man Exercise 3.1 - SLR NNUNLLTSH eae MNRAS SOE eat! SHARIN We have learnt how to add and subtract big numbers. Before performing these operations on numbers, let us revise some basic properties of operations which hold for both addition and subtraction. Properties of Addition and Subtraction 1, When we add 0 to any number, the sum is the number itself, In the same way, when we subtract 0 from any number, the difference is the number itself, Forexample, a. 32481 +0 = 32481 b. 525306 - 0 = 525306 2. When we add 1 to any number, we get the next number (successor). Similarly when we subtract 1 from any number, we get the previous number (predecessor). For example, a. 83105 + 1 = 83106 b. 748230 - 1 = 748229 3. When we subtract a number from itself, the difference is 0. For example, 156280 - 156280 = 0 4. Commutative Property: If the order of two numbers to be added is changed, the sum remains the same. But the same is not true for subtraction. For example, 793001 + 25270= 818271 or 25270 + 793001 = 818271 5. Associative Property: The sum of three or more numbers does not change even when their grouping is changed. But the same is not true for subtraction. For example, 145280 + (25369 + 3921) = (145280 + 25369) + 3921 1, Add or/and subtract the following numbers. a, 43522 + 33165 c, 354351 + 323217 e€, 154 - 4073 - 20237 + 553218 2. Find the number which is: a. 35248 more than 321505 b. 52046 less than 314613 c. 845201 more than 803188 324806 less than 432100 93685 - 67125 364525 - 209428 835629 ~ 76324 + 23537 Pas———————————_-—<“<‘T? of addition or subtraction. 3. Complete the following using properties b, 359644 - 0 = a. 38152+1= c 45237-1= d. 0+ = 970154 ek 999900 f. 23851 + = 36863 + & (224468 + 53711) +. = 224468 + ( + 60140) 4. Read the problems and find the answer. a, A train covers a distance of 32182 km from City A to City Ban City C covering a distance of 56231 km. How much more distance travel from City B to City C than from City A to City Be b. A factory manufactured 5034 toys on Monday, 52521 toys 0 on Sunday. How many toys were produced altogether? ¢. Ina poultry farm, 432132 eggs were produced in the Ist year and 63: How many more eggs were produced in the 2nd year than the Ist year? 4. There are 523421 men, 432692 women and 221342 children in a city. What is the d goes from City B to does the train have to n Tuesday and 453681 toys 5244 eggs in the 2nd year population of the city? While adding, we write the digits of the given numbers according to the place value of the digits Example: Add 4523261, 1 131102 and 4225433, and write the number sentence and number name for the sum. 1D) Erk) Crh) ME aE EO) 2 3 2 6 ‘f + 1°) OR) + 54 See Tia 6 ——>» Step 1: Add ones: 1+2+3=6 ‘+ Step 2: Add tens:6 +0+3=9 | | =a Step 3: Add hundreds: 2 +1 +4=7 | Step 4: Add thousands:3+1+5=9 | Step 5: Add ten thousands: 2 +3 +2: | ae Add lakhs:5+14+2=8 Step 7: Add ten lakhs: 4 +1+4 Number sentence: Sum = 4523261 + 1131102 + 4225433 = 9879796 : So the sum is 9879796 and is read as Ninety-eight lakh seventy-nine thousand seven hu Te 4 1 4 9 —Bloeu Yewommm Exercise 3.2 Adding 7-digit Numbers (with carry over) While adding the digits columnwise, if we get a double digit answer in any place, the units digit is written in the sum and the tens digit is carried forward to the next place. Example 1: Add 2352521 and 6738753. rr ee re pen oes aca ae Sum = 2352521 + 6738753 = 9091274 hare area So, the sum is 9091274 and is read as aN Ninety lakh ninety-one thousand twohundred , 6 \7 3 \8 \7 5 3 seventy-four. 0G ee Ae, es Example 2: Find the sum of 3543261, 4702831 and 6137084. oie LI ia ath Mets eoetey Baslbg ac) OQ Be 5 4D 3Q 2D 6 1 sum =3543261 + 4702831 = 14383176 ‘A Lea aD SSAA + 6137084 + 6 \1 3 \7 \o \8 4 So,the sum is 14383176 and is read as One crore forty-three lakh eighty-three 1 4 3 8 a 3 zh 6 thousand one hundred seventy-six. 1. Find the sum of the following. Write the number sentence and number names for each a. 834901 + 1124076 290881 + 5109923 c. 1038501 + 2060010 2432153 + 3421625 e. 3562131 + 4823179 7853214 + 4321116 g. 87568 + 36363 + 2525255 4562242 + 1826141 + 11431 i. 2623142 + 8632184 + 524321 2100304 + 2166070 + 4030785 . 