Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

TVL - Caregiving Grade 11

Quarter 4, Week 1-2
Module 1

https://www.google.com/search?q=burns&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjw9uy_nNLwAhUuCqYKHZlwAG0Q_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1280&bih=
610#imgrc=dGQEu8kKzyx3-M

BURNS
Learning Competency:

LO 2. Apply basic first aid techniques

TLE_HECGBA9- 12-Ih-8

Address: D. Macapagal Highway, Poblacion, Toledo City

Tel. No.: (032) 322-7770; Fax. No.: (032) 467-8629;
Email Address:[email protected]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

Introduction
Burn injury of the skin is characterized by the damage to skin tissue from hot (scald,
flash, flame, contact), cold, electrical, chemical, radiation, sunlight, or other sources. Burns
constitute one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. They can
result in significant disfigurement, physical impairment, work loss, psychological problems,
and considerable economic burden. Prevention of burn is considered the best strategy to
reduce the overall burden of burns. The impact and the management of burn injury depend
on the severity of burn.

What I Need to Know

As you go through this module, you will be able to:

 Identify management for burns.

 Apply first aid management to burns.
 Display concern to patients.
 Practice disaster risk reduction management in school and at home.

Mini Lesson
Burns are tissue damage that results from heat, overexposure to the sun or other
radiation, or chemical or electrical contact. Burns can be minor medical problems or life-
threatening emergencies.

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/burns

The treatment of burns depends on the location and severity of the damage. Sunburns
and small scalds can usually be treated at home. Deep or widespread burns need immediate
medical attention. Some people need treatment at specialized burn centers and months long
follow-up care.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

How the skin burns?

The skin consists of three different layers that protect against viruses and bacteria entering
the body. These are:

 the epidermis
 the dermis
 hypodermis or
subcutaneous tissue

The epidermis
This is the visible outer
layer of skin that helps regulate
temperature and protect the
body. It does not contain any
blood vessels. Superficial or
first-degree burns only affect the
epidermis, which remains intact.
Often treatable at home, a first-degree burn is the least severe.

The dermis
The dermis is the lower level of the skin. Called the papillary region, it consists of
collagen, nerve endings, sweat glands, and elastic fibers. It is also the thickest layer of skin,
providing flexibility and strength. A second-degree burn is one that reaches the dermis. This
is more serious than a first-degree burn.

Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

This consists of adipose tissue that stores energy in the form of fat. It is also connective
tissue that cushions and insulates the body. Any burn that destroys all layers of the skin and
reaches the hypodermis is a third-degree burn. Third-degree burns are severe and require
immediate medical attention.

Types of Burns and Symptoms

All types of burns can be painful and produce visible symptoms. Understanding the
kind of burn and its severity is essential when assessing medical treatment. There are three
levels:
 first-degree
 second-degree
 third-degree

First-degree burn
A first-degree burn is the most common type of burn. Symptoms include:
 dry skin with mild swelling
 changes in skin color
 pain
 itchiness
 sensitivity to the touch

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

Sometimes blisters and peeling may occur. If touched, the skin may blanch (lighten in color).
The epidermis typically remains intact.

While first-degree burns may be painful, long-term damage is rare. Also known as ‘superficial’
burns, common causes include:
 mild sunburn
 tipped over hot liquids
 hot bathwater
 cooking fluids
 hot appliances, such as a cooker or iron
 friction between skin and hard surfaces, such as turf on a sports field, floors, roads, or
carpets

First-degree burns often heal on their own within a week. A person may require medical
treatment if the burn is over a large area of skin.

Second-degree burn
Second-degree burns affect deeper layers in the skin than first-degree burns and can
involve intense pain. They affect the epidermis and dermis, with the burn site often appearing
swollen and blistered. The area may also look wet, and the blisters can break open, forming
a scab-like tissue. Doctors also call them partial-thickness burns.

A second-degree burn is more likely to require medical treatment, depending on its location
and depth. Causes of second-degree burns include:
 boiling water
 flames from a fire
 hot stoves
 burning candle wax
 steam from an iron
 hot iron
 sunburn in extreme cases over a large area
 chemical burns
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

Many second-degree burns heal within a couple of weeks, although scar tissue can occur.

Third-degree burn
This is the most severe type of burn and requires medical treatment. Nerve and blood vessel
damage often leave the burn site looking pale in color or blackened and charred.

Despite the severity, third-degree burns are often painless because of damage to the nerve
endings. Doctors may call them full-thickness burns.

