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(5.2) All-Day Transformer Efficiency

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23 views

(5.2) All-Day Transformer Efficiency

12321

Uploaded by

Baldon Marcelo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EEA107-4

Electrical Apparatus and Devices

Engr. Michel Angelo R. Sucaldito, REE

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COURSE OUTCOME 2
Intermediate Operation of Single-Phase Transformers;
Operation of Three-Phase Transformers

• All-Day Transformer Efficiency


• Autotransformer
• No-Load Test and Polarity Test
• Parallel Operation of Transformer
• Instrument Transformer
• Three-Phase Operation of Transformer

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EEA107-4
Electrical Apparatus and Devices (Lecture)

Course Outcome 2 | Topic 1


All-Day Transformer Efficiency

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ALL-DAY TRANSFORMER EFFICIENCY

Distribution transformers must be ready at all times during the 24-hr day
to provide electrical service for lighting and power. The primaries of such
transformers are always energized, although the secondary may supply
practically little or no load much of the time particularly where the
transformers serve residential lighting and power circuits.
Since the core losses are supplied continuously and the load is very light
during the greater part of the day, it is considered good practice to design
such transformers so that the constant losses are very low. When this is
done, the transformer will usually operate at maximum efficiency in a
range of about one-half the rated kVA.

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ALL-DAY TRANSFORMER EFFICIENCY

On the basis of such operating conditions, it is obviously unfair to judge a


transformer by its full load efficiency; the latter might much be less than
the maximum efficiency. A much more satisfactory method is to compare
the so-called all-day efficiencies of transformers, since this rating takes
into account operation over a 24-hr period. All-day efficiency is defined
as the ratio of the energy delivered by the transformer in a 24-hr period to
the energy input in the same period of time. In order to determine the all-
day efficiency, it is necessary, of course, to know how the load varies from
hour to hour during the day.

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4. A 5-kVA, 2300/230-V, 60 Hz, standard distribution transformer was
tested with the following results: short-circuit test input = 112 W; open-
circuit test input = 40 W. Then, this transformer operates with the
following loads during a 24-hr period:
1.5 times rated kVA p.f. = 0.8 1 hr
1.25 times rated kVA p.f. = 0.8 2 hr
at rated kVA p.f. = 0.9 3 hr
0.5 of rated kVA p.f. = 1 6 hr
0.25 of rated kVA p.f. = 1 8 hr
no load - 4 hr
Calculate the all-day efficiency.

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