3452071 + 1226003 + 5321715, 7687453 + 2643625 + 8999634 2. Add the following by changing into numbers and write the sum in words a. Ten lakh sixty thousand four hundred eight and twelve lakh twenty-seven thousand three hundred ninety-one b. Thirty-five lakh twenty-seven thousand six hundred forty-four and seventy-two lakh four thousand one hundred sixty-six c. Twenty-five thousand eight hundred forty-two, seven lakh forty-one thousand two hundred eighty-seven and forty-four lakh ninety-nine thousand eighty-seven d._ Nineteen lakh twenty-four thousand four hundred seventy-seven, thirty-nine thousand forty-two and fifty-two lakh thirty-four thousand six hundred fifty-nine pysrreas re ote Learning Maths—5om Exercise 3.3 — 1, Add the following, Write the number sentence and the sum in words. a. 23416234 + 45343762 b. 54873865 + 35477438, C. 33435305 + 65462384 d. 93784126 + 35478878, @. 254134 + 66245114 32121352 f, 2874352 + 856243 + 56783224 2. Find the sum of a. 34176521, 83621474, 53621542 b. 14410321, 31457312, 44121345 ¢. 230041, 10067302, 11300041 d. 34777743, 19275228, 20942897 3. Add the following and write in words, a. ‘Two crore forty-three lakh sixty-five thousand seven hundred forty-one and five crore fifty-eight lakh forty-eight thousand five hundred eleven Four crore thirty-five lakh thirty-one thousand nine hundred fifty-six and nine crore ninety-eight lakh thirteen thousand three hundred thirty-five Eighty-seven lakh sixty-three thousand five hundred sixty-six, twenty-one lakh thirty-six thousand nine and one crore one lakh seventy-seven thousand eight hundred thirty-five Eight crore seventy lakh eighty-seven thousand seven hundred seventy-one, eleven lakh seventy-eight thousand five hundred eighteen and five crore ninety-nine lakh eight hundred sixty-six Example: A National Government distributes 74345212 pens, 52136128 pencils and 3142624 notebooks among school children. How many items are distributed in all? HS) Se a pe Th fat) ie Fo Oo oO oO Number of pens = TRANS AOS Oz! 2 Number of pencils = + SMe? lite sone 2 8 Number of notebooks = + Bi Gilg PAN anon 2 4 fill fi2ia eo! We bee sd has es ‘Thus, 129623964 items were distributed in all. tS Ww Learning Moths—5 to on NE = ~ aaa rs Past eeGiven a word problem and th, lems. rob) You have so far learnt how to solv word P BP by usin steps followed to solve it are: ts given in itand i) Bare expen,” (i) Understanding the problem, (ii) Se eae problems in which Y t appropriate method. We shall now study: e answer eae word problem for given: (i) some facts and (ii) th ei ‘and inning is 94. (Answer: j9,, Example I: Runs scored in the Ist inning is 104. Runs ce 7, Since 104 + 94 = 198, it follows that the question will sin the 2nd inning ina test match. \ “A batsman scored 104 runs in the Ist inning and 94 700 was the total runs scored by him in the match?” cost of DVD play, Example 2: Cost of a TV set = €28,750; cost, of Microwave (Answer: 750,95») =%8950. Frame a word problem for this statement: 4950 and 8950 is 50950. We can Looking at the figures, it is obvious that the sum of 28750, 1. the question as: iver is 73 S the cost of a TV set is £28,750; of Microwave oven is 1 3,250 and that of DVD play: 9 what is the total cost of all these items?” oven = 13,2505 750, Exercise 3.4 © pap Producti: 1. The production of toys in a factory are given yearwise in the table, Answer the questions that follows: a. Find the total production of toys in 2011-2013. b. Find the total production of toys in 2012-2014. ¢. Find the total production of toys in 2011-2015. Mohan Lal bought a house costing %83,62,158 and also bought an office for %56,32,154. How much money did he spend? 3. Ina Book fair, 42621273 books were sold in the first week and 85321540 books in the s: week. Find the total number of books sold at the end of the two weeks. 4. 