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Chapter-1

This document discusses the design of an automatic roofing and protection system for crops using a PIC microcontroller. It introduces automation and the goals of the system, which are to protect crops from rain and moisture using sensors. The document outlines the system components, including the microcontroller, sensors, motor and power supply. It describes the basic design and applications of the system to control soil temperature and moisture in agricultural fields.

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13 views

Chapter-1

This document discusses the design of an automatic roofing and protection system for crops using a PIC microcontroller. It introduces automation and the goals of the system, which are to protect crops from rain and moisture using sensors. The document outlines the system components, including the microcontroller, sensors, motor and power supply. It describes the basic design and applications of the system to control soil temperature and moisture in agricultural fields.

Uploaded by

Bts Army
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Automation is defined as a self-regulating process performed by using


programmable machines to carry out series of tasks. Introducing the use of machines
to a production process is called mechanization. Automation is gone one step further
and the process is not only supported by machines but these machines can be worked
in accordance with a program that regulates the behavior of the machine.
Nowaday, technology is running with time, it is completely occupied the life
style of human beings. Even though there is such an importance for technology in
human routine life, and there are even people whose life styles are very far to this
well-known term technology. So, it is the responsibility to design few reliable systems
which can be even efficiently used by them, farmers. The farmer is worked to produce
the crop suffers a lot at the end. The factors are included unexpected conditions when
yielded crop is dried before selling, which is completely destroyed the crop yield or
made the yield second grade. To avoid such condition, automatic roofing and
protection drying sheds are to be developed.
In this system, a system in which the sensors are detected automatically roof
and protective shield is wrapped on the intelligent microcontroller and a Direct
Current (DC) motor are employed. The moisture sensor of such drying shed is
protected the crop against rain and getting wet. To automate this task, a moisture
sensor and temperature sensor are sensed the moisture conditions and data are passed
to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is processed the data and activates the DC
motor control circuit and a protective wrapper is wrapped on the roof top [12Dhi].

1.1. Introduction to Automatic Roofing and Protection System for Crops


The automatic roofing and protection system is constructed using
Programmable Interface Controller (PIC) as a main controller. When the transformer
is supplied, the bridge rectifier is used to filter the voltage from AC to DC voltage.
And, voltage regulator is used to reduce from 12V to 5V supply. Temperature and soil
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moisture sensor are detected the signals and sent to the PIC. The PIC16F887 is
controlled the overall system. The PIC is commanded the motor driver to roof the
crops when the temperature and soil conditions are less than the standard temperature
and soil moisture conditions. DC motor is used to open and close the roof. In this
ways, the overall system is implemented. Figure 1.1. is shown the block diagram of
automatic roofing system.

Figure 1.1. Block Diagram of System Overview

1.2. Aims and Objectives


The main aim of the thesis is to design and implement the automatic roofing
and protection system for crops using PIC microcontroller. The objectives are as
follows.
 To study on the protection system for crops.
 To study on the usage of microcontrollers
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 To understand the operation of the proposed system


 To build the necessary power supply to produce the enough voltage supply.
 To design the prototype of the system.

1.3. Scope of Thesis


This thesis covers the following appliances. They are microcontroller and
power supply. A microcontroller (MCU for microcontroller unit or UC for μ-
controller) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit. In modern terminology,
it is similar to, but less sophisticated than, a system on a chip or SoC; an SoC may
include a microcontroller as one of its components. A microcontroller contains one or
more CPUs (processor cores) along with memory and programmable input/output
peripherals. Program memory in the form of ferroelectric RAM, NOR flash or OTP
ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a small amount of RAM.
Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the
microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications
consisting of various discrete chips [09Mal].
A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an
electrical load. The primary function of a power supply is to convert electric current
from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. As a
result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some
power supplies are separate standalone pieces of equipment, while others are built
into the load appliances that they power. Examples of the latter include power
supplies found in desktop computers and consumer electronics devices. Other
functions that power supplies may perform include limiting the current drawn by the
load to safe levels, shutting off the current in the event of an electrical fault, power
conditioning to prevent electronic noise or voltage surges on the input from reaching
the load, power-factor correction, and storing energy so it can continue to power the
load in the event of a temporary interruption in the source power.

1.4. Application Areas of This System


This system can be applied to areas where the soil temperature is controlled in
fields. And also, the farmers or the user can be controlled the moisture of soils. The
water usage can be optimized. Roofing system can be made by using motor ON/OFF.
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Figure 1.2. is shown the applications areas of automatic roofing and protection system
for crops.

Figure 1.2. Application Areas of System

1.5. Advantages of Overall System


Automatic roofing system has many advantages. They are low power
consumption and easy to install, remote monitoring is possible from field to farmer’s
home, by automatic control of DC motor. This system can be reduced power
consumption. This thesis can also be reduced the water wastage. High humidity and
temperature can be detected and controlled to this system.

1.6. Outline of Thesis


This thesis will include five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction to
the system that will construct. The second is about the theory background of the
system that are invented by others inventers. The third chapter will describe about the
components used in the system. The fourth chapter is about the System design and
implementation. The fifth chapter is the conclusion and discussion of overall system.

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