADING GEARED TOWARDS A MORE TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT CITY THROUGH
PLACEMAKING APPROACH AND MAXIMIZING ALTERNATIVES

NAME: LEYVA, JUAN CARLO L.

COURSE / SECTION: AR 501 – ARCH51S2

ADVISER: AR. MELVIN DC ANICIETE

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Movement has been a part of humanity since time immemorial, from crawling to first baby steps, walking, running, a
few trips and tumbles, then walking upright and with grace, to cycling, motor biking, driving a car, riding, flying, and
sailing. Almost all frontiers are yet to be conquered by movement and travel, no mountain too high no ocean too
deep, transportation will find a way, from land, sea, air and space. From beasts of burden to mechanical movers.

Separated by distance? Transportation will make short work of the gap. Too many things to carry? Transport will
haul. Be it an object, animals, people, living, non-living, tangible or non-tangible abstracts, it has some form of
dynamism, it has to move, it has to go somewhere, it must propagate, multiply, consume and thrive, or in bad case,
dissipate, expire.

Interaction among individuals and groups, sharing of ideas, knowledge and experiences, sharing or bartering things
or what we call “trading”. One thing might be available to one place while another may not have it and vice versa –
some lands can grow a type of crop while the other cannot grow that particular specie but can grow a different one, in
supply and in demand. Variety, mixing and combining. Same with people, and this is the beauty of complements,
filling in what the other lacks and reciprocity, a good trade leads to good economy.

Transportation answers all of the above, connecting people, places and ideas. Serving as a conveyance for
provisions and sustenance. Carrying and hauling things that are too heavy, ferrying when the distance is too far or
perilous. Relaying goods through the pipes like water and oil, electricity through wires, as long as there is a literal
way, transportation is possible. Transportation will always be our tool, our partner in progress.

Philippines as a developing country relies heavily on various public transportation modes but it is challenged by
heavy traffic congestions especially on the roads of Metro Manila which is notoriously known globally to have a really
bad traffic problems.

1.1. THE PROJECT

The project is a transportation terminal located in the area of Sitio Cabading, along the Marcos highway bounded by
the curved road nearby the Cabading Welcome Arch. the idea is to provide a designated facility to accommodate the
developing government center of Antipolo City and its many offices and services. With this in consideration, the
expected influx of people and goods are to be channeled easily and become efficient in facilitating the coming and
going of visitors and residents alike. The project will serve as a hub or gateway to and from the area, a public place
and a landmark.

The project is a part of the city’s government cluster development, and it can also become a contributor to the
economic development of the place, as the city hall cluster operates, people will always have functional needs, food
for the hungry, drink for the thirsty, a place of rest and respite, and a place for restroom. Both for the clients and the
servers.

The size of the project’s intended lot is 2 hectares or more for the vehicle terminal and the convenience facilities of
the users and the operators, a charging station to accommodate electric powered vehicles, a repair depot or motor
pool for maintenance checks of the vehicles to ensure safety in travels, security measures to prevent criminal
conduct or misbehavior.

1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

On a global scale – transportation issue such as congestions and delays, especially in populous countries where high
volumes of people, vehicles and activities occupy too much space with little wiggle room or allowance, this may be an
issue on infrastructure and planning of the cityscape and road networking, the problems that spawned from the
industrial revolution also have residual effects

The competition for fossil fuel reserves and the dependence on machines and vehicles that are powered by
traditional fuel,

The countries reliance on gas supply as it can be felt immediately during and when the oil price fluctuates, product
prices also follow suit, services become more costly to cover up the expenses in processing and so on.

The prevalence of traditional and outdated Jeepney models that run on crude oil and are the major contributors of air
pollution.

