Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

As the world slowly crosses the threshold of modernization, people in this

generation tend to use more and more technologies to make things easier. The

use of technologies has become more frequent since it has been a helping hand

to everyone in a way that it helps in doing things easier and faster.

According to Vasfi Tugun, as technology is developing day by day, it has a

more important place in our lives. Using technology has become a necessity

rather than a luxury.[1] In today’s era, to use technology in an effective manner,

it has become important to gain knowledge, habits, and attitude to understand

technology and benefit from it. Technology has revolutionized education and

greatly benefited students in numerous ways. Firstly, it has made learning

more accessible and convenient. With the of technology, students can access

vast amounts of information and educational resources online, allowing them

to expand their knowledge beyond what traditional textbooks offer. The 21 st

century emphasizes the role of technology in different facets of life, especially in

the educational system, as it serves as a platform for teachers and students in

the delivery of effective teaching and learning process. (R. Berondo, J. Dela

Fuente, 2021)

According to (Orpia, 2021)Digital transformation of Higher Education

institutions is a topical issue that several stakeholders of education must

feel concerned about; abilities to apply ICT in every sphere of life are on an

incremental level; thus, universities must be up to the task of preparing

potential professional to be able to face challenges and provide solutions.

Therefore, technology plays an important role to people, nowadays, especially

for students. Technologies slowly introduced people to online platforms which

helped in giving information and procedures on different things.

These online platforms have different roles and goals to achieve such as

being used for education, medicine, entertainment, etc. Online platforms have

a massive impact on individual users and businesses, and are recasting the

relationships between customers, advertisers, workers, and employers (A.R.

Gawer, 2021)

According to Prasetyo, eLearning has been the medium of delivery of medical

educational institutions to address the scarcity of medical professionals during

the COVID-19 pandemic. The occurrence of COVID19 caused the pandemic

that led people into diverging to technology and using of online platforms that

served to education.

The platform allows easier access to the quality-controlled principal surface

climate data provided by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and

Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). According to Villafuerte, the

online platforms used by people served as a way for them to easily access and

work on their jobs. Therefore, the emergence of technology has successfully

paved its way to thus generation and to the future. Universities and other

facilities also use it for other means aside from eLearning.

 Online registration systems, for instance, seem to have an extreme fit with

different companies or infrastructure’s internal work. Online registration

systems in schools have become increasingly popular in recent years,

revolutionizing the way educational institutions manage the enrollment

process. This shift from traditional paper-based registration methods to online

platforms has brought about numerous benefits for both schools and students.

By leveraging technology, schools can streamline the registration process,

improve efficiency, and enhance the overall experience for students and

parents.

Hanifa Fissalma stated that admission system is a mechanism for selecting a

new student in higher education, including at State University of Jakarta. The

mechanism of student admission system in State University of Jakarta

includes a sequence of processes starting from registration, determination of

tuition fees, until students who are accepted to pay the tuition that has been

determined. Student admission system is expected to be able to find out the

number and distribution of applicants for new student registrants, which will

have an impact on university accreditation and the increase of new students

who have good quality. So far, the State University of Jakarta has information

about each admission. So that there is an inequality data between one

department to another for the total number of new students. In addition, there

is still little information presented to prospective students who are accepted at

State of University of Jakarta regarding campus life, study fees, scholarships

and so on.
 One of the information systems that must be well designed for State

University of Jakarta in student admission system. State University of Jakarta

started PENMABA in 2012 but until now it has always undergone changes and

improvements from year to year, both due to changes in regulations and

changes in system requirements. Based on interviews with head of Student

Admission System, Mr. Ifan Iskandar, the obstacles faced by Student

Admission System 2015 versions are.

Moreover, Istiqomah stated that Information technology has changed from

time to time. Along with these changes, it has led to the development of science

in various fields of life, including health, agriculture, government, and

education. These changes must be managed or utilized properly so as not to

cause negative changes and can provide benefits to the community. One of the

uses of technological developments is in the field of education, namely, to

improve quality and quality services to the community in obtaining easy access

to education.

The Indonesian government takes advantage of the development of

information technology by implementing an online system in the field of

education, one of which is designing an online education application

information system (SIAP) which is designed to meet the needs in processing

educational data and information that can be used by all levels of education.