Causes of third-degree burns include:

 a scalding liquid
 flames
 an electrical source
 contact with a hot object for an extended period
 a chemical source

Third-degree burns destroy the epidermis and the skin follicles, which means new skin will not
grow back. Anyone who has a third-degree burn needs immediate medical attention.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

How to treat burns?

The treatment of a burn depends on its severity, size, and location. While a person can
manage some burns at home, more severe burns require immediate medical treatment.

First-degree burn treatment

These are generally not severe and most clear up relatively quickly. However, first-degree
burns can be painful.

Here is a quick guide:

 hold under cool water or apply a cool compress for 5-10 minutes or until the pain
subsides
 cover burn with a non-stick, sterile bandage
 clean wound gently with lukewarm water
 apply petroleum jelly daily
 over-the-counter (OTC) medication such as ibuprofen can help with pain and reduce
inflammation

Remember, if the burn is substantial or the person is an infant or older adult, seek medical
attention.

Second-degree burn treatment

Treating these types of burns will depend on its scale and location. Hot water and objects,
radiation, friction, electricity, or chemicals can cause second-degree burns.

Symptoms include the skin blanching when pressed, blistering, and swelling. These burns
calm down within a couple of days.

Home treatments include:

 running the burn under cool water to ease the pain — do not use ice as it can cause
tissue damage
 removing jewelry, rings, or clothing that could become too tight around the swelling
 applying a cool compress if the burn is on the face or body
 cleaning and washing the burn gently — always wash the hands first
 wrapping loosely with a bandage if clothing or dirt is likely to cause irritation
 moisturizing lotion can help, but follow instructions closely
 applying antibiotic ointment prescribed by the doctor
 talking pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen

Hot oil, grease, or microwaved liquids can cause deeper partial-thickness burns. Symptoms
can take a few days to develop, so monitoring the wound is crucial to prevent infection.

People with a more severe second-degree burn should see a healthcare professional for
treatment. They may prescribe a course of antibiotics or ointment. In extreme situations, a
person may require a skin graft.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

Third-degree burn treatment

This is the most severe burn and always requires medical treatment. Because a third-degree
burn often destroys nerve endings, a person may not feel any pain when they touch the area.
The skin can become raised, leathery, and dark brown, or waxy and pale.

Keep a person who has sustained third-degree burns warm and still. Complications may
include:
 infections
 blood loss
 tetanus
 shock
 hypothermia

Severe burns covering a large part of the body may require intravenous antibiotics and skin
grafts. Recovery times vary and depend on the location of the burn.

Complications of Burns
Complications of deep or widespread burns can include:
 Bacterial infection, which may lead to a bloodstream infection (sepsis)
 Fluid loss, including low blood volume (hypovolemia)
 Dangerously low body temperature (hypothermia)
 Breathing problems from the intake of hot air or smoke
 Scars or ridged areas caused by an overgrowth of scar tissue (keloids)
 Bone and joint problems, such as when scar tissue causes the shortening and
tightening of skin, muscles or tendons (contractures)

Prevention of Burns
To reduce the risk of common household burns:
 Never leave items cooking on the stove unattended.
 Turn pot handles toward the rear of the stove.
 Don't carry or hold a child while cooking at the stove.
 Keep hot liquids out of the reach of children and pets.
 Keep electrical appliances away from water.
 Check the temperature of food before serving it to a child. Don't heat a baby's bottle in
the microwave.
 Never cook while wearing loose fitting clothes that could catch fire over the stove.
 If a small child is present, block his or her access to heat sources such as stoves,
outdoor grills, fireplaces and space heaters.
 Before placing a child in a car seat, check for hot straps or buckles.
 Unplug irons and similar devices when not in use. Store them out of reach of small
children.
 Cover unused electrical outlets with safety caps. Keep electrical cords and wires out
of the way so that children can't chew on them.
 If you smoke, never smoke in bed.
 Be sure you have working smoke detectors on each floor of your home. Check them
and change their batteries at least once a year.
 Keep a fire extinguisher on every floor of your house.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

 When using chemicals, always wear protective eyewear and clothing.

 Keep chemicals, lighters and matches out of the reach of children. Use safety latches.
And don't use lighters that look like toys.
 Set your water heater's thermostat to below 120 F (48.9 C) to prevent scalding. Test
bath water before placing a child in it.

Post-Assessment
Assessment #I
Directions: Answer the following test items. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
letter only in your answer sheet. Goodluck!