7456231 copies of a magazine were sold in the month of] January, 7714098 copies in the of February and 2784912 copies in the month of March ina certain year. Fi n of magazines sold in these 3 months, ~ ec total 5. A state government allocated %3,87,41,981 for planting trees ak ides i %3,31,41,928 in the year 2014 and %3,7425,627in the year 2015, he ere in these three years, i total amount alloc What number should 326785 be subtracted from to get 72700? What number will you get when you add 178765 to 2804342 i Leoming Moh: of toy8. Frame word problems for the following. a. Marks in Maths = 94, Science = 89, English = 84, Social studies = 90. (Answer: 357) b. Cost of a scooter is 225,675; cost of a TV set is 221,890; cost of a sofa set is 718,750. (Answer: 266,315) ¢. Number of buffaloes = 28140, cows = 13250 and goats = 18500. (Answer: 59,890) Peewee Cit Example 1: Round off the given numbers to the nearest hundreds and estimate their sum. Then find their actual sum and verify your estimation: 397, 462, 823 Estimated sum = 400 + 500 + 800 = 1700 Rowden Cote Actual sum = 397 + 462 + 823 = 1682 a nen Difference between actual sum and ee re estimated sum = 1700 - 1682 = 18 ep pier peer The estimated sum is quite close to the actual sum. a ian Example 2: Round off the following numbers to the nearest thousands and estimate their sum. Then find their actual sum and check your estimation: 2428, 7296, 5849 Estimated sum = 2000 + 7000 + 6000 = 15000 Rounding off the numbers to Actual sum = 2428 + 7296 + 5849 = 15573 the nearest thousands. Difference between actual sum and estimated sum 2428 is rounded off to 2000 = 15573 - 15000 = 573 7296 is rounded off to 7000 ‘The estimated sum is close to the actual sum. 5849 is rounded off to 6000 Example 3: Round off the given numbers to the nearest ten thousands and estimate their sum. ‘Then find their actual sum and check your estimation: 48925, 16486, 85329 Estimated sum = 50000 + 20000 + 90000 = 160000 Rounding off the numbers to Actualsum = 48925 + 16486 + 85329 the nearest ten thousands. = 150740 48925 is rounded off to 50000 Difference between actual sum and estimated sum 16486 is rounded off to 20000 = 160000 - 150740 = 9260 85329 is rounded off to 90000 ‘The estimated sum is not close to the actual sum. 2 Leaming Moths—5 3a i ‘ names z 2mm Exercise 3.5 — : 1. Round off the given numbers to the nearest hundreds and estimate their sum. difference between actual sum and estimated sum. a. 444, 214, 879 b, 269, 1792, 731 c. 342, 879, 1895 d. 343, 486, 725, 2. Round off the given numbers to the nearest thousands and estimate their sum. F ind the difference between actual sum and estimated sum. a. 4865, 1349, 7426 b, 8462, 1491, 2942 c. 14562, 8029, 4862 d, 34521, 16882, 31449 3. Round off the given numbers to the nearest ten thousands and estimate their sum. Find tt difference between actual sum and estimated sum. a, 23948, 52736, 54381 b. 63048, 7420, 85092 ¢. 33333, 54811, 36245 d. 174926, 23440, 326609 ind the 4. Shobhit bought the following items: Books:%378 A pair of shoes :%1549 School bag :%352 Cricket bat :€772 Estimate the amount spent by him: a. by rounding off to nearest tens b. by rounding off to nearest hundreds [And in each case, find the difference between estimated sum and actual sum. Also check whether your estimation is accurate or not. Let us learn to subtract 7- and 8-digit numbers. We will do subtraction on the basis of what we have learnt for 5- and 6-digit numbers. Example 1: Subtract 1591125 from Checking the answer: We can check 7030049 and write the number sentence. the answer by adding the difference and subtrahend to get the minuend. 7: z Tth 3 a” rs ©0oO oO 7° 7 oOoee Dee, 2 - 1 5 9 1 1 - eo 9 1 1 2 5 5.4 Gaps minor 4° Number Sentence: Difference = 7030049 ~ 1591125 = 5438924 So, the difference is 5438924. Example 2: Find the difference of 74234548 and 18547665. c ro EIS SPF FOILED Numbersentence: 1 5 4 6 8 » 7 6 6 5_ Difference = 74234548 ~ 18547665 = 55686883 “55 6 8 6 8 TINS) So,the difference is 55686883, 7 = - Learning Maths wooAOR au nny -ample: Ina wholesale market, 25598218 kg of grains were sold in a month. Of these, 9875380 kg was wheat and the rest was other grains. What quantity of other grains were sold in the market? To get the quantity of other grains sold, we need to subtract the quantity of wheat from the total Buanely. CQ@rlL L Tth HT O SE icuantity of greinssold= $ 30,5 ¢ 30, 6 7 . 