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ENGLISH
Quarter 4 - Module 2: Lesson 1
Writing a Paragraph Showing
Cause and Effect

Department of Education - MIMAROPA Region

English – Grade 5
Quarter 4 - Module 2: Lesson 1: Writing a Paragraph Showing Cause and Effect
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall

subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos,

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use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
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Published by the Department of Education

Regional Director: Benjamin D. Paragas, CESO V
Assistant Regional Director: Atty. Suzette T. Gannaban- Medina
Chief, CLMD: Mariflor B. Musa

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Myrna E. Mundin

Editor: Adelardo I. Malaluan, PhD, Ileen R. Sta. Rinala
Reviewers: Rommel M. Pascua, Kathleen R. Osano
Illustrators: Alexander B. Abeleda, Elena C. Tugade, Louie J. Cortez, Jefferson Repizo
Layout Artist: Mark Roger A. Dacayanan

Printed in the Philippines by DepEd MIMAROPA

Department of Education – MIMAROPA Region

Office Address: Department of Education, MIMAROPA Region (CLMD)

Meralco Avenue corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City

Telefax: (02) 631-40-70; (02) 637-3093

E-mail Add: [email protected]

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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) focuses on Writing a

Paragraph Showing Cause and Effect as one of the Most Essential
Learning Competencies (MELCs) in Grade 5 English. This learning material
was patterned on Bloom’s Taxonomy Instructional Design wherein learning
activities were aligned with the identified objectives and were sequenced
according to their level of difficulty considering the learner’s needs, interest
and abilities.
You need to ensure that the learner clearly understand the
lesson or concepts discussed in the module. You are also expected to guide
him/her in answering the activities or accomplishing the different learning
tasks thereby enabling him/her to master the competency.

For the learner:

This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is especially made to enhance

your attitude, knowledge and skills vis-à-vis the identified learning
competency. Through this module, you will engage in fun and interesting
learning activities and answer varied exercises and tasks to help you gain
mastery of the target competency which will enable you to effectively use the
English language in listening, speaking, reading and writing. Those learning
activities are appropriately selected and carefully crafted according to your
needs, interests, and abilities.

To successfully achieve the objectives of this module, kindly do

the following:

• Read and follow the instructions in all the learning activities

and exercises very carefully,
• Be honest in answering all the learning activities and exercises,
• Write your answers neatly and legibly in your subject notebook
or on a separate sheet of paper, and
• Seek guidance from your parents, guardians or subject teacher
if you encounter difficulty in accomplishing the learning
activities.

Working on each learning activity in this module will surely

enable you to learn certain aspects of the target language in an enjoyable
and meaningful way. So take good care of this module and have fun while
learning!

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 What I Need to Know

After going through this lesson, you are expected to:

• determine the cause-and-effect relationship within sentences

and paragraph

• write a paragraph showing cause and effect

It’s high time that you participate in a meaningful learning experience

that will help improve your writing skill. Every page of this module is

composed of reading materials and tasks to make your learning adventure

worth remembering.

Happy learning!

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 What I Know

In your previous lesson, you have learned about how visual images

affect the meaning of a text. Let’s test your gained knowledge by looking at

the editorial cartoon below. Through analyzing the content of the

illustration, what do you think will be the text all about?

Now, read the text about the editorial cartoon.

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 Organized Traffic Solution: An Excellent Job

It is observed that traffic management in San Jose Pilot Elementary

School has been in progress because of the collaboration of its educational

partners such as the parents, barangay officials, representatives from local

government unit in formulating the plan for the safety of the children.

This kind of action is commendable because of the positive impact

that the stakeholders of education especially the schoolchildren could get. In

the past, any kind of vehicles was allowed to enter the school premises which

made parents and teachers worried about their children since they love to roam

around without looking at the possible danger they might encounter. Likewise,

they go outside the campus to buy items offered by the vendors across the

streets. They too call for a ride on tricycles wherever they want to, ignoring the

approaching vehicles in the highway.

Today, vehicles are no longer allowed to get inside the campus

including those belong to the employees. The oval is now free of any passing

vehicles. Children enjoy the wide area for playing soccer, track and field and

other forms of outdoor games. As they go out of the school, they will not see any

vendors offering tempting toys and other items across the street so they will not

cross the street anymore. Furthermore, what is impressing is the effort of the

municipal government thru the initiative of the Parent-Teacher Association

(PTA) officers to put up barriers outside the campus’ gates to protect children

from vehicles. With all these advantages, we salute for the excellent job!

-from THE PANDURUCAN, The official publication of San Jose Pilot Elementary School, June-October, 2017, Y.5, No.1

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Process Questions:
1. What is the message of the editorial cartoon?

2. Does the illustration has the effect on the meaning of the text? Does it

create relationship in terms of tone, mood, values, and message?

3. How do you feel about the cartoon? Does it feel the same after reading the

text? Why?