The application of the online system issued in the new student admissions

program at the basic education level to the higher education level. The online

system used in the implementation of new student admissions is designed to

be able to carry out all activities automatically starting from the registration

process to the announcement of the selection results online and on a real-time

basis.

Surakarta is one of the cities that implements new student admissions using

an online-based system. This program is a program implemented by the

Education Department of Surakarta to improve the quality of service to the

community. The implementation of online-based new student admissions has

been carried out since 2006 until now for junior high school and senior high

school/ vocational school level. The city of Surakarta is the city that other

cities are going to learn about the technical implementation of the student

admission system with an online system. However, starting in 2017 is based on

Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government regarding the

division of government affairs in the education sector for senior high school

and vocational school level it was takeover by the provincial government. In

this case, the implementation of online-based new student admissions for

senior high school and vocational school level is carried out by the Central

Java government.

The Education Department of Surakarta does not only accept new students

by using the online system, but also using the off-line system. The admission

of new online-based students in the city of Surakarta is carried out as a form of

utilizing the development of website-based information technology. The

Education Department of Surakarta has the authority in implementing new

student admissions both in the implementation of online and offline-based new

student admissions. The implementation of online new student admissions in

Surakarta is applied to public and private junior high schools. For the

kindergarten and primary school level, the student admission system is

implemented off-line while still using the principles of admitting new students.

However, the implementation of the admission of new students at the junior

high school level is not entirely implemented by using the online system and

the off-line system is also applied to special provisions that have been

regulated in the guidelines for the admission of new students in the city of

Surakarta.

Implementing the online-based admission of new students, it cannot be

separated from the problems. This shows that management is needed in the

implementation of online-based new student admissions. Management is used

to compile program planning to program evaluation. Program planning is the

base for implementation and will become a reference during activities and

program evaluation. The implementation of online-based new student

admissions in the city of Surakarta inseparable from program planning which

is expected to be able to achieve the effectiveness of implementing online-based

new student admissions as a program to improve the quality of service to the

community. In addition, evaluation is needed to determine the progress of

activities and as a mining material for the continuation of the implementation

of activities because the use of an online system is not a guarantee that a

program that will be implemented runs perfectly, there will be obstacles faced

in implementing the program using the online system. Likewise with the
implementation of online-based admissions of new students, there are various

obstacles that hinder the smooth implementation of the program.

The study of (Salamat, 2020) The admission system is the process of getting

a requirement for school registration. Previously, admission was a manual

process. In this research, we created a computerized admission system for

Grade 10 students at Batasan Hills National High School. As a part of the

admission process, the students will be required to fill out some basic

application paperwork, which will include their personal information and high

school activities, such as extracurricular activities they participated in. An

interview will be conducted for admission if necessary. A student may be

interviewed in some cases, but it is generally not required for undergraduate

admission. Some schools will be willing to schedule a student admissions

interview upon request. International students may find a student interview

important. The system’s development life cycle for approach and methodology

was used in this study. We gathered the information from Batasan Hills

National High School through an interview for clarification. Thus, we analyzed

the process of their admission of the student to ensure that the new system

can meet their expectations. Before implementing our system, we asked them

to choose whether they will use it or if they will stick to their old system. The

result of our system was good, and our client was impressed with our system

because using their old system, 1) it is hard to get the information of the client

or students, and 2) processing the requirements takes at least 1 week or more.

However, our system reduced the manpower needed to perform all admission
tasks by reducing the paper works needed and making activities such as

updating modification and deleting records easier. We developed the system to

improve the school’s policy and rules in the admission system because Batasan

Hills National High School lacks a security system. The increasing numbers of

students seeking admission in academic institutes are causing tremendous

pressure on the administrative body to manage and arrange the admission

process manually. In our system, we prepared a backup for the new data in

case our system has an error. As a rule, no public schools shall refuse

admissions or shall allow delisting of Filipino pupils/students for any of the

reasons cited above.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Existing
procedures of
the ISPSC
College
Admission
Test.
 Features to
be included
in the WEB - BASED
proposed. ICAT
 Level of Unified Process APPLICATION
acceptability
test using  Inception
software  Elaboration
evaluation in  Construction
terms of…  Transition
A. Efficiency
B.
Functionality
C. Usability
D.
Maintainabili
 Feedback
Figure 1.1 Research Paradigm
According to Swaen, a conceptual framework illustrates the expected

relationship between your variables. It defines the relevant objectives for your

research process and maps out how they come together to draw coherent

conclusions.

