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The document contains questions about spectroscopy techniques including relationships between wavelength, frequency and wave number, energy calculations, refractive indices, possible light-matter interactions, quantitative analysis relationships, instrumentation components and operation principles, molecular spectroscopy concepts like chromophores and auxochromes, UV-VIS and fluorescence applications and calculations, infrared and Raman spectroscopy principles and molecular structure determination.

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alina.tlekkabylova270202
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18 views2 pages

Questions

The document contains questions about spectroscopy techniques including relationships between wavelength, frequency and wave number, energy calculations, refractive indices, possible light-matter interactions, quantitative analysis relationships, instrumentation components and operation principles, molecular spectroscopy concepts like chromophores and auxochromes, UV-VIS and fluorescence applications and calculations, infrared and Raman spectroscopy principles and molecular structure determination.

Uploaded by

alina.tlekkabylova270202
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Questions

Spectroscopy

1. What are the relationships between wavelength, wave number and frequency?
2. Determine the frequency of the light, if the wave number (in vacuum) is 2800 cm-1.
The speed of light in vacuum is 2.998·105 kms-1.
3. The energy of a photon at 595 nm is what percent more or less than the energy of a
photon at 686 nm?
4. What is a spectrum?
5. Optical properties of two liquids (A, B) are compared. The refractive indices at a light
of 689 nm is nA=1.325; nB=1.642. The speed of propagation in medium A is what
percent more or less than the speed of propagation in medium B?
6. What are the possible interactions between light and matter?
7. A molecule is excited by UV light.
a. Does the vibrational state change due to photon absorption?
b. Can the excited state decay with or without photon emission?
8. What are the basic relationships of the quantitative analyses in case of absorption,
emission, fluorescence measurement?
9. How does the intensity of the monochromatic light in UV and VIS range affect the
a. the percentage transmittance of the sample
b. the intensity of the fluorescence of the sample?
10. The concentration of a solution is 10-4 mole/dm3, the transmittance at 525 nm in a 1 cm
pathlength cuvette is 20%.
a. Calculate the  molar absorption coefficient!
b. Calculate the absorbance in case of a 2 cm pathlength cuvette!
c. How much is the concentration, if the pathlength is 1 cm and the transmittance is
50%?
11. What are the main parts of an optical spectrometer?
12. What is the operation theory of a tungsten lamp? Where is it applied?
13. What is a monochromator and an interferometer used for?
14. Compare the operation of a single beam photometer to a double beam photometer!
15. Draw the schematic diagram of an absorption measuring instrument and a
fluorescence measuring instrument. Name the parts!

Molecule spectroscopy

1. What is a chromophore, what is an auxochrome?


2. What transitions occur in the molecule during excitation?
3. Under what conditions is the Lambert-Beer law inapplicable?
4. Give the applications of UV-VIS spectroscopy
5. UV spectrophotometers are often used in chromatography as a detector, keeping the
wavelength constant during the measurement. What compounds can be determined,
what eluents should be used? What is the signal to be measured, and what is the
relationship between the signal and the concentration?
6. X and Y are two organic compounds. A composite sample of X and Y has an
absorbance of 0.120 at 610 nm, and 0.605 at 610 nm. The pure X solution at a
concentration of 10-3 mole/dm3 shows an absorbance of 0.045 at 440 nm, and 0.840 at
610 nm. The pure Y solution at a concentration of 10-4 mole/dm3 shows an absorbance
of 0.205 at 440 nm, and 0.025 at 610 nm. How much is the concentration of X and Y
in the composite sample? Neither the solvents, nor the auxiliary materials absorbe at
these wavelengths.
7. . Two components (A, B) are solved in acetonitrile. We measure the absorbances of
pure A and B solved in acetonitril, and the composite sample. The results are as
follows:
240 nm 290 nm
-4 3
A (c=10 mole/dm ) 0.26 0.885
-4 3
B (c=10 mole/dm ) 1.040 0.282
A+B (c=?) 4.203 1.601
Calculate the concentration of A and B in the composite sample! All measurements
were performed under the same circumstances, neither the solvent, nor the
contaminants absorb at the applied wavelengths.
8. What components can be measured by fluorescence-spectroscopy?
9. What is quenching?
10. A fluorescent compound is solved, and excited by monochromatic light. The angle of
incidence is right angle.
a. What is the direction of the emitted photons?
b. If fluorescence is due to monochromatic light, is the fluorescent light
monochromatic?
11. What is the basis of applying luminol at detecting traces of blood?
12. What is normal mode of vibration?
13. What is the result of an anharmonic potential-energy curve of a molecule?
14. Divide the modes of vibrations!
15. Give the techniques for developing an IR spectrum in case of a solid, liquid or gaseous
sample!
16. Why is IR spectroscopy applicable to determine the molecular structure?
17. Compare an IR spectrum to a Raman spectrum, what are the similarities and
dissimilarities, what kind of information is provided?
18. What are the main facts that influence the selection of the applied wavelength in case
of Raman spectroscopy?

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