Lesson WRITING A PARAGRAPH SHOWING CAUSE AND EFFECT

Air is one essential component of biodiversity. Without it, life is

not possible on earth. What shall we do if the air we breathe becomes

polluted?

What’s In

Read the paragraph below and find out the effects of air pollution

to our lives.

The Air That We Breathe

Does the air you breathe is still fresh as before? If you are

from the province, your answer is definitely ‘yes’ but if you are someone

who is living in a highly urbanized area or in a city, you may probably

think many times and give an answer of ‘no’.

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 Human beings, as the stewards of God’s creation, most of

times, are becoming forgetful in showing the love to Mother Nature.

Because of their wrongdoings, air pollution has taken place. Some

people pollute land by throwing garbage everywhere which leaves foully

and smelly odor in the air. Due to this practice, people around the place

get illnesses and other viral infections caused by germs, bacteria and

virus.

Smoke from vehicles and gas or chemical emission from

factories are the most common cause of air pollution. Exhaust gases

become very dominant especially in highly urbanized towns and cities

mainly because the government lacks control over the preferences of

citizens to become more convenient than considering the harmful

effects. With all these things happening around, we, human beings must

be responsible in bringing back the beauty of our environment.

Comprehension Questions:

1. What does the paragraph tell?

2. As human, do you feel guilty about the statement “Human beings, as

the stewards of God’s creation, most of times, are becoming forgetful

in showing the love to Mother Nature.” Why?

3. What practices of community people were mentioned in the paragraph

that caused pollution in the air?

4. Which among the effects of the air pollution is/are observable in your

community?

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 5. As youth, how will you show your care towards the conservation of a

smoke-free air?

6. What relationship of ideas does the text show?

What’s New

The article focusing on air pollution presents cause and effect

relationship. It explains the reasons why such environmental problem is

existing nowadays. Air pollution has become the negative result of

wrongdoings of people like the improper disposal of garbage and emission of

chemical substances from the factory. The cause gives the reason while the

effect shows the result.

Study the cause-effect relationship stated in the paragraph:

The Air We Breathe

CAUSE EFFECT

• throwing garbage

everywhere
• Air pollution
• Smoke from vehicles

• chemical emission

from factories

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 The diagram shows that the paragraph has multiple causes with one

effect. However, there are paragraphs that show multiple effects with one

effect.

Remember:

In writing a paragraph that presents cause–effect relationship, the

following guidelines should be considered:

First, draw an illustration that will match to the discussion of the

chosen topic.

Second, think of a thesis statement that sums up what your

paragraph will be all about. In other words, a thesis statement is the key

sentence or the main idea in the paragraph. Look at the example below:

Thesis Statement: Man has been very careless with the environment that it

caused air pollution.

cause cause cause

throwing garbage
gas or chemical
everywhere which smoke from vehicles
emission from
leaves foully and
factories
smelly odor in the air

EFFECT
AIR POLLUTION

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 Next, lay down the cause/s and the effect/s in the body or content

of the paragraph by supporting the key sentence coherently. Remember to

focus on the topic you are discussing. This only means that information

related to the tackled issue must be provided.

Lastly, to maintain the coherence of the paragraph that you are

writing, do not forget to use signal words or transitional devices which

suggest cause such as because, since, if and due to and for effect so, for this

reason, therefore, as a result, otherwise, consequently, and thus.

What Is It

Below is a chart that presents a cause-effect relationship. Your task is

to construct a paragraph using the given information. Your final output

must be written on a one whole intermediate paper. You have to observe

proper margins, indention, capitalization and correct punctuation marks as

you pen down your ideas.

Thesis Statement: Flash floods happen due to many factors.

CAUSE EFFECT

• Improper waste disposal Flash flood

• Sewage system clogged with

waste

• Forest Denudation

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 • Industrialization (forests were

converted into commercial

areas)

• Global warming that caused

the melting of the ice in polar

regions

What’s More

A. Write one paragraph about a timely issue. Make sure that you

present an information with cause-and-effect relationship. Use the graphic

organizer to see the flow of your idea. If you are having difficulty thinking of

the issue to be discussed, you may choose any topic given below.

cause

effect effect effect effect

Thesis
Statement

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 Topics:

getting good grades getting bad grad

caring for animals abusing animals

planting trees planting vegetables

respecting the old respecting indigenous

people culture

B. In the new normal, we are experiencing the impact of COVID-19

pandemic. Show the cause-and-effect relationship of this global health issue

by making a diagram. You are given the chance to decide whether you are

going to present one effect with multiple causes or one cause with multiple

effects. Write your answer on your notebook.