0 2 Quantity of wheat sold = 2 9 8 a8 Cee 8 3 8 Remaining quantity of grains = 25598218 - 9875380 = 15722838 The quantity of other grains sold is 15722838 kg ett anon barca Example 1: Anita had 248,000. Cost of Refrigerator is 717,255. Frame a word problem for this statement. (Answer: 730,745) Looking at the given figures, it is concluded that: 48000 - 17255 = 30745 We can write the question as: “Anita had 48,000 with her. If the cost of the Refrigerator is 217,255, what is the amount left with her?” Ist number is 9999. 2nd number is 1000. (Answer: 8999) It is easily seen that 9999 is the greatest 4-digit number and 1000 is the smallest 4-digit number. Also, their difference = 9999 - 1000 = 8999. The question will be: “Subtract the smallest 4-digit number from the greatest 4-digit number.” mmm Exercise 3.6 ~- Example 1. Subtract and write the number sentence. a, 8576248 - 5944827 b. 7834568 - 5437898 c. 76345619 ~ 61254787 d. 86345678 - 7458789 e. 8796321 - 7325121 f, 89898987 - 23234325 g. 98934532 - 67685678 h. 90000000 - 547691 i, 987543, 71 2. Find the difference of the following and write it in words. a. Eighteen lakh sixty-three thousand eighty-six and forty-four lakh fifty-two thousand six hundred twelve b. Ninety-nine lakh eighty-nine thousand seven hundred thirty and sixty-four lakh sixty- one thousand one hundred eighteen Leorning Moths—5 ssaceamms.8 <. Five crore forty-six lakh twent thousand two hundred forty-six 3. Solve the following problems. a. The difference of two numbers is 88066143. other. Which number should be added to 5854321 c. Which number should be added to 63547458 A person earns %53,62,187 per year and spen money does he save? e. A beverage manufacturer produced 5346247 bott 2 years, the production became 8632167. f, Make the greatest and smallest numbers difference between them. 4. Frame word problems for the following. a. Score of a cricket team in Ist innings = team = 709 runs. to get b. Ajit has 229,500. Cost of a computer set with all accessories is €43,000. c. Inanelection, winner got 157840 votes. Loser got 112940 votes. ELEC B HM ects tel y-one thousand and one cro! If one of the nu re eleven lakh eighty-nine mbers is 97262987, find the 8 to get 78432178? an t the greatest number of 8 digits ds %32,67,898 in the same year. How much les of fruit drink in a certain year. After Find the increase in the production. by using the digits 8, 5, 7,0, 1, 4and 9. Find the 423 runs, Total score in the match by the (Answer: 286, (Answer:¥ 13,500 (Answer: 44,900 Example 1: Round off 249 and 106 to the nearest hundreds and find their estimated difference. Also find the actual difference and verify your estimation. Estimated difference = 200 - 100 = 100 Actual difference = 249 - 106 = 143 The estimated difference is close to the actual difference. Therefore, our approximation is accurate. Example 2: Estimate the difference of 7433 and 3924 to the nearest thousands. Also find the actual difference. Estimated difference = 7000 - 4000 = 3000 Actual difference = 7433 - 3924 = 3509 Example 3; Estimate the difference of 47592 and 45628 to the nearest ten thousands, Also find the actual difference. Estimated difference = 50000 ~ 50000 = 0 Actual difference = 47592 ~ 45628 = 1964 ok Rounding off the given numbers to the nearest hundreds. 249 is rounded off to 200 106 is rounded off to 100 Rounding off the numbers to the nearest thousands. 