ANDROID

ANDROID

Prasanna Kumar Dixit

Director, Interface Software,
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

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Android

ISBN: 9789325977884

First Edition 2014

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Printed in India

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 DEDICATED TO

BIBLE
RAMAYANA
HOLY KORAN
MAHABHARATA
GURU GRANTH SAHIB
AND ALL THE OTHER
HOLY BOOKS

AS NO BOOK CAN BE BETTER THAN THESE BOOKS.

 PREFACE
One is greater than zero: this is the motto behind this book. If some knowledge is
gained after reading this book then it is more than zero, so my mission will be successful.
Android is the in-thing in the market for everyone-young to old from; top to bottom; in India
and the world. Developing the android application has become a; modern day past time. The
purpose here is to say how simple the Android programming which can easily be developed.
Now-a-days every web application is brought to the mobiles so that the information will on
the finger tips. If we look at the market we find that the scope of Android is so huge that
anyone who knows android applications can easily get a job. Due to all the above factors,
Android is now a hot technology among the programmers. Companies like Samsung, LG,
Sony, HTC etc are using Android extensively and are growing manifold. In the near future
the market of Android will be much more that now.

So Android is a movement that has moved the data from laptop to hand held devices
like mobile. Competition for Android is there but is in the front runner in mobile technology
by a long distance. Good knowledge in basic Java will help you to understand and develop
the technology and Android apps. Many universities in India and across the world are now
teaching Android in their syllabus which shows the importance of this subject. This book
can be read by anyone who knows Java and XML concepts. This book is a step forward
to do a plain Android example. This book is written with lot of diagrams with explanations
which will help a student to understand fast. This book is also attached with a project, if any
programmer tries to run that project will be greatly benifitted to learn Android professionally.
It is always challenge to give a project in Android which I have tried to give. So it is a very
useful book both for beginners and professionals.

I shall be glad to hear from the users of the book so that the way forward to design a
new edition for me becomes easier. I can be reached at [email protected]

Prasanna Kumar Dixit

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
My acknowledgement goes to everyone who has come in my life: my Father-who
taught me how to work hard, my Mother- who taught us love in different forms, my wife-who
has taught me to be passionate and more romantic to the profession and given the internal
energy and support, my daughters-so good with all day chatting and vibrancy which gives
me the energy to do work, my brother-always helping me without any conditions, my
sister-for giving and loving me with unconditional love, my neice and nephew-give me
love like my daughters and sons.

I thank all my teachers of unit-IV of Bhubaneswar, B.S High School Sundargarn,

SCS College Puri and Institute of Engineers (Chennai). I specially thank the lecturers of ITER
Odisha from where I have completed my M.Tech. Their dedication is fantastic. I specially
thank Mr. Hemant kumar Pradhan (M. Tech.) from whom I got support in Android,
Ms. Bijaya Bhatt (M. Tech.) whose inspiration in the topic is brilliant. Then come many
persons who have helped me from time to time, thanks to them. Just to mention few of them,
Lalto sir, Sambit, Sabyasachi who are another few persons who helped me in Android.
Then come Swati, Sruti, Nibedita, Mahaprasad , Abhipsa , Sidhartha , Rosalin, Archana
Sahoo, Abinash, Manisha, J.M.Pany, Sunil, Amit, Abhishek, and Aryan all of whom
have been fantastic in their work. Most of the credit for this book goes to my students whom
I am training as their response has encouraged me to write the book. Manas Pradhan is
another name who has also helped me a lot. Finally thanks to almighty to give me courage
to write this book. At last I have to give thank to Mr. Santosh Verma, Mr. Sunil Thakur,
Mr. N.Poddar, Mr. Suvendu and the whole editorial team of Vikas for giving such a beautiful
look to this book.