In other words, the Conceptual Framework is the researcher’s understanding

of how the variables in his study connect with each other. Thus, it identifies

the variables required in the research investigation. It is the developer’s “map”

in pursuing the investigation.

The study aims to develop Web-Based ICAT Application. The researchers will

be going to use the Input Process Output (IPO) model to illustrate the

conceptual framework of the study.

(Canonizado, 2021) stated that The Input-Process-Output (IPO) Model refers to

the representation of all factors that make up a process. The input consists of

the profile of the respondents and the factors connected with the dependent

and independent variables of the educational research. Usually, all details

specified in the statement of the problems are stipulated here. The processing

step includes all the tasks required to effect a transformation of the inputs. The
outputs are the data and materials flowing out of the transformation process.

This model is used in developing the Web-Based ICAT Application.

The researchers will use the Input-Process-Output (IPO) as shown in Figure

1.1.

The inputs are the existing procedure of College Admission, the features of

the proposed system and its level of acceptability.

The process denotes the methodology that is used in the development.

This is the Unified Process. The model is divided into four phases namely,

Inception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition. Consequently, the

Output of the study would be the Web- Based ICAT Application.

Review of Literature

Features to be Included in the Proposed.

In creating a Web-Based Application, it is important to identify the features

needed for the system. It is important to identify the features needed in a

website. The features show how the website works and how it functions. There

are 10 features to consider in creating a Web App according to (Corpuz, 2021),

but the developers chose what’s applicable for the web app, these are the

following:

 Mobile-Friendliness

Mobile friendliness means that your web app adjusts to different display

dimensions. Small buttons and text are enlarged, and the general layout is

rearranged to improve viewing and accessibility. It is also important to

declutter what appears on the viewport in a mobile-first design. Since there is

not much space to work with, avoid pop-up messages and ads that block your

main content. (Corpuz, 2021)

This feature refers on how flexible a web app can be. This is included as one

of the most important features on web apps for this will help in the user’s

engagement unto the system created by the developer. It is important to

include this as one of the features because this will show how user-friendly a

web app is. With this feature, users will be able to access the web app even

with the use of their mobile phones.

 Document Management System

A document management system serves as a centralized storage and sorting

station for all paperwork. It records who turned in the document and the time

and date it was last modified. It also categorizes files according to file type and

content. If you plan on storing documents in the app long-term, add an extra

layer of protection. Enable password-protected folders and limit access to

submit documents. This will secure your company’s and clients’ information as

your business expands. (Corpuz, 2021)

This feature is called just as how it is used, the document management

system feature refers on the website’s management on organizing and sorting

paperwork together with the storage. This feature is used for systems that

needs organizing and sorting data. With this, the information inputted by the

users will be properly sorted for better and efficient browsing on the website,

and to manage the storage used and will be used for certain parts. The web

based ICAT application will be using this feature just as how the algorithm
works, sorting algorithm. Sorting algorithm refers to an algorithm made up of a

series of instructions that takes an array as input, performs specified

operations on the array, sometimes called a list, and outputs a sorted array.

(Moore, Pilling, Kappel, Takvam, & Khim, 2016)

 User Rights Management

User rights management groups users according to their administrative

privileges. With it, you can set what kind of information people can enter the

app. Another function of this feature is to bar general users from accessing

sensitive data. Companies take advantage of it all the time to limit what their

employees can access on their apps. Not only does this help users focus on

their respective roles, but it also protects the company from insider data theft.

Meanwhile, web apps that cater to customers need this feature to combat

hacking attempts and malware injections. (Corpuz, 2021)

This feature refers to the roles given to users; privileges given to them

depending on their user categorization. The ICAT web based application will be

using this feature to help identify the areas that users can access, depending

on their given privileges, for instance, there could be administrators who can

access the data imported in the database, the data imported should be from

the incoming first year students of ISPSC Main Campus, by which, will be the

ones who will register and/or apply for the College Admission Test.