Philippine’s Urban Mobility Readiness ranks low

Lack of designated terminal/s in the area

1.3. PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

Promote the use of Public Transportation

Reshape the locale to switch to Transit-Oriented Development – motivating the people by designing infrastructures
that foster walkability and bicycle friendly streets, and by providing sites that can be accessed easily and efficiently by
the people, regardless of differences and capabilities, users will be incentivized in living healthy and promoting
physical activity

Reduce the urge to use private transportation – designing a terminal alone is not enough, but by doing so, public
transportation will boom and will become a more economical alternative to using one’s own vehicle, imagine the
roads dedicated solely to mass transportation or “people-movers” and haulers of goods and raw materials, if that idea
is to be realized, less emissions from vehicles will be produced and will contribute to the lessening of world air
pollution impact.

Provide infrastructure that house charging stations to accommodate the new models of electric powered vehicles

To make a gateway for visitors and denizens to and from the vicinity

1.4. THE CLIENT

Antipolo City Government

City Mission and Vision

1.5. PROJECT SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

PROJECT SCOPE: the study for the project will focus on the following:

 The form and functionality of an optimal built environment that can facilitate related activities and operations.
Space requirements for open areas, paths for movement and flow. Maximizing positive and negative
spaces.
  The trends in the demand for public transportation in select areas. The demographics and social
classifications based on specialties and nature of occupation.
 The design solutions that are successful, tested and proven to be ideal in the settings of the project. Leaning
towards on saving operational costs and maintenance (sustainable design).
 The user’s demands: both the passengers and operators, will be examined on terms health [physical,
mental well-being], economical interaction [affordability, revenue generation, relevance of specific services].
 The project’s location in relation to other facilities and connecting roads. The study will tackle the projection
of population that will be on the area.

PROJECT LIMITATIONS: the study will touch upon but will not heavily invest on the following:

 The specific companies that will avail and occupy the transportation terminal – their operations are of their
own discretion and how they will manage and enact their policies.
 The study will lightly touch on the culture, psychological aspect of its many and varying users but not in
depth as the project focuses on amenities and spaces. Only the user’s basic needs and convenience are
tagged high priority in relation to the project are of functional in nature – food, water, shelter, comfort,
security are focused on.
 The study will skim on the surrounding developments and infrastructures but will not go into detail for each
particular functions.
 The study will not cover regions beyond the catchment radius of the selected site for the project and will
focus only on the immediate settings of the area and how it will accommodate users

CHAPTER II: DESIGN PROCESS

1. Problem Identification And Definition

2. Research And Analysis
3. Concept Development
4. Design Development
5. Evaluation And Refinement
6. Documentation And Communication

2.2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND CASE STUDIES

The study will use the methodology of literature review and case studies of various existing terminals both local and
foreign, evaluate their performance, their cultural context, level of operations, historical value and relevance.

Additional data, facts, space requirements are examined and all pieces that are deemed useful for the approved topic
will be noted and applied to the project.

2.2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW

Public transportation as a promoter of Inclusive Design

Public transportation towards economic growth and development

Public transportation in Philippine Context as a developing country

2.2.2. CASE STUDIES

Copenhagen Bicycle Culture – people of Copenhagen are

Lucena Grand Terminal – intermodal public transportation implemented on Lucena, Quezon and their city ordinance
restrict the flow of public transports within the city and limited only to drop-off their passengers in the designated
terminal

Batangas Grand Terminal -

2.2.3. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

CHAPTER III: SITE SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION

3.1. SITE SELECTION CRITERIA / SITE SUITABILITY ANALYSIS

NATURAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, PHYSICAL FACTORS

Criteria % Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Score
Land area / lot size (20%) 5 3 5
Accessibility (modes of transportations) (10%) 4 3 4
Soil characteristics & condition (10%) 4 3 4
Accessibility to utility and service needs (10%) 5 5 5
(electricity, water, communications
service, and waste management)
Vulnerabilities to natural hazards (10%) 5 2 4
(flooding, site erosion, seismologic
activity)
Site drainage (5%) 5 5 5
Topography (10%) 3 2 4
Climate (10%) 5 4 5
Orientation (5%) 4 4 5
Existing vegetation (5%) 4 2 4
Future expansion plan (5%) 5 2 4

