MARCELO, BERNADETTE A.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
BSA-1107 FIRST The surroundings of an individual compose the environmental factors
SEM of personality. This includes the neighborhood a person lives in, his
school, college, university and workplace. Moreover, it also counts
UNDERSTANDING THE SELF
the social circle the individual has. Friends, parents, colleagues, co-
INTRODUCTION TO SELF-UNDERSTANDING workers and bosses, everybody plays a role as the determinants of
personality.
Understanding oneself is essential to understand behaviors and
beliefs that affects ourselves and others specifically in becoming BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
effective and successful person in life, work, and relationship.
Hereditary factors or genetic make-up of the person that inherited
Self-understanding; from their parents. This describes the tendency of the person to
appear and behave the way their parents are; physical features
1. Provides sense of purpose include the overall physical structure of a person: height, weight,
2. Leads to healthier relationships color, sex, beauty and body language, etc. brain. The preliminary
3. Helps harness your natural strength results from the electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB) research
4. Promotes confidence gives indication that better understanding of human personality and
Personality behavior might come from the study of the brain.

 The etymological derivative of personality comes from the SITUATIONAL FACTORS OF PERSONALITY
word “persona”, the theatrical masks worn by Romans in Although these factors do not literally create and shape up an
Greek and Latin drama. Personality also comes from the two individual’s personality, situational factors do alter a person’s
Latin words “per” and “sonare”, which literally means “to behavior and response from time to time. The situational factors can
sound through”. be commonly observed when a person behaves contrastingly and
 it is a relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics exhibits different traits and characteristics.
that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s
behavior CULTURAL FACTORS
 Personality plays a key role in affecting how people shape Culture is traditionally considered as the major determinants of an
their lives. individual’s personality. The culture within a person is brought up, is
 Personality is the overall pattern or integration of a person’s very important determinant of behavior of a person. Culture is
structure, modes of behavior, attitudes, aptitudes, interests, complex of these beliefs, values, and techniques for dealing with the
intellectual abilities, and many other distinguishable environment which are shared among contemporaries and
personality traits. transmitted by one generation to the next.
DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY
 ACHIEVEMENT STRIVING-
nbPERSONALITY TRAITS ORDERLINESS-
Personality traits reflect people’s characteristic patterns of thoughts, EXTRAVERSION
feelings, and behaviors. Personality traits imply consistency and
The tendency to be talkative, sociable, and to enjoy others; the
stability—someone who scores high on a specific trait like
tendency to have a dominant style.
Extraversion is expected to be sociable in different situations and
over time. Thus, trait psychology rests on the idea that people differ
from one another in terms of where they stand on a set of basic trait
dimensions that persist over time and across situations.
The most widely used system of traits is called the Five-Factor
Model. This system includes five broad traits that can be
remembered with the acronym OCEAN: Openness,
Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
One major debate in the field concerns the relative power of people’s
traits versus the situations in which they find themselves as
predictors of their behavior.
OPENNESS
The tendency to appreciate new art, ideas, values, feelings, and
behaviors.
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CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
The tendency to be careful, on-time for appointments, to follow rules,
and to be hard working.
Sub traits; SELF EFFICACY-
AGREEABLENESS
CAUTIOUSNESS-
The tendency to agree and go along with others rather than to assert
DUTIFULNESS- one owns opinions and choices.
SELF- DISCIPLINE-
 According to the book Essential Social Psychology by Richard Crisp
and Rhiannon Turner:
 The individual self consists of attributes and personality traits
that
differentiate us from other individuals. Examples include introversion
or extroversion.
 The relational self is defined by our relationships with
significant others. Examples include siblings, friends, and
spouses.
 The collective self reflects our membership in social groups.
Examples include British, Republican, African-American, or gay.
NEUROTICISM
The tendency to be frequently experience negative emotions such as
anger, worry, and sadness, as well as being interpersonally
sensitive.

Understanding of who you are as a person is called