1. Which of these facts is true about burns?

A. You can prevent burns by setting your water heater at 120°F (48.8°C)
B. Burns are the second leading cause of death in children ages 1 to 5
C. Infants and young children are more vulnerable to scald injuries
D. A and C

2. What are the main causes of death among people who initially survive a severe burn?
A. Fever
B. Bacterial infections
C. Severe dehydration
D. B and C

3. Which of these population groups has the highest risk for burns?
A. 60- to 65-year-olds
B. 18- to 35-year-olds
C. 24 months or younger
D. All of the above

4. Burns are classified by degrees from first to third. Which of these describes a third-degree
burn?
A. Burned area is larger than 5 inches across
B. Burned area is on the face
C. Burned area covers 10% of the body
D. Burn extends through all the skin layers and tissue

5. You should seek medical help right away if a second-degree (partial thickness) burn is
larger than 3 inches in diameter, or if the burn is on certain areas of the body. Which parts of
the body can be critical?
A. Hands
B. Feet
C. Any major joint
D. All of the above

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

6. Electrical burns can be caused by household current, certain batteries, and lightning. What
should be done first after a person has an electrical burn?
A. Put ice on the area of contact
B. Cover the burned area with a blanket
C. Be sure the person is not in contact with the electrical source
D. None of the above

7. In the case of a chemical burn to the skin, how should the affected area be treated?
A. Wash the area with soap
B. Flush the area for at least 20 minutes with cool, running water
C. Apply an ointment or butter
D. Cool the area with ice

8. How should the eye be treated if a chemical splashes into it?

A. Let the eye tear to wash the chemical out
B. Cover the eye with a loose, moist dressing
C. Use milk to flush the eye
D. Flush the eye with clean drinking water

9. Which is a common cause of a gasoline burn?

A. Starting a fire with gasoline
B. Allowing gasoline fumes to come in contact with an open flame
C. Priming a carburetor
D. Repairing a boat with a gasoline-powered motor
E. All of the above

10. This minor burn affects only the outer layer (epidermis) of the skin. It may cause redness
and pain.
A. 1st degree burn C. 3rd degree burn
B. 2nd degree burn D. 4th degree burn

11. This type of burn affects both the epidermis and dermis. It may cause swelling and red,
white or splotchy skin. Blisters may develop and pain can be severe.
A. 1st degree burn B. 2nd degree burn C. 3rd degree burn D.
4th degree burn

12. This burn reaches to the fat layer beneath the skin. Burned areas may be black, brown or
white. The skin may look leathery.
A. 1st degree burn B. 2nd degree burn C. 3rd degree burn D.
4th degree burn

13. What should you do first when treating an electrical burn?

A. ensure that the casualty is still breathing
B. wash the burn with cold water
C. check for danger and ensure that contact with the electrical source is broken
D. check for level of response

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

14. Upon checking the scene, it suggest suggests that a victim has suffered an electrical
shock. The first thing to do is….
a) Cover all burns with a dry loose dressing. b) Ask a bystander to help you move the
victim.
c) Place the victim on one side with the head down. d) Make sure the power is turned off.

15.You are caring for a victim with a burned hand. Put the hand in cool water if….
a) The burns are minor with no open blisters. b) There are burns with
open blisters.
c) The burns are very deep d) You should put the hand in cool water for all of the above.

16. For which of the following burn victims should you immediately call your local emergency
phone number?
a) A 40 year old man who has burned his hand with hot coffee.
b) A 68-year-old woman who has a blistered grease burn on her hands and arms.
c) A 26-year-old woman who has a sunburn on her shoulders.
d) All of the above.

17. A 15-year-old boy has just splashed a chemical on his face. After sending someone to call
for an ambulance, you would….
a) Cover the burned area.
b) Have the victim stay calm until ambulance arrives.
c) Flush the burned area with large amounts of water until the ambulance arrives.
d) Immediately drive the victim to the hospital.

18. Why should you cover burns with a clean or sterile dressing?
a) To prevent infection c) To keep the burned area warm
b) To cool burned area. d) Both a and b

19. What should be your first concern at the scene where a person has been seriously burned?
a) Checking the scene for safety. c) Checking the victims breathing
and pulse.
b) Calling your local emergency phone number. d) Cooling the burned area.

20. What names are given, to the 3 different depths of burns?

A. small, medium ,large
B. minor, medium, severe
C. first, second and third degree
D. superficial, partial thickness, full thickness

Your answers will be checked by your teacher.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

References
 https://www.webmd.com/brain/understanding-fainting-basics#1
 https://www.healthline.com/health/nosebleed#_noHeaderPrefixedContent
 https://www.medicinenet.com/fainting/article.htm
 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/182524#underlying-causes

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Treatment of First Degree Burn
Region VII

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY
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Grade & Section:

First Degree Burn

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Treatment of First Degree Burn

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF TOLEDO CITY

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