LEGAL, INSTITUTIONAL, ADMINISTRATION, AND AESTHETIC FACTOR

Criteria % Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Score
Proper land use & zoning (20%) 5 5 5
Ease of ownership (25%) 5 5 5
Land cost (35%) 4 4 4
Compatibility with adjacent land use (20%) 5 5 5

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL FACTOR

Criteria % Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Score
Site potential (20%) 4 4 5
Accessibility to major roads (30%) 5 5 5
Must be within urban area (20%) 4 4 4
Accessibility to important existing (15%) 5 5 5
facilities
 Pedestrian access and circulation (15%) 5 3 4

3.2. SITE SELECTION AND DESCRIPTION

The selected site is situated on the Cabading Arch as a landmark bounded by a curving road and offers an
advantageous frontage to develop an efficient ingress and egress for the transports and the users as well as
enhance the façade of the building to exude a welcoming presence, the area is relatively flat on the adjacent side of
the road and gently sloping inwards with a sudden dip at the boundary

3.3. SITE EVALUATION

The site permits a low need for earthworks as there is a gentle slope grade and the area needed for the vehicle bays
will be designated on the mostly flat terrain, the residual areas will be filled in with structural braces for stability and
bio swales to serve as complementary drain support and beatification of the landscape.

3.4. SITE JUSTIFICATION

The chosen site have the ideal slope and flatness for the intended project, the slope provides a natural drainage
feature for rainwater runoff and the flat portions are to be allocated for vehicle bays and parking and also will not put
strain in the engines in negotiating the terrain.

The site also have a vantage point on both sides overlooking the mountain range and the lowlands.

3.5. MACRO-MESO SITE ANALYSIS: REGION / PROVINCE / CITY / TOWN

1. REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Region IV-A CALABARZON

It is a landlocked region comprising of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon

2. PROVINCIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Province of Rizal

The province of Rizal is a

3. CITY/TOWN CHARACTERISTICS

City of Antipolo

4. COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS

Citizens of Antipolo “Antipoleños”

5. JUSTIFICATION OF LOCATION BASED ON RUBRICS [SUPPORT WITH PHOTOS AND DOCUMENTATIONS]

3.6 MICRO SITE ANALYSIS: THE SITE AND ITS IMMEDIATE ENVIRONS

1. Characteristics of the actual lot and its immediate environs

The site is bounded on the North and Northwest by Marcos Highway and is adjacent to an active infrastructure
comprised of small time commercial establishments, a nearby hospital to its West, a government facilities cluster to
its Southwest, AiTech School to the far Southwest, and a dipping terrain with a river to the South and a private lot to
its East.

The site has an elevation of 300 – 350 meters above sea level and enjoys a breeze of wind which can be a bonus on
natural ventilation, a must on a transport terminal. It’s nestled on a ridge gently descending along a zigzagged road, it
offers a great vantage point in viewing the landscape and the lowlands, the mountain ranges and the rice paddies.

The site receives adequate sunlight from the East during dawn, overhead on noon time and Southwest on dusk.
Ample vegetation and tree cover provide natural shading but the undisturbed growth of the foliage means
unorganized landscaping aesthetic and can be enhanced by a little intervention and taming. The occasional bird
flocks (Eurasian Sparrow) fly over the site and will land to feed on insects on the ground. The site shows signs of a
healthy ecosystem but with few patched of disturbed and landscaped areas.

2. Justification of the score given based on rubrics and criteria [support with maps, photos and documentations]

CHAPTER IV: DESIGN INPUTS

4.1. DESIGN STANDARDS

BP 344 Accessibility Law – This code is followed to make the design of the building and its spaces accessible and
PWD-friendly, promoting a more confident and independent movement through the grounds and use of the
amenities.

Fire Code of the Philippines – This code is followed to ensure safety and security from spontaneous combustion and
fire hazards, point being, some parts of the facility contain flammable and volatile compounds and the vehicles
themselves are susceptible to blazing up. Measures to extinguishing the flames and containing the spread are strictly
enforced and observed.

