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T1 Intro TICA

The document discusses how the number of electronic control units (ECUs) in vehicles has increased significantly over time due to various factors like customer demands and regulations. It outlines how modern vehicles contain many ECUs and large amounts of wiring and software. The effects of increased electronics and connectivity in vehicles are also examined in terms of safety, efficiency, services and more.

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Joan Rubio
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37 views27 pages

T1 Intro TICA

The document discusses how the number of electronic control units (ECUs) in vehicles has increased significantly over time due to various factors like customer demands and regulations. It outlines how modern vehicles contain many ECUs and large amounts of wiring and software. The effects of increased electronics and connectivity in vehicles are also examined in terms of safety, efficiency, services and more.

Uploaded by

Joan Rubio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ilker Demirkol

[email protected]
3 Classes of ECUs (up to 40 ECUs):

PSM Passenger seat module

(Ref: “Automotive communications-past, current and future”, 2005) 4


© eenewsautomotive
 In the past: VW Beetle (1950)
 ? Electronic Control Units (ECUs)
 ? m copper wires

 Modern! car: VW Phaeton (2004)


 45 networked ECUs
▪ 61 ECUs total
 3860 m copper wires
▪ 2110 cables
▪ 64 kg
 11136 electrical parts in total
 GQ: Factors?
 Oil embargo in 70s
▪ Need for less fuel consumption
 More competition across the world
 Customer demand
▪ Safety, comfort, …
 Stringent regulations:
▪ Environmental
▪ Emergency response, …
https://www.edn.com/the-price-tag-of-automotive-electronics-whats-really-at-play/
7
 In the past, when you bought a TV, they gave you a ham
 Now, vice versa!
▪ Low profit margin

 In the past, more horsepower was important


 Now, more tech.
▪ DaimlerChrysler estimates that 90% of the innovations in the automotive area
lie in electronics and software

8
 100 M Line Of Code (MLOC) in Mercedes Car
 vs. 14 MLOC in Boeing, 24 MLOC in F35 fighter*
 GQ1: Why?
 GQ2: What are the effects of this intense “softwarization”?

 50-150 engine control unit (ECU) in modern cars


 Some of them are programmable
 => Cars are “computers on wheels”
▪ Actually a “network of computers on wheel”
*https://www.visualcapitalist.com/millions-lines-of-code/ 9
 Intra-vehicle
 Wired
▪ Buses: CAN, etc.
 Wireless
▪ Tire pressure

 Vehicle<->User
 Mobile phone
▪ Wired: USB
▪ Wireless: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, …
 Car keys
▪ Wireless: Remote key, Keyless entry, Immobilizer © Teledyne LeCroy
 Vehicle <-> Vehicle
 V2X

11
 Vehicle <-> Infrastructure
(Global connectivity)
 GPS
 eCall
 Electronic toll collection
 Mobile Internet
…
 Safety:
 Mitigation of accident severity (passive safety)
 Prevention of accidents (active safety)
 Avoidance of hazardous situations (preventive safety)

 Efficiency:
 Reduction of travel times, fuel consumption, CO2 emission

 Infotainment/Services:
 New experiences and services

 Comfort:
 Driver/passenger comfort

 Monetary:
 Cost reduction (e.g. less sensors, less road infrastructure maintenance)
 The number of road traffic deaths continues to
climb, reaching 1.35M in 2016*
 The leading cause of death for children and young adults *WHO, “Global Status Report on Road Safety”, 2018
aged 5–29 years

 In US, there were 6.1M crashes in 2014


 The number of fatalities from vehicle crashes is falling
but still accounted for 32,675 deaths

 Safety applications have the potential to reduce or


eliminate crashes, but:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxZxjgKcsPE

16
 25100 fatalities in 2017
 Costs of road crashes:
 0.4 - 4.1% of GDP per country
 €270 billion in total

 EU target:
 Reduce the number of road deaths by 50% between 2020 and 2030
 Halve the number of serious injuries in the same period
 Distribution of locally detected danger warnings (black ice,
aquaplaning, obstacles, etc.) to vehicles and RSU in the vicinity

 Vehicles as moving sensor platforms

 Enlargement of sensing range:


 Short range: Ultrasound
 Medium range: Radar, Lidar, Camera
 Long range: V2V communications
Source: Schulman, Active Safety Features and Active Safety Human Factors Issues, 2007
 Systems to support the driver to increase safety, efficiency
and comfort
 Thanks to sensors and actuators

 Q: Examples?
 Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC)
 Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
 Lane Departure Warning (LDW)
 …
 Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) [VideoLink]
 Electronic Stability Control (ESC) [VideoLink]
 Cars are responsible for around 12% of total EU emissions of
CO2, the main greenhouse gas

 ICT can improve this by enabling:


 increased efficiency of personal vehicles
 increased use of efficient routes
 increased use of public transport

23
 According to the Texas Transportation Institute, due to
congestion in 2017, U.S. highway users wasted:
 8.8 billion hours stuck in traffic
 3.3 billion gallons of fuel
 For a cost of $179 billion

 ICT will enable users and operators reduce travel delay

24
Regional detour

Local optimization

Optimization of global journey times,


fuel consumption and pollution by
V2X communications
Traffic
Management
Center

Global reroute
 Adaptive traffic light systems based on V2I

 Impact through:
 Improved efficiency: Traffic light switching according to actual
traffic volume and intended movement direction
 Increased comfort: less decelerations
 Reduced costs: Average lifetime of a induction loop is 3 years!

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