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Experiment No. 03: (P Controller)

The document discusses proportional control in PID controllers. It describes the proportional controller and its features. It then details a simulation done in Scilab to study the behavior of a proportional controller controlling a third order process under varying proportional gain values and setpoints. The results of the simulation are presented and analyzed.

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KADUSKAR PALASH
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37 views

Experiment No. 03: (P Controller)

The document discusses proportional control in PID controllers. It describes the proportional controller and its features. It then details a simulation done in Scilab to study the behavior of a proportional controller controlling a third order process under varying proportional gain values and setpoints. The results of the simulation are presented and analyzed.

Uploaded by

KADUSKAR PALASH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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P Control in PID

EXPERIMENT NO. 03
(P Controller)

Student Name: Date:


Division: CH-
Batch:
Roll No.

Scilab – Study of P controller in PID

Objective
 To carry out a dynamic simulation system controlled with a P controller on Scilab

 To carry out a simulation of a Proportional Control and to analyze the effect of


Proportional controller system behavior on the control system performance.

Software Package
Scilab 6.1

Theory

Contents
1. The Proportional Controller
2. Features of Proportional Control
3. Interpretation of Proportional Band
4. Proportional Control on Honeywell UDC1000 Proportional Controller

1. The Proportional Controller


The ‘Proportional Controller’ produces output proportional
to the error P = Kc. e + Ps , e = SP - PV

Where P: Controller Output, %


Kc: Controller Gain or Proportional Constant,
% / % e : Error,
% SP: Set point, %
PV: Process Variable (the variable to be controlled at SP)
,%
P Control in PID

2. Fefeatures of Proportional Control

a. ‘Proportional Mode’ is the core action:


The ‘Proportional Mode’ is the basic control action, where the straightforward

logic of ‘take mild action for small error and drastic action for drastic error’ is
implemented. This is the core concept behind feedback control and a PID
controller is rarely used in process control without this mode.
b. Offset:
The main drawback of Proportional Control is that it gives ‘offset’ or ‘steady-
state error’. At steady state, the process variable does not reach a set point
(except in a specific circumstance)

Description of Simulated Control System

1. Creation of Scilab model

The simulated control system consists of a ‘third order’ process controlled using a PID
controller.

Model Elements

a. Transfer Function: A third order transfer function is to be used.


b. Sum: This block is used as comparator with two inputs & one output. The
inputs are Setpoint from the ‘constant’ block & controlled variable, which
is the output of the process.
c. PID: This is the PID controller block, with P,I & D representing
coefficients of the Proportional, Integral & Derivative parts of
the controller respectively
d. Constant: This block provides the setpoint to the control system
e. Scope: This block plots required variables as a function of time
f. Mux: This block is used to send more than one variable to the
Scope block for plotting.

2. Simulation Parameters

a. Process Model – G(s) = 6/[s3 + 6s2 + 11s + 6]


b. Input constant – 1
c. Summation Parameters – [+1;-1]
d. PID Parameters – P = 1-30, I = 0, D = 0
P Control in PID

Block diagram of the simulated control system

Results
Kc Value Graph
5.5

Comments System tending towards stability


P Control in PID

6.5

Comments On decreasing the value of K from 7.2, we observe that the oscillations are
decreasing, indicating that the system is starting to achieve stability
P Control in PID

7.2

Comments Oscillations are continuous with decay ratio 1

11

Comments At this value, the oscillations start to increase, indicating that the system starts to become
unstable.

14.5

Comments On further increase of K value, the system becomes highly unstable


P Control in PID

3.75

Comments At this value of K, the system achieves stability

Systems for different set points at Kc = 7.2


Set Pt. Graph
1

2
P Control in PID

Results
Parameters obtained at K = 7.2

 Set point = 1
 Offset = 0.886
 Period of oscillation = 1.95 s
 Overshoot = 0.886
 Decay Ratio = 1
 Rise time = 0.547 s
 Natural Frequency = 0.512 Hz
P Control in PID

Set Point Offset Overshoot Decay Ratio Rise Time


1 0.886 0.701 1 0.547
2 1.773 0.887 1 0.573
3 2.66 0.887 1 0.599
4 3.539 0.885 1 0.597

Conclusion

Overshoot Rise Time Offset


Kc increases Increases Decreases Increases
Set pt. increases Negligible Increases Increases
(keeping Kc constant) deviation

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