Structural Code of the Philippines – This code is followed to build the project to the standards of safe and sound
quality, ensuring protection of lives and property. Preventing collapses and structural failures at all calculated
conditions and scenarios.

National Building Code of the Philippines – This code is followed to make the building up to the standards of the
regulations and to also be in proper accordance to the local ordinances, ensuring sound construction, implementation
and development of the building/project in relation to its contextual settings.

4.2. BUILDING SYSTEMS

HVAC, elevator system, lighting controls, smoke detection and control, indoor air quality system, electricity
distribution system, water management, energy and water metering system, fire detection and alarm, security access
control and monitoring/surveillance, intrusion detection and alarms, indoor environment controls, cooling and heating
systems, central management system / master control room, PSA/intercoms, general automation etc.

4.2.1. ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

Passive cooling for thermal comfort

Wind catch, fenestrations and other geometrical orientations

Rainwater harvesting equipment + catch basin & bio swales

Landscaping Irrigation & Evapotranspiration

4.2.2. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

Arched portal frame structural system and arches – to permit undisturbed span and interior open spaces, Arched or
curved geometry helps in deflecting winds and transferring loads evenly

4.2.3. UTILITY SYSTEMS

Water intake/supply and sewerage systems (plumbing and treatment)

Electricity and lighting.

Fire protection measures (sprinklers and hose extinguishers)

Waste disposal (sanitation)

Storm water management (greywater treatment)

Telecommunications for the administration

4.2.4. OTHER TECHNICAL ISSUES

CHAPTER V: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND PROGRAMMING

5.1 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

5.1.1. SITE PLANNING AND SITE PROGRAMMING

Open Space Ratio – 20% - 35%

Floor Area Ratio

Permeability Ratio

Parking Ratio

Site Zoning – Planned Unit Development

5.1.2. BUILDING SPACE PROGRAM

Computed User Demand; Furniture, Fixture, and Equipment Space Requirements

Expected Flow of User Types

Organizational Chart

Space Analysis
User Analysis

Space Adjacency Matrix

Bubble Diagrams / Block Plans

Gross Floor Area

Net Floor Area

Floor Efficiency Ratio

Space Program Matrix

Building Massing

Entrance, receiving, waiting area, amenities and supplies, comfort rooms,

5.1.3. DESIGN CONSTRAINTS

Economic

Environmental

Cultural

Social

Ethical

Health and Safety

Viability

Sustainability

Limited to the size of the lot, ingress and egress points in relation to the road network

5.2. DESIGN FEATURES

Wide expanse of interior open space

5.2.1. ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER – capacity to express a particular function and status – can be expressed in
a variety of styles – appropriate setting, character, and style should be capable of evoking abstract values,
uniqueness and aesthetics.

Design melding with the environment palette and them, organic and natural. Synthesis of natural and artificial means

5.2.2. INNOVATIONS

On Wind Power…

What is a Helical Wind Turbine?

A helical vertical axis wind turbine was built with the purpose of covering the electricity supply for a household with an
average consumption of approximately 1500 kw/h per year.

The helical wind turbine is an odd-looking piece of green technology that harnesses the power of the wind to
generate electricity. In the vast majority of instances, the design of the helical wind turbine incorporates a spiral of
some kind. These turbines frequently have the appearance of enormous drill bits or DNA helixes pointing upward.
Although they can be found in a wide variety of styles, configurations, and even colors, helical wind turbines all share
a common goal: to harness the wind’s potential to generate usable energy.

HELICAL WIND TURBINE

In stark contrast to a conventional wind turbine, which is typically constructed along a horizontal axis line, a helical
wind turbine is typically constructed along a vertical axis line. The turbine has been designed to stare upward,
specifically at the clouds. In its most fundamental configuration, the helical wind turbine is comprised of three airfoil
blades that are affixed to a vertical rotor shaft. These blades spiral downward and feature a helical twist that is
typically around sixty degrees in one-degree increments.