Prasanna Kumar Dixit

 CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION TO ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM
1.1 What is Android? 2
1.2 What is “Open Handset Alliance”? 2
1.3 Android Ecosystem 3
1.4 Why android??? 4
1.5 Android versions 5
1.6 Android Activity 6
1.7 Features of Android 7
1.8 Android Architecture: 8
1.9 Stack Linux Kernel 15

2. CONFIGURATION OF ANDROID ENVIRONMENT

2.1 Operating System 18
2.2 Java JDK 18
2.3 Android SDK 18
2.4 Android Development Tools (ADT) 20
2.5 Android Virtual Devices (AVDs) 21
2.6 Emulators 22
2.7 Dalvik Virtual Machine 23
2.8 Difference between Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and
Dalvik Virtual Machine (DVM) 26
2.9 Steps To Install and Configure Eclipse and SDK 27

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 3. CREATE THE FIRST ANDROID APPLICATION
3.1 Directory Structure 39

4. ANDROID USER INTERFACE

4.1 Understanding the components of a screen 42
4.1.1 Linear Layout 44
4.1.2 Absolute Layout: 56
4.1.3 Frame Layout: 59
4.1.4 Relative Layout 60
4.1.5 Table Layout 64

5. DESIGNING YOUR USER INTERFACE WITH VIEW

5.1 TextView 68
5.2 Button - A standard push button 69
5.3 ImageButton 71
5.4 EditText 73
5.5 CheckBox 74
5.6 ToggleButton 80
5.7 RadioButton and RadioGroup 83
5.8 Progress Bar 87
5.9 Autocomplete TextView 90
5.10 Spinner 92
5.11 ListView 94
5.12 GridView 97
5.13 ImageView 99
5.14 Scrollview 102
5.15 Custom Toast Alert 106
5.16 Time and Date Picker 109

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 6. ACTIVITY
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 Intent 119
6.3 Intent _ filter 127
6.4 Activity life cycle 127
6.5 Broadcast Life cycle 130
6.6 Service 130

7. MULTIMEDIA
7.1 Android System Architecture 142
7.2 Play Audio and Video 144
7.2.1 Play Audio 144
7.3 Text to Speech 156

8. SQLITE DATABASE IN ANDROID

8.1 SQLite Database 166
8.2 Why SQLite? 166
8.3 Creation and connection of the database 167
8.4 Extracting value from a Cursors 173
8.5 Transactions 175

9. TELEPHONING AND MESSAGING

9.1 SMS Telephony 184

10.TELEPHONING AND MESSAGING

10.1 Creating the Project 200
10.2 Getting the maps API key 201
10.3.1 Displaying the zoom control 205
10.3.2 Changing Views 209

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10.4 Navigating to a Specific Location 211
10.4.1 Adding Markers 214
10.4.2 Getting the Location which was touched 218
10.4.3 Geocoding and Reverse Geocoding 220
10.4.4 Getting Location Data 223
10.4.5 Monitoring a Location 227

11. JSON
11.1 What is JSON? 230
11.2 XML and JSON 230
11.3 Use of JSON 231
11.4 Syntax and Rule of JSON 232
11.5 JSON Name/Value Pairs 232
11.6 JSON Values 232
11.7 JSON objects 233
11.8 JSON Arrays 234
11.9 How to JSON uses JavaScript syntax 234
11.10 Parsing JSON and XML 235
11.10.1 Parsing JSON Http Response 236
11.10.2 Parsing XML Http Response 236

12. PROJECT ON TRAFFIC SURVEY

12.1 Description 240

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 1 Introduction to
Android Operating System

• What is Android?

• What is “Open Handset Alliance”?

• Android Ecosystem

• Why Android?

• Android Version

• Features of Android

• Architecture of Android

• Stack Overview

Chapter Overview:
In this chapter, a new learner will able to understand the history of Android, the architecture,
framework and various tools which are used in Android framework. You will also learn about the
Android system overview with topics like Preferences and various supported File System in Android.
Operating Systems have developed a lot in last 15 years. It started from black and white phones to
smart phones or mini computers. Nowadays one of the most widely used mobile OS is ANDROID.
 2 Android

Android Inc was founded in Palo Alto of California, U.S. by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and
Chris White during 2003. After that it was acquired by Google in 2005.

1.1 What is Android?

 Android is a stack of software for mobile devices that are an Operating System, Middleware
and Key Applications.

Figure 1.1: Android Operating System

 Android is a Linux-based operating system which is designed for touchscreen mobile
devices like smartphones and tablet computers.
 It is an open source technology that allows the software to be freely modified and distributed
by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and developers.
 Android was unveiled during 2007 along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance.

Figure 1.2: Android Logo

1.2 What is “Open Handset Alliance”?

Open Handset Alliance (OHA) was formed in November 2007.The OHA is the group that is in charge
of the Android smartphones operating system. It was created by Google. The Open Handset Alliance
(OHA) is a business alliance that consists of 47 companies for developing open standard platform for
 Android

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