Crane and other heavy equipment

Related Questions

Q. what are different types of cranes?

Mobile Crane:
1. Truck Mounted Cranes
2. All Terrain Cranes
3. Rough terrain Cranes
4. Crawler Cranes
5. Loader Cranes: has one arm fitted to a trailer used to load
equipments onto a trailer
6. Railroad Cranes
7. Floating Cranes
Fixed Cranes:
1. Tower Cranes
2. Overhead or Bridge Cranes
3. Gantry Cranes
Aerial Cranes/ Sky Cranes/ Flying Cranes:
1. Helicopters

Q. what are the types of Booms?

I. Telescoping: boom that consist of a number of tubes fitted one
inside the other. A hydraulic cylinder extends or retracts the
tubes to increase or decrease the total length of the boom.
II. Articulating:
III. Lattice Boom: an iron frame that is hinged to the crane.
Q. what are the requirements for a man basket?
1. Valid third party certification.
2. SWL marked on the side
3. Tag-line.
Q. who inspect the slings?
A competent person such as rigging supervisor.
Q. what is working radius?
Distance from the center pin of the crane to the center of gravity of
the load.
Q. what is SWL?
Safe Working Load, also called Normal Working Load (NWL) or
Working Load Limit (WLL). It’s the maximum safe force that a piece
of lifting equipment, lifting device or accessory can exert to lift,
suspend or lower a given mass without fear of breaking.
Q. what is a lifting plan?
It’s a document that describes a plan for a safe lifting. It shows the
detail of the crane, detail of the load, lifting steps and lifting
techniques.
Q. what is a tandem lift?
Any lift involving simultaneous use of more than one crane.
Q. how much distance should be maintained while working near
power lines?
If it’s 50000v ==3m
If it’s between 50000v --- 250000 == 6m
If over 250 kV == 7.6m
If 380 KV == 10 m
If 560 KV ==20 m
1kv =1000v

Q. what is a Critical Lift Plan?

It is high risks or non-routine crane lifting requiring detailed planning
and additional safety precautions, only S.ARAMCO certified rigger-I
can approve Critical Lift Plan
1. When the boom is within 10 meters of hydrocarbon piping,
pressurized piping, and populated areas.
2. When working near energized power lines and there is hazards
from: fire, explosion, and high heat.
3. When crane lift require attachments to the main boom.
4. When load is 40 tons or above.
5. When load that exceeds 85% of the crane rated capacity.
6. Lift is made with more than one cranes (tandem lift).
7. Lift involving technically difficult rigging arrangement.
8. Any lift which the crane operator believes to be critical.
9. Crane suspended man baskets (for this crane suspended man
basket permit is required.
10. Night time lift except in shut down.

Q. what are the requirements for a crane lifting?

1. Documents: Lifting permit, Lifting plan, and JSA.
2. Crane: Third party certification, certified rigger and operator,
Check SWL, Check sling, wires, shackles, and belts, Tag line
for swing loads.
3. Barricading the swing radius.
4. Proper PPE.
5. Favorable climatic condition.
6. Check ground level and its stability.
Q. what condition would require a sling to be destroyed?
1. Corrosion
2. Heat damaged

Q. what must be stamped on a wire rope sling before it can be

used?
SWL mark.

Q. identify three potential hazards when using machines powered

internal combustion engines?
1. Exhaust fumes.
2. Oxygen deficient atmosphere.
3. High noise and fire.

Q. name three things that should be checked when inspecting a

gasoline/diesel powered machines.
1. Fuel system.
2. Muffler system.
3. Electrical wiring.
Q. what should always be available when operating an internal
combustion engine?
Fire extinguisher.
Q. what should be done when refuelling the equipment?
Stop the engine and wait for 15 minutes.
Q. what should be done when towing trailer mounted equipment
in congested area or near plan equipments?
Assign a spotter.
Q. What should be done to prevent heavy equipment from hitting
equipment or people while it is being operated?
1. Use a flagman.
2. Barricading.

Q. Crane operations shall be stopped at wind speeds above ____ km/h

a. 24
b. 28
c. 32
d. 36

Q. what is wind speed for man basket and working on scaffold?

25 km/h for man basket.
65 km/h for scaffolds.

Q. what measures the speed of the wind?

Anemometer
Q. what are the hazards related to cranes?
1. Falling of load, unbalanced load and over loading.
2. Crane tipping over.
3. Equipment failure/crane failure.
4. Crane hitting plant facilities, Workers, building or power lines.
5. Slings breakage.
6. Unauthorized personnel entry.

Q. what are the control measures related to cranes?

Third party and docs:
1. Cranes must be have valid third party inspection sticker, and valid stickers of the
contractors and sub-contractors.
2. All lifting tackles must be third party certified and colour coded with valid
certificate available.
 3. JSA, lifting certificate, load chart, and lifting permit.

Lifting tackles:
1. The crane and all lifting tackles must be visually checked and observed before
use for any damage.
2. Keep slings, chains and hooks off the floor (never leave the on the floor), hang
them on racks or hooks on the wall.

Lifting
1. Correct lifting angle must be used for lifting 60 degree is the best lifting angle.
2. Correct capacity of slings and shackles must be used for lifting as per weight and
shape of the load.
3. Do not lift load when wind speed exceeds 32kph.

Taglines:
1. Check the swing radius of the crane and ensure that it is unobstructed by any
facility. Tag line must be used to control the load and avoid hitting any plant
facility like pipelines, equipment.

Outriggers:
4. Use wooden mats or pads under the crane outriggers to distribute the load.
5. Do not position the crane outriggers near any drain line otherwise there is a chance
of sinking of these outriggers resulting in crane tipping over.

Operator and crew:

1. Operator, rigger and crew must be qualified and certified.
2. The operator should not lift too quickly, the load may jerk.
3. The operator should not leave the crane cab while load is attached to the crane.
4. The operator should keep the cab glass clean and undamaged.

5. Always provide barricades and proper signage to keep unauthorized

personnel away from the lifting area.
6. Wearing PPE (Personal Protective Equipments.
7. Back alarm.
Q. what is validity of the crane third party sticker/
1 year.
Q. what is TUV?
Its semi govt. which is certified to issue inspection stickers of heavy
equipments. This is called third party certification.
Q. what is HEOT?
Heavy Equipment Operating and testing. It’s a third party govt.
department which inspect vehicles.
Q. what are the hazards related to Forklift?
1. Roll-over.
2. Drop materials.
3. Hitting personnel or materials.
4. Unauthorized use.
5. Uncertified and untrained operators.
Q. what are forklift related controls?
1. Trained and certified operators.
2. Daily inspection checklist.
3. Using seatbelts.
4. No standing or riding on fork or loads.
5. Backup alarm.
Q. what are heavy equipments related hazards?
1. Run over by heavy equipments.
2. Struck or crushed by materials being moved.
3. Caught between two equipments or objects.
4. Electrocution by contacting with overhead or buried cables.
Q. what are heavy equipment related controls?
Operator:
1. Must be certified.
2. Must assign a flagman.
 3. He must not jump from the equipment to the ground directly
rather maintain 3 points of contact.
4. Don’t leave the equipment running.
5. Never himself or let others to sleep or rest under or near the
equipment.
6. Should operate equipment at least 2 m away from or the depth
of an excavation.
7. Keep safe distance from power lines.
Equipment condition controls
1. Must be inspected before use.
2. Must have an audible backup alarm.
3. Cab glass must be safety glass and kept clean.
4. Must equip with ROPS.
Q. what is manual handling?
The process of lifting, carrying and stacking materials.