Level of Acceptability Test Using Software Evaluation in Terms of

 Efficiency
 Efficiency is the extent to which an activity achieves its goal whilst

minimizing resource usage. (Harvey, 2004-2024)

The developers are aiming on getting high efficiency rate on the

questionnaire expected to be floated regarding on the level of acceptability test

using software evaluation. The efficiency would refer to the performance of the

web app as to how it would lessen the burden of students on going back and

forth to school for ICAT application. It would also refer on how it would help

the SAS Office on getting paperwork easier for them. The level of efficiency

shows how the developer’s goal was achieved while minimizing the usage of

resources used for it.

 Functionality

Functionality refers to whether a design works and helps the users meet

their goals and needs. (IxDF, 2020)

The functionality would show how students find the features helpful to

them. This refers to when a feature was able to function as how it was expected

to do so, by which, it should help the users understand and use it easily

without any confusions.

 Usability

Usability is a measure of how well a specific user in a specific context can

use a product/design to achieve a defined goal effectively, efficiently, and

satisfactorily. Designers usually measure a design’s usability throughout the

development process—from wireframes to the final deliverable—to ensure

maximum usability. (IxDF, 2016)

 The usability shall portray how well the web app performs, together with

how the features are safely used accordingly with how it was supposed to

function. The usability refers on how the users will use the web app efficiently.

 Maintainability

Maintainability is a measure of how quickly you are manufacturing, or

maintenance team can detect and pinpoint an issue, repair it, and restore the

asset’s functionality after this downtime. (Eisner, 2022)

The maintainability would refer on how the developers could fix issues

immediately and identify certain improvements needed for the web app.

 Reliability

Reliability refers to how consistently a method measure something. If the

same result can be consistently achieved by using the same methods under the

same circumstances, the measurement is considered reliable. (Middleton,

2023)

The reliability can be referred to as how the developers could properly

achieve the same result by using the same procedures and methods when

fixing and repairing the performance of the web app while making sure it

performs and works properly.

Unified Process.

The Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) has been widely adapted

through most, if not all, technology-based companies. With the advancement of

technology, and the increasing number of companies that rely on their own

custom applications, learning and understanding the complexities of the SDLC

is increasingly important. Of course, knowing how to code is the basis for any

software engineering career, but understanding the SDLC brings a lot of new

skills bases to the table, all of which are beneficial to the engineering process.

These skills including planning, designing, and testing. The SDLC traditionally

has ten phases which are initiation, system concept development, planning,

requirements analysis, design, development, integration and testing,

implementation, operations and maintenance, and disposition. Despite being

distinct phases, they are not all required in every situation and often are either

skipped or combined. These phases are all addressed in more detail later.

Additionally, variations on the SDLC, including increasingly important aspects

devoted to security in software engineering, are addressed as well. (Lemke,

2018)

The researchers will use the Unified Process Model by Rynda Maala as a

method in the conduct of the study.

The unified process, as defined by (Maala, 2019), is a popular use-case

driven, architecture-centric, iterative, and incremental software development

process framework.

The researchers will be going to use Unified Process Model as the system

developmental methodology because they find it suitable for the system. The

goal is to ensure the production of high-quality software with the help of each

phase.
 The Unified Process Model has four phases namely Inception,

Elaboration, Construction and Transition.

Figure 2.1 The Unified Process Model

 Inception Phase. It is the first phase of UP Model. According to

(Pedamkar, 2023), it is the phase in which the project’s basic ideas and

structure will be determined to prepare a business suite, the team will decide

the purpose of the project, success criteria, estimated cost risk, and resources

required to complete it.

During this phase, the researchers will be going to conduct a structure

interview in the office of Student Affairs and Services. The Researchers will ask

for the records and the process of Admission that are needed in the

development of the proposed system. In this phase, the problem is defined and

then came up with the objectives of the new system.

