Route Summarization

SDC CNW (CSE 4541)

CSE, FET, ITER

SOA University, BBSR-30

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CNW CSE4541 summary
References

Glen E. Clarke & Richard Deal

CCT/CCNA
Routing & Switching Exam Guide
McGrawHll

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Discussion Flow

Introduction Summary Route Calcula-

tion

Route summarization
Example

Review Questions

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Introduction
 Route summarization is the ability to take a bunch of contiguous network
numbers in your routing table and advertise these contiguous routes as
a single summarized or aggregated route.

Route summarization enables you to summarize subnetted routes back

to the class boundary.

For example:

Subnetting Route summarization

Network ID:192.168.1.0/24
Subnetted it to: 192.168.1.0/26
Giving four networks:
(0) 192.168.1.0/26
(1) 192.168.1.64/64
(2) 192.168.1.128/26
(3) 192.168.10.192/26

Summarize these subnets in the routing table and advertise them as the
single class C network number-192.168.1.0/24

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Route summarization
Summarization enables us to create a more efficient routing environment by
providing the following advantages and disadvantages:
Advantages to route summarization

 It reduces the size of routing tables, requiring less memory and pro-
cessing.
It reduces the size of routing updates, requiring less bandwidth.
It prevents routing table instability.

Disadvantages to route summarization

The summary route may contain subnets that are not in use, and the
router may receive packets for routes that are not in use, although they
do mathematically fall under the summary route. In this case the router
will drop those packets.
The router may choose a different pathway for the route because the
pathway is more specific than that of the summary route.

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Summary Route Calculation

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Summary Route Calculation
List out each of the network IDs and then convert them to their binary
192.168.1.0/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
192.168.1.64/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000
192.168.1.128/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.10000000
192.168.1.192/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.11000000

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Summary Route Calculation
List out each of the network IDs and then convert them to their binary
192.168.1.0/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
192.168.1.64/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000
192.168.1.128/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.10000000
192.168.1.192/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.11000000

Identify, from left to right, how many of the bits are the same
192.168.1.0/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
192.168.1.64/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000
192.168.1.128/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.10000000
192.168.1.192/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.11000000

CNW CSE4541 summary

Summary Route Calculation
List out each of the network IDs and then convert them to their binary
192.168.1.0/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
192.168.1.64/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000
192.168.1.128/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.10000000
192.168.1.192/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.11000000

Identify, from left to right, how many of the bits are the same
192.168.1.0/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
192.168.1.64/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000
192.168.1.128/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.10000000
192.168.1.192/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.11000000

Summary Network ID and Mask

Network ID :11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000=192.168.10.0
Summary mask:11111111.11111111.1111111.00000000=255.255.255.0

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Summary Route Calculation
List out each of the network IDs and then convert them to their binary
192.168.1.0/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
192.168.1.64/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000
192.168.1.128/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.10000000
192.168.1.192/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.11000000

Identify, from left to right, how many of the bits are the same
192.168.1.0/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
192.168.1.64/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.01000000
192.168.1.128/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.10000000
192.168.1.192/26 11000000.10101000.00000001.11000000

Summary Network ID and Mask

Network ID :11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000=192.168.10.0
Summary mask:11111111.11111111.1111111.00000000=255.255.255.0

So, the summary route is 192.168.1.0/24

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Example-1

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Example-2
(1) 192.168.16.0 through network 192.168.31.0

(2) Networks 172.16.32.0 through 172.16.50.0

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Example-3

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Review Questions

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

CNW CSE4541 summary

Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

192.168.1.0 through 192.168.120.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

192.168.1.0 through 192.168.120.0 192.168.0.0/17

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

192.168.1.0 through 192.168.120.0 192.168.0.0/17

172.16.1.0 through 172.16.7.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

192.168.1.0 through 192.168.120.0 192.168.0.0/17

172.16.1.0 through 172.16.7.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

192.168.1.0 through 192.168.120.0 192.168.0.0/17

172.16.1.0 through 172.16.7.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0

192.168.128.0 through 192.168.190.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

192.168.1.0 through 192.168.120.0 192.168.0.0/17

172.16.1.0 through 172.16.7.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0

192.168.128.0 through 192.168.190.0 192.168.128.0 255.255.192.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

192.168.1.0 through 192.168.120.0 192.168.0.0/17

172.16.1.0 through 172.16.7.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0

192.168.128.0 through 192.168.190.0 192.168.128.0 255.255.192.0

53.60.96.0 through 53.60.127.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

192.168.1.0 through 192.168.120.0 192.168.0.0/17

172.16.1.0 through 172.16.7.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0

192.168.128.0 through 192.168.190.0 192.168.128.0 255.255.192.0

53.60.96.0 through 53.60.127.0 53.60.96.0 255.255.224.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

192.168.1.0 through 192.168.120.0 192.168.0.0/17

172.16.1.0 through 172.16.7.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0

192.168.128.0 through 192.168.190.0 192.168.128.0 255.255.192.0

53.60.96.0 through 53.60.127.0 53.60.96.0 255.255.224.0

172.16.10.0 through 172.16.63.0

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Review Questions
192.168.1.0/24 through 192.168.12.0/24 192.168.0.0/20

172.144.0.0 through 172.159.0.0 172.144.0.0 255.240.0.0

192.168.32.0 through 192.168.63.0 192.168.32.0 255.255.224.0

192.168.96.0 through 192.168.111.0 192.168.96.0 255.255.240.0

66.66.0.0 through 66.66.15.0 66.66.0.0 255.255.240.0

192.168.1.0 through 192.168.120.0 192.168.0.0/17

172.16.1.0 through 172.16.7.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.248.0

192.168.128.0 through 192.168.190.0 192.168.128.0 255.255.192.0

53.60.96.0 through 53.60.127.0 53.60.96.0 255.255.224.0

172.16.10.0 through 172.16.63.0 172.16.0.0 255.255.192.0

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Review Questions
1. On a VLSM network, which mask should you use on point-to-point WAN links in
order to reduce the waste of IP addresses?

(A) /27 (D) /30

(B) /28
(C) /29 (E) /31

2. If a host, A, is configured with an incorrect default gateway and all the other com-
puters and router are known to be configured correctly, which of the following
statements is TRUE?

(A) Host A cannot communicate (C) Host A can communicate with

with the router. hosts in other subnets.
(B) Host A can communicate with
other hosts in the same sub- (D) Host A can communicate with
net. no other systems.

3. You are configuring the gigabit interface on the Cisco router with the last valid IP
address of the 131.107.48.0/20 network. What address would you use?

(A) 131.107.48.254 (C) 131.107.64.254

(B) 131.107.255.254 (D) 131.107.63.254

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THANK YOU

CNW CSE4541 summary