CEP REPORT

Name: Ismail Jawed

Semester: V-B1
Registration no: 387915
Subject: Instrumentation
&Measurement
Submitted to: Sir Abdul Samiah

Table of Contents
Abstract:.................................................................................................................................................1
 Introduction:...........................................................................................................................................1
Analog Sensor:.......................................................................................................................................1
Components:..........................................................................................................................................2
Wheatstone Bridge:................................................................................................................................2
Instrumentation Amplifier:....................................................................................................................2
Weight Machine with Analog Sensor:...................................................................................................3
Calculations:..........................................................................................................................................3
Sensor with Bridge Circuit:...................................................................................................................4
Schematic Diagram:...............................................................................................................................5
Project Visualization:.............................................................................................................................5
Results:...................................................................................................................................................6
Conclusion:............................................................................................................................................6

Project Report: Weight Machine using Strain Gauge

Abstract:
This project presents an in-depth exploration of an analog sensor system employing a bridge circuit and
amplifier. The assessment focuses on key parameters influencing sensor performance, including accuracy,
precision, resolution, sensitivity, range, and limit of detection.

Introduction:
The project delves into the intricate relationship between strain gauges, Wheatstone bridges, and
instrumentation amplifiers. It elucidates the technological aspects ensuring the precision of weight
readings in every instance.

Analog Sensor:
A strain gauge, a transducer measuring mechanical deformation through changes in electrical resistance,
forms the core of this project. Its versatile application spans stress analysis, load monitoring, and various
engineering domains, both domestic and industrial.

Components:
The project integrates the following components for its implementation:

 LM358N IC
 Load Cell
 Resistors
 PCB
 Acrylic Sheet

Wheatstone Bridge:
The project utilizes the following bridge configuration:
Instrumentation Amplifier:
Using a sensor with an instrumentation amplifier post-Wheatstone bridge ensures precise, amplified
measurements—ideal for applications like weight sensing and strain gauge systems, delivering accuracy
in diverse engineering scenarios.

Weight Machine with Analog Sensor:

Strain gauges find diverse applications, with one prominent example being load cells for weight
measurement. The project leverages this technology in designing a weight machine with the aid of an
instrumentation amplifier, strain gauges, and microprocessors for precise value detection.

Calculations:
Gain:
 gain= 1+
[ Rf 1+ Rf 2
Rg ][ ] [
R2
R1
= 1+
27 k +27 k
68 ][ ]39 k
39 k
=795.117

Accuracy:

accuracy=100−
[ true val−measured val
true val
∗100 =100−
] [
1kg−0.9 kg
1 kg
∗100 =90.0 %
]
Precision:
423 g+ 430 g+435 g+ 440 g +442 g
Mean=( )=434 g
5

2
Squared Difference ¿ Mean=( 423−434) =121
2
Squared Difference ¿ Mean=(430−434) =16
2
Squared Difference ¿ Mean=(435−434) =1
2
Squared Difference ¿ Mean=(440−434) =36
2
Squared Difference ¿ Mean=( 442−434 ) =64

121 g+ 16 g+ 1 g+36 g+64 g 238

Variance=( )= g
5 5

Precision=
√ 238
5
g=6.90 g

Range:
Range=max val−min val=5 kg−0 kg=5 kg
Sensitivity:
Change∈ output 1.59
sensitivity= = =795 mV /V
Change∈input 2
Resolution:
maximum val 5000 g
resolution= = 24 =0.00029 g /bit
no of bits 2

Sensor with Bridge Circuit:

Without Wheatstone Bridge (Single Strain Gauge):

With Wheatstone Bridge (Load Cell):

After Amplification:

Schematic Diagram:
Project Visualization:

Results:
As the load on the cell increases, the resistance of strain gauges varies, leading to a proportional rise in
voltage. The amplified output signal proved to be significantly more dependable. Results can be
conveniently displayed on a screen by interfacing the sensor values with a microprocessor.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this project successfully designed a robust weight measuring mechanism, marking another
milestone in enhancing engineering skills.