 Elaboration Phase. It is the second phase of the UP Model. In this

phase. according to (Pedamkar, 2023), it is the phase in which we are going to

analyze the project’s requirements and necessary architecture, review the

problems, develop the project plan, and eliminate the high-risk elements form

the project.

During this phase, the researchers will be going to analyze and evaluate

the data being gathered using the use case. This is to identify system

requirements needed for the proposed system.

 Construction Phase. Third Phase of UP Model. (Pedamkar, 2023) stated

that construction phase involves developed and completed.

In this phase, the researchers performed the developmental process of

the proposed system and testing to verify if there ae some revisions to make.

This phase focuses on the design and implementation of the system.

 Transition Phase Final Phase of the UP Model. As pointed out by

(Pedamkar, 2023), it will be updated or changed based on end-user’s feedback.

It is the process of deployment.

During the transition phase, the beta testing will be conducted by the

researchers to determine if the developed system meets the requirements given

by the users and satisfies their expectations.

Web-Based ICAT Application.

These online platforms have different roles and goals to achieve such as

being used for education, medicine, entertainment, etc. Online platforms have

a massive impact on individual users and businesses, and are recasting the
relationships between customers, advertisers, workers, and employers (A.R.

Gawer, 2021)

Online registration systems, for instance, seem to have an extreme fit with

different companies or infrastructure’s internal work. Online registration

systems in schools have become increasingly popular in recent years,

revolutionizing the way educational institutions manage the enrollment

process. This shift from traditional paper-based registration methods to online

platforms has brought about numerous benefits for both schools and students.

By leveraging technology, schools can streamline the registration process,

improve efficiency, and enhance the overall experience for students and

parents.

(Hanifa Fissalma, 2019) stated that admission system is a mechanism for

selecting a new student in higher education, including at State University of

Jakarta. The mechanism of student admission system in State University of

Jakarta includes a sequence of processes starting from registration,

determination of tuition fees, until students who are accepted to pay the tuition

that has been determined. Student admission system is expected to be able to

find out the number and distribution of applicants for new student registrants,

which will have an impact on university accreditation and the increase of new

students who have good quality. So far, the State University of Jakarta has

information about each admission. So that there is an inequality data between

one department to another for the total number of new students. In addition,
there is still little information presented to prospective students who are

accepted at State of University of Jakarta regarding campus life, study fees,

scholarships and so on.

The study of (Salamat, et al., 2020) The admission system is the process of

getting a requirement for school registration. Previously, admission was a

manual process. In this research, we created a computerized admission system

for Grade 10 students at Batasan Hills National High School. As a part of the

admission process, the students will be required to fill out some basic

application paperwork, which will include their personal information and high

school activities, such as extracurricular activities they participated in. An

interview will be conducted for admission if necessary. A student may be

interviewed in some cases, but it is generally not required for undergraduate

admission. Some schools will be willing to schedule a student admissions

interview upon request. International students may find a student interview

important. The system’s development life cycle for approach and methodology

was used in this study. We gathered the information from Batasan Hills

National High School through an interview for clarification. Thus, we analyzed

the process of their admission of the student to ensure that the new system

can meet their expectations. Before implementing our system, we asked them

to choose whether they will use it or if they will stick to their old system. The

result of our system was good, and our client was impressed with our system

because using their old system, 1) it is hard to get the information of the client

or students, and 2) processing the requirements takes at least 1 week or more.

However, our system reduced the manpower needed to perform all admission

tasks by reducing the paper works needed and making activities such as

updating modification and deleting records easier. We developed the system to

improve the school’s policy and rules in the admission system because Batasan

Hills National High School lacks a security system. The increasing numbers of

students seeking admission in academic institutes are causing tremendous

pressure on the administrative body to manage and arrange the admission

process manually. In our system, we prepared a backup for the new data in

case our system has an error. As a rule, no public schools shall refuse

admissions or shall allow delisting of Filipino pupils/students for any of the

reasons cited above.

Statement of the Objectives

The study aims to design and develop an Online ICAT Web Application.

Specifically, the study is intended to meet the following:

1. To determine the currently existing procedures of the ISPSC College

Admission Test.