Georges Jean Marie Darrieus, a French engineer who specialized in the field of aeronautics, is credited with being
the first person to conceive of the idea for the helical wind turbine in 1927. Darrieus conceived of and constructed a
wind turbine that featured a main rotor shaft that ran in a vertical orientation. His invention, which he named the
Darrieus wind turbine, was the progenitor of the modern helical wind turbine, which we use today. Even though it has
since been discovered that his design has a number of shortcomings, the sheer ingenuity of the concept has been
preserved and improved upon by a great number of modern engineers.

Helical wind turbines are notable for being comparatively quieter than other types of wind turbines. The blade tips of
regular turbines frequently reach speeds that are very close to the speed of sound. Anyone in the vicinity may find
the high-pitched screeching sound produced by this high airspeed to be grating and distracting. The structure of
helical wind turbines makes it possible to achieve lower speeds all the way along the length of each blade. These
slower speeds eliminate a significant portion of the irritating sound that is typically associated with wind turbines.

One more advantage of these turbines is that they can start turning and producing energy even if there is only a very
slight presence of wind and the wind speed is quite low. After a significant amount of wind has been required to get
the blades of a conventional turbine spinning, the motion can then be maintained by moderate or even low amounts
of wind. Helical wind turbines can be started up with hardly any wind at all, and in fact, they are frequently found to be
in full motion with only the slightest breezes.

On the other hand, these turbines can also be used in regions where the wind speed is too high for the safe
operation of conventional turbines. This allows for more versatility in terms of their application. When the wind speed
exceeds a certain threshold, it is necessary for regular turbines to be stopped and secured. Because of the way it is
constructed, a standard wind turbine has the potential to become a threat to public safety in locations that experience
high wind speeds or when severe weather is present. Even when operating in the most hazardous conditions, helical
wind turbines are safe to use.

The fact that helical wind turbines can be installed in urban areas with much less difficulty is yet another significant
benefit offered by these machines. In order to get the most use out of conventional turbines, they typically need to be
installed at a great height above the ground. Helical wind turbines, on the other hand, are able to be mounted
relatively close to the ground or even simply installed on the top of a building with very little additional height required.
Because of this, it is becoming increasingly common to find wind turbines like these in residential neighborhoods, on
rooftops, in backyards, and even in airports and other types of commercial structures.

CONCLUSION

Although they can be found in a wide variety of styles, configurations, and even colors, helical wind turbines all share
a common goal: to harness the wind’s potential to generate usable energy. The regular wind turbine, on the other
hand, is typically crafted along a horizontal axis line, whereas the helical wind turbine is generally crafted along a
vertical axis line. His invention, which he named the Darrieus wind turbine, was the progenitor of the modern helical
wind turbine, which we use today.

FAQ

What is meant by the term “helix wind turbine”?

The wind of change helix wind turbines can be safely installed on the wall, the pole, or the roof of the building. It does
this by harnessing the natural, regenerative power of the wind and turning it into electricity. Because of this, the wind
turbine in question is one of the most cost-effective energy systems for fixed, residential, commercial, public, and
mobile usage. Moreover, it is mobile.

How does a helix turbine generate power?

The turbines feature scoops, or aero foils, positioned around a vertical shaft, and they are rotated by the wind. Unlike
most current wind turbine blades, the scoops do not create lift, and thus they can travel only as fast as the wind.

Are helical wind turbines efficient?

In addition to having a one-of-a-kind and ( subjectively speaking) appealing design, they are more energy efficient
than the typical VAWT. Because helical wind turbines come with rotor shafts that are aligned vertically, you can put
several of them on your property or roof very close to each other.