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What I Have Learned

Things to remember in writing a paragraph that

shows cause and effect relationship:

1. Organize the key sentence using graphic organizer

or diagram that may present effect and multiple

causes or vice versa

2. Start writing your ideas with a key sentence

followed by the cause/s or effect/s to have a logical

flow of the discussion

3. Use transitional or signal words in establishing

connection between ideas

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 What I Can Do
Prac

This time, put your learned knowledge into practice by writing a paragraph

that presents cause and effect relationship. Thesis statement is provided in

each item so you have to think of the supporting ideas to construct a

paragraph.

1. Children can acquire illness and diseases due to several reasons.

_______________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

2. My mother shows genuine love for our neighbor.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. Water shortage might happen in the future.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4. Scarcity of food happens to many Filipino families.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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 5. People have time to prepare and prevent damage from thunderstorms.
___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

What Can I Do On My Own

Read the given details below. Write a short paragraph using the

information found on the chart. Use signal words or transitional devices to

achieve smooth flow of presenting the issue.

Thesis Statement: Trees play an important role to the lives of

people

CAUSE EFFECTS

Cut trees Flood

Soil Erosion

Extinction of wild life

Lack of construction materials

Global warming

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 What Can I Do
More

Write a paragraph that shows cause-and-effect relationship with

regard to global warming. Organize your ideas using the suggested steps in

constructing a paragraph. Write your answer on your notebook.

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 Answer Key

What I Know:
1. The cartoon shows how traffic problems cause worries to students.
2. As a student, I know how it feels like encountering traffic problem in
the community. Such condition really worries my parents that’s why I
felt curious at how this would be addressed by the authorities of the
community and the school.
3. After reading the text, I felt grateful since I’ve learned that this traffic
problem in the school had been addressed by the people concerned.

Comprehension questions:

1. The text talks about the effects of air pollution due to the wrong practices of
human.
2. Yes, I felt guilty over it because in some ways I do harm the environment
such that of throwing garbage everywhere.
3. The practices of men that caused air pollution are throwing garbage, smoke
belching and government’s lack of control to the chemical wastes produced
by factories.
4. (answers depend on the kind of wrong practices observed by the children in
their community)
5. Possible answer: To avoid such wrong practices, people in our community
practice proper waste disposal through segregation of bio from non-
biodegradable and recyclable.
6. As a youth, I should commit myself to proper waste disposal practices. I
should stop people who are burning their garbage to stop unnecessary
smoke that causes trouble to health and environment.
7. The text shows cause-effect relationship.

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 What Is It:
Flash floods happen due to many factors. Improper disposal anywhere in
factories, household, mining, market especially in squatter areas. Sewage system
clogged with waste. Forest denudation done by the loggers. Mostly our forest was
converted into commercial or we called industrialization sight. Another cause of
flash flood is global warming that caused of melting of the ice in polar region. So,
these are the effect why we are suffering flash flood during rainy season.

What More:

A. Determination and studying hard is key to success. This is how why some
pupils/student become successful. The reason is getting good grades. This is
essential because it helps us a lot for our future. You can apply scholarship
where you want to study until you finish your college degree. It is easy to find
a job here in the Philippines or in abroad. By getting good grades there are
many challenges happen in your future.
B.

PANDEMIC
COVID 19
(CAUSE)

Scared for their unemployment No more gathering More people will

health suffer from poverty

EFFECTS

What Can I Do stopped

1. Children can acquire illness and diseases due to many reasons like dirty
surrounding, lack of nutritious food and vitamins. No proper guidance of parents
for health care. Lack of exercise and late sleep in the evening.

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2. Mother shows genuine love for our neighbor because she wants a smooth
relationship for them. She doesn’t want to make trouble. She feels happy and
comfortable if somebody loves you too.

3. Water shortage may happen one day if each one of us doesn’t care of using it.
Some faucets are open without the knowledge of the owner. PVC pipe are damaged.

4. Scarcity of food happens to many Filipino families if this COVID-19 continues for
two years. Most of the people will be unemployed that is why it would be hard to
earn for a leaving. It may happen if we are not wise in using money.

5.People must spend time to prepare for the possible thunderstorm. If a strong
typhoon hits your place, it would be hard to survive without enough knowledge and
preparations.

What Can I do on my own:

Trees play an important role in many life forms including human. It is

vital. Nowadays loggers and some people living near the foot of the mountain are
continuing cutting of trees. They don’t care about the effects. During rainy season
we experienced flash flood, and soil erosion, extinction of wild life in the forest and
lack of construction materials for building houses and other construction projects.
Now we feel the worst effect, the global warming.
Wake up! Stop cutting trees.

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References

THE PANDURUCAN, The official publication of San Jose Pilot Elementary School,
June-October, 2017, Y.5, No.1

Angeles, Evelyn B. and Kristine Erika C. Castillo, Joy in Learning English,

Quezon City: Vibal Group, Inc., 2016

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, MIMAROPA Region – (CLMD)

Meralco Avenue, corner St. Paul Road, Pasig City

Telephone Nos.: (02) 631-40-70; (02) 637-3093

Email Address: [email protected]