2. To determine and develop the features to be included in the proposed.

3. To determine the level of acceptability test using software evaluation in

terms of…

a. Efficiency.

b. Functionality.

c. Usability.

d. Maintainability.
 e. Reliability.

Importance of the Study

Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College. On the part of the college, this

research will be served as proof that the Bachelor of Science in Computer

Science students are very capable of creating research that is needed for the

institution and can help as basis for conducting related research.

SAS Office. This research will be helping the SAS Office to develop an

improved and better way of processing documents for the ICAT application for

the incoming first year students. This research will be served to lessen the

paper works for the staff of the SAS Office.

ICAT Applicants. This research will be helping the ICAT Applicants to make

their application easier, faster and reduce the difficulty of standing in line for

several hours and standing in the sun.

Developers. This research can help the researchers build and design a web-

based application system, where the basics learned from some major subjects

as a computer science student.

Future Researchers. This study will be significant to the future researchers

as a basis in conducting similar or related research.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined to understand the content of the study

better.
 Admission. It is a process of admitting new students and allowing them to

register and enter an educational institution.

Applicant. It refers to anybody who formally asks for admission to a college.

College Admission Test. This refers to the examination designed to identify

students suitable for admission into an undergraduate curriculum.

Existing procedure of the College Admission. It refers to the current

practice of the College Admission Test of ISPSC Main Campus which is

manual.

Features. It refers to the information on the capabilities of the Web-Based

ICAT Application.

Level of Acceptability. It is used by researchers to measure the user’s

satisfaction whether the system has met the required features given by the

users and if it functions properly.

Online. It refers to the condition of being connected to a network of

computers and other devices.

Online Registration. It refers to the system for subscribing or registering

through the internet as a user.

 Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers will use the descriptive and developmental type of research

design.

Descriptive research aims to describe a population situation or phenomenon

accurately and systematically. It can answer what, where, when, and how

questions, but not why questions. A descriptive research design can use a wide
variety of research methods to investigate one or more variables (Combes,

2020)

Likewise, (Lynn, 2019) noted that descriptive research is used to obtain

information concerning the status of the phenomena and to describe “what

exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a situation.

The descriptive research is used to describe data gathered to further

understanding of the study and it will also be used be the researchers to

answer; what is the existing procedure of the web-Based ICAT Application; and

to gather information and determine the acceptability of the system.

Meanwhile, according to (Klaassen, 2015), developmental research is a

particular way of addressing the basic questions of why and how to teach what

to whom. It involves a cyclical process of small-scale in-depth development and

evaluation, at a content-specific level, of exemplary teaching-learning

sequences. It aims to produce an empirically supported justification of the

inner workings of such a sequence, which is claimed to be an important

contribution to the expertise of teachers, curriculum developers, and

educational researchers.

The researchers will be going to use developmental method for the system

development being guided by the Unified Process Methodology. This

methodology has the following phases:

The researchers will use the Unified Process Model by Rynda Maala as a

method in the conduct of the study.

 The unified process, as defined by (Maala, 2019), is a popular use-case

driven, architecture-centric, iterative, and incremental software development

process framework.

The researchers will be going to use Unified Process Model as the system

developmental methodology because they find it suitable for the system. The

goal is to ensure the production of high-quality software with the help of each

phase.

The Unified Process Model has four phases namely Inception, Elaboration,

Construction and Transition.

Figure 2.1 The Unified Process Model

Inception Phase. It is the first phase of UP Model. According to (Pedamkar,

2023), it is the phase in which the project’s basic ideas and structure will be

determined to prepare a business suite, the team will decide the purpose of the

project, success criteria, estimated cost risk, and resources required to

complete it.

During this phase, the researchers will be going to conduct a structure

interview in the office of Student Affairs and Services. The Researchers will ask

for the records and the process of Admission that are needed in the
development of the proposed system. In this phase, the problem is defined and

then came up with the objectives of the new system.

Elaboration Phase. It is the second phase of the UP Model. In this phase. A

(Cresswell, 2023) (Istiqomah, 2021)according to (Pedamkar, 2023), it is the

phase in which are going to analyze the project’s requirements and necessary

architecture, review the problems, develop the project plan, and eliminate the

high-risk elements form the project.