7433 is rounded off to 7000 3924 is rounded off to 4000 Rounding off the numbers to the nearest ten thousands. Aenea is rounded off to 50000 and 45628 is rounded off to 50000sam Exercise 3.7 ~ 1, Estimate each difference after rounding off the given numbers to the nearest hundreds. Also find the actual difference, Check whether your approximation is accurate or not. a, 286 ~ 139 b. 145-112 c. 894-539 d. 1168 - 1109 €, 3385 -2824 2. Estimate each difference after rounding off the given numbers to the nearest thousands. Also find the actual difference. a, 2369- 1329 b. 4494 - 3841 c. 83864 - 69287 d. 23925 ~ 12132 e. 44321 - 23486 | 3. Estimate each difference after rounding off the giveri numbers to the nearest ten thousands. Also find the actual difference. a. 39481 - 32184 b. 49385 - 11367 c. 833864 - 639287 d. 278562 - 152462 e. 321476 - 307642 4 Anita bought a bottle of shampoo for 191, soap for £36, and other items for %232. Estimate (rounding off to the nearest tens) the amount she will receive from the shopkeeper if she gave him %500, Also find the actual amount received by her. Se OTR CECE MCAT errs tr Example: What must be subtracted from 38794564 to make it equal to the sum of 4304787 and 8678321? First, add 4304787 and 8678321. Subtracting 12983108 from 38794564. € TL Th thiH TO SP a ee aie AO ® OO a Si Oat 18087 Se esa O7ae Oi wae s + Sp MO ERS aaa = PEGS Hints los BB 22) ese fae hae fol fis Cae es ee CaS" ~. The required number is 25811456, Oe etn) Example: Two school libraries have 211834: How many more books should be in the two libraries be 36124578? '5 and 2139874 books respectivel bought so that the total number of books Leaming Maths —5 ecmgama Exercise 3.8 ~ Learning Moths—5 Subtract the sum of 25678232 and 33784701 from 79836260. Subtract the sum of 1362521 and 2658324 from the sum of 4321624 and 5672158, By how much is the sum of 74583267 and 2874032 greater than the sum of 43874280 and 3264876? What number should be added to the stm of 5672672 and 3821426 to get 100000007 The population of a city is 5834678. ‘There are 2173269 children who are less than 10 years old. The number of people in the age group 10-70 years is 2378621. Find the number of people whose age is more than 70 years. The number of student voters in an interschool election are 17849600. Out of this, 9447932 voted for the winner and 7949268 voted for the loser. How many students did not vote in the election? The total annual allocation for cleaning the Yamuna river is 23,78,14,000. Out of this 22,08,44,000 was allocated in the first year and 21,15,82,400 in the second year. The to be allocated in the third year. Find the remaining amount. The number of magazines ed by 7524000 in August of remaining was du 21739298 copies of a magazine were sold in the month of June. sold reduced by 4550000 in the month of July and then increas: the same year. What is the number of magazines sold in July and in August? ng numbers in the blank boxes of the following bo. EEG) Re EN LN TA (ath EAD EEE fO” | 6 Find the missi1 cee | oem fi [ir] ALO) 3 aee|s a 7 5 ee 7a asim onesi|ial| = + Bene 0) jaejo.-e | | oe ie BS 9 ia £0 oe 4 0 Peron a mE ec. ee te ant ens Eo tO Baza). 9) BS pansn 4 MOCO A NA 0 Eee Pwmuramalss - 3 pone Sale.) + 45 5) © Pa 3 ae 6 6 5 yen ie 1 -pimmimmm@m «& TO 4 rence eal ZL 9 anit Pee fae iad Ss A Jo e eae pe 92 3 ete10. Frame questions for the following: a. Arun received ©2500 from his father. Cost of T-shirt = 725, a pair of shoe: b. Population of a town is 1550. Men — 650, Women - 575 and the rest are ch 1s = 71250, ice cream = 790. (Answer: 7435) (Answer: 325) IS ildren. oa Game for two or more players 1. Make number cards from 0 to 9. 2. Keep them ina stack. 3. Draw six cards and keep its numbered side facing you. Forexomple, 1 4 0 9 7 3 4. Each player will make a largest 3-digit number and smallest 3-digit number, choosing one card only once. 5. Now, find the sum and difference separately. 6. Note the time token by each player. The one who finishes first is the winner. 7. Continue the game by keeping aside two cards each time. 8. Repeat 3 rounds fill all the cards are used. Extra: You may make the game more challenging by making 4-digit numbers, 5-digit numbers and so on. Find the missing number: 10989457 + (2200000 + ) = 10989457 + + 899999) 2. How much is 300000 less than 20308724? 3. Inset <,>or=sign: 436096 + 785766| | 2312036 - 408488 4, The difference of the greatest and smallest number formed by using the digits 3 4,7 and 1 is 770832. (True/False) yaaa acres 2: 3-0- 5. Estimate the sum of 214586 ond 317985 to the difference of 742356 and 156894 the nearest thousands and find which one is greater. aes Learning Maths—5