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Fingerprint Pattern

The document discusses the basic types of fingerprint patterns including loop patterns, whorl patterns, and arch patterns. It provides details on the elements and characteristics of each pattern type.

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Eva Marie Masacayan
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
74 views

Fingerprint Pattern

The document discusses the basic types of fingerprint patterns including loop patterns, whorl patterns, and arch patterns. It provides details on the elements and characteristics of each pattern type.

Uploaded by

Eva Marie Masacayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic types of fingerprint pattern.

Fingerprints maybe resolved into three general groups of fingerprint patterns, each
group bearing the same general characteristics or family resemblance. The pattern maybe
divided into sub groups by means of smaller differences existing between the patterns in the
same general group

• Loop- a pattern in which one or more of the ridges start at one side of the pattern and
run toward the upper corner on the opposite side, and then turn around (recurve) and
start back toward the side from which they come originally, forming a loop with a core
in the center and a delta at the edge of the pattern area

• Radial Loop- a loop pattern in which the ridges run or open up toward the direction of
the thumb. The direction of flow applies to the finger on the hand, not as they appear
on the fingerprint card

• Ulnar Loop- a loop pattern in which the ridges run or open up toward the direction of
the little finger. The direction of flow applies to the finger on the hand, not as they
appear on the fingerprint card.
• NOTE:

• When a loop enters and exits from the thumb side of the hand, the pattern will always
be a radial loop.

• When a loop enters and exits from the pinky finger, the pattern will always be an Ulnar
Loop.

• There are no exceptions to this rule.

• Requisites of a Loop

1. It must have a delta.

2. It must have a core.

3. It must have a recurving ridge that will pass between delta and core.

4. It must a ridge count at least one.


• Ridge Counting

• It is the process of counting all the ridge that will pass on the imaginary line that will be
drawn from delta to core.

• Ridge counting is easy, you will just draw an imaginary straight line from the delta to the
core, and count all the ridges that will be passes by the imaginary line. Delta and core
are not included in the counting.

• WHORL PATTERNS

• Whorl is a type of spiral or circular pattern.

1. Plain Whorl

The plain whorl has two deltas and at least one ridge making a complete circuit, which
may be spiral, oval, circular, or any variant of a circle. An imaginary line drawn between
the two deltas must touch or cross at least one of the any variant of circle within the
inner pattern area.

Elements of Plain Whorl

1. It must have a two deltas

2. At least one ridge making a complete circuit, which may be spiral, oval, circular, or
any variant of a circle.

3. An imaginary line drawn between the two deltas must touch or cross at least one of
the variant of circle within the inner pattern area.

2. Central Pocket Loop Whorl

The central pocket loop type of whorl has two deltas and at least one ridge making a
complete circuit, which may be spiral, oval, circular, or any variant of a circle. An
imaginary line drawn between the two deltas must not touch or cross any of the variant
of circle within the inner pattern area.

Elements of Central Pocket Loop Whorl

1. It must have a two deltas

2. At least one ridge making a complete circuit, which may be spiral, oval, circular, or
any variant of a circle.
3. An imaginary line drawn between the two deltas must not touch or cross any of the
variant of circle within the inner pattern area.

3. Double Loop Whorl

The double loop consists of two separate loop formations, with two separate and
distinct sets of shoulders, and two deltas.

Elements of Double Loop Whorl

1. It must have a two deltas.

2. It must consists of two separate loop formations,

3. It must have two separate and distinct sets of shoulders,

4. Accidental Whorl

The accidental whorl is a pattern consisting of a combination of two different types of


pattern, with the exception of the plain arch, with two or more deltas; or a pattern
which possesses some of the requirements for two or more different types; It may be a
combination of loop and tented arch, loop and whorl except plain arch.

Elements of Accidental Whorl

1. It must have a two delta or more deltas.

2. A pattern which possesses some of the requirements for two or more different types;
It may be a combination of loop and tented arch, loop and whorl except plain arch.

Ridge Tracing - It is the process to tracing the ridge from the left delta to the right delta
and to see how many intervening ridges are there in the right delta and to identify its
representation.

Rules in Ridge Tracing

1. If the ridge being trace from left delta to the right delta and there are three or more
intervening ridges inside or above the right delta, the trace will be INNER and it will
represented by CAPITAL LETTER “I”.

2. If the ridge being trace from left delta to the right delta and there are othree or more
intervening ridges outside or below the right delta, the trace will be OUTER and it will
represented by CAPITAL LETTER “O”.
3. If the ridge being trace from left delta to the right delta and there are two or less
intervening ridges whether inside or above or outside or below the right delta, the trace
will be MEETING and it will represented by CAPITAL LETTER “M”.

• ARCH TYPE

• Arch is the simplest type of pattern.

• 2. Tented Arch

• There are three types of tented arches:

• 2.1. Angle Type

• 1.The type in which ridges at the center form a definite angle; i.e., 90° or less.

• 2.2. Upthrust Type

• The type in which one or more ridges at the center form an upthrust. An upthrust is an ending
ridge of any length rising at a sufficient degree from the horizontal plane; i.e., 45° or more.

• 2.3 Looping Type

• The type approaching the loop type, possessing two of the basic or essential characteristics of
the loop, but lacking the third.

Plain whorl- 71%

Accidental- 3%

Double loop- 13%

Central- 30%
Focal length

-it measures the distance between the optical lens and the camera sensor.

-the smaller the focal length the wider of area coverage ang nakukuhanan.

Normal lens also known as standard lens.

Telephoto lens is used for stakeout or survey lens.

Diaphragm is used to control the zoom in and zoom out.

L-S-S larger aperture=smaller F no=shallow/narrow depth of field.

S-L-D smaller aperture=larger F no= deep/large depth of field.

Circle of confusion also known as:

-disk of confusion
-circle of instinctiveness.
-blur circle.
-blur spot.

Circle of confusion- optical spot cause by a core of light rays from a lens not coming to a perfect focus
when imaging a point source.

Orthochromatic film- this film is only sensitive to [blue and to a lesser extent green] light are not
sensitive to red light.

Developing agent

-chlorophydroquinone

-ferrous oxalate

-hydroxylamine

-ferrous lactate

-acetalinid

-anidol

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