During this phase, the researchers will be going to analyze and evaluate the

data being gathered using the use case. This is to identify system requirements

needed for the proposed system.

Construction Phase. Third Phase of UP Model. (Pedamkar, 2023) stated that

construction phase involves developed and completed.

In this phase, the researchers performed the developmental process of the

proposed system and testing to verify if there ae some revisions to make. This

phase focuses on the design and implementation of the system.

Transition Phase. Final Phase of the UP Model. As pointed out by

(Pedamkar, 2023), it will be updated or changed based on end-user’s feedback.

It is the process of deployment.

During the transition phase, the beta testing will be conducted by the

researchers to determine if the developed system meets the requirements given

by the users and satisfies their expectations.

Population of the Study

 The primary source of data was gathered the needed information from an

interview with the Student Affairs and Services (SAS) Director and Guidance

Office Staffs.

Data Gathering Instrument

Interview Guide. According to (Bird, 2016), an interview guide is simply a

list of the high-level topics that you plan on covering in the interview with the

high-level questions that you want to answer under each topic.

Questionnaires. It is the most frequency used instrument of data gathering

across disciplines, particularly in social science and humanities. A

questionnaire is a set of questions address to the sample respondents. It can

be self-administered by the respondents or read to the respondents by the

interviewer. The instrument was adopted from the study of (Suwawi, 2015)

The researchers will be going to float a survey questionnaire to determine

the level of acceptability of the proposed system.

Tools for Data Analysis

Flowchart. A flowchart is a graphical or symbolic representation of a

process. Each step in the process is represented by a different symbol and

contains a short description of the process step. (Hebb, 2014)

The researchers will be going to use a flowchart in the study to understand

and determine present existing procedure of ICAT.

Entity- Relationship Diagram (ERD). It is a visual representation of

underlying data model in the database (Mehta, 2019)

 The relationship between entities system’s database was illustrated with the

use of the Entity Relationship Diagram. It helped the developers to have a

perfect view of all database elements.

Use Case Diagram. It is a graphic deception of interactions among the

elements of a system. A use case is methodology used in system analysis to

identify, clarify and organized system requirements. (Rouse, 2015)

The researchers will use the use case diagram to illustrate and identify,

classify, and organize system requirements through the set of possible

sequence of interactions between systems and users in the environment. It

showed the view of the system from the user perspective and describing what a

system does without describing how the system does it.

Hierarchical Input Process Output (HIPO). This is a tool for planning

and/or documenting a computer program, A HIPO model consists of hierarchy

chart that graphically represents the programs control structure and asset of

IPO (Input-Process-Output) charts that describes the input to, the outputs

from, and the functions (or processes) performed by each module on the

hierarchy chart.

The researchers will be going to use the HIPO to obtain a high-level view of

the system functions.

Data schema. It is a visual that outlines the architecture of a database. It

contains a list of tables, the fields those tables contain, database users, stored

procedures, and other pieces of information about a database. (Gallagher,

2020)
 Database Schema will be used to present the data stored in the database of

the system using tables wherein the data types of length are specified.

Data Gathering Procedure

Interview.

In this study, an interview guide is used to determine the process of record

management of the College Admission. The researchers will be going to

interview Mr. Vic Gacula to gather information about the current procedure of

record management of the College Admission.

Internet Research.

According to (Morgan, 2018), Internet Research made researching a topic

easier than ever before. Instead of making a trip to the library, people with the

internet access simply pull up search engines, type, and click away. But, in

addition to making easier to access information, the web has also made it

easier to access information. However, by following some simple rules, you can

avoid being fooled or misinformed by a phony, inaccurate, or biased web

sources.

Through internet, researching topics that is related to your study has made

easy. Everyone a can have access to internet but not Al information's posted on

the internet is correct so you must be careful on copying information's because

some of them are not accurate or unreliable resources.

The researchers will use the internet to gather additional information

relevant to the study.

Statistical Treatment of Data

References

[1]Bas Swaen. 2022. What Is a Conceptual Framework? | Tips & Examples.

What is a Conceptual Framework? Tip&Example. Retrieved January 17, 2024

from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/conceptual-framework/