A New Spin on Efficiency

What if we could capture the wind created by passing cars with roadside turbines, and turn it into usable energy?
“We are working with a company called Capture Mobility. It has invented a wind turbine that harvests the energy of
moving air created by passing traffic on busy roads and motorways and turns it into electricity. The turbines are
topped with solar panels to add to the power generated. The turbines also contain air filters to absorb pollution from
traffic emissions. We are collaborating with capture mobility to help install turbines along a busy stretch of road and
help to capture the energy for use in a local community.”
With nearly two billion cars in the world, its clear traditional vehicles aren’t going away anytime soon. Capture Mobility
could use its turbines to harvest air movement created by vehicles to supplement local power grids, thereby recycling
automotive energy and offsetting emissions from vehicles.

With an expanding population expected to surpass 9 billion by 2040, according to the International Energy Agency
(IEA), the world will need to roughly double its energy supply by mid-century, and focus on fostering clean sources of
power. Simply growing the grid won’t do; with future economic and population growth concentrated in developing
countries, new infrastructure will often be built in areas without reliable access to power today (a quarter of India’s
surging population can’t reliably access electricity).

It’s an unprecedented clean energy challenge: create affordable, scalable and decentralized power. How do you
tackle a challenge of this scale? It requires progressive change, something shell supports via shell livewire and shell
springboard, and initiatives which have provided assistance and millions in funding to help startups and today’s clean
energy innovators realize their visions. Real shifts often come from small, smart and flexible ideas, ones that seem as
outlandish as harvesting the sun’s rays with silicon seemed more than a half century ago.

For Pakistani electrical engineer Sanwal Muneer, 22, the solution came by recasting a longtime enemy of
environmentalists — traffic — as a savior and energy source. The company he co-founded with CTO Asad Liaquat
and Sidra Muneer, Capture Mobility, a Shell Livewire Alumnus that recently won an outstanding achievement award
from the UK Trade and Investment Department, manufactures eight-foot tall columns topped with a spinning turbine,
which resemble roadside artwork. But when positioned in medians or along highways, the hybrid power source uses
a built-in helical turbine, turned by the wind and turbulence from passing cars and trucks, as well as solar panels, to
generate electricity. Portable enough for roadsides and rural areas, the device creates enough power in a day to run
a small home. Removable filters also help clean air that’s been polluted by passing traffic.

“I wanted to create something that could be scaled up easily.”

The idea for Capture Mobility came to Muneer in 2013, when he was competing in Shell Eco-Marathon — a
competition to design, build and test an energy-efficient vehicle. A stray observation led him to consider the high
speed traffic turbulence which made him think about using wind turbines to capture the energy of traffic being
wasted; soon he was planting prototypes beside local roads.

“I wanted to create something that could be scaled up easily irrespective of geography and environment,” says
Muneer. “Available renewable resources might not be efficient and reliable everywhere — such as solar in Scotland
— so we need to come up with innovative ways to generate clean energy to pace up with the demand.”

5.2.3. HIGHLIGHTS

Massing

Roof form

Materials

Fenestration strategies

Structural expression

Rentable charging station electric bikes that can be borrowed and free of charge, operation range of bicycles are
confined within the theatre of the clustered development and the generated electricity is loaded into the storage.

5.2.4. MATERIAL CONCEPT

5.3. INITIAL DESIGN TRANSLATION

ARCHITECTURAL THEORY

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

Design for the people, design for all, time, space, energy, life

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

Accessibility

Proximity

Sustainability

Passive design

Safety & security

DESIGN TECHNIQUES
PLANNING THEORY

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

FORM CONCEPT [ORIGINAL FORM TO FINAL FORM]

Curved features to meld with the surrounding mountains and landscape, a complement to the site’s location along a
ridge. Wind passage and catchment

DESIGN CHARACTER

FINISHES

REFERENCES/SOURCES:

 City Planning and Development Office “ANTIPOLO CITY 2021 ECOLOGICAL PROFILE BOOK”
 Shell Helical Wind Turbines “A New Spin on Efficiency” - [https://www.shell.com.ph/energy-and-
innovation/make-the-future/a-new-spin-on-efficiency.html]
 Windcycle Energy (2024) “What is a Helical Wind Turbine?” [https://windcycle.energy/helical-wind-turbine/]