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International Education

Sambridge International AS & A Level

CANDIDATE
NAME

CENTRE
NUMBER CANDIDATE
NUMBER
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2 AS Level Structured 9701/22
Questions
MaylJune 2022
You must answer on the 1 hour 15 minutes
question paper.
No additional materials are needed.
INSTRUCTIONS
Answer all questions.
Use a black or dark blue
Write your name, centre pen. You may use an HB pencil for any
Write your answer to eachnumber and candidate number in the boxes
diagrams or graphs.
Do not use an
erasable question
pen or
in the space
provided.
at the top of the
page.
Do not write on any bar correction fluid.
You may use a codes.
calculator.
You should show all your working and use
appropriate units.
INFORMATION
The total mark for
this
The number of paper is 60.
marks for
The Periodic Table is each question or part
Important values, constants question is shown in brackets
printed in the question paper. 1
and
standards are printed in the
question paper.

This document has 16

IB22 06 9701 pages. Any blank pages are
UCLES 202222/5RP indicated.
1 (a)) Magnesium has a melting point of 650°C and high electrical conductivity.

Explain these properties of magnesium by referring to its structure and bonding.

High. melting. point.. many strong. metallic. bon.ds. Good .conductor..
movement.of. delocalised. electrons.through. the lattice.. (2

(b) Whenmagnesium is heated in air,

amounts of magnesium nitride, Mg,N,,magnesium oxide, Mg0,
are also made.
is the major product. Smalle
(0 Calculate the oxidation number for magnesium and for
complete Table 1.1. the nitrogen species in Mg,N,

Table 1.1
species
magnesium in Mg,N, nitrogen in Mg,N,
oxidation number 2
3

(ül) ldentify the type of

Explain your answer.reaction which takes place between
magnesium and nitrogen.
Redox. The.oxidation. number of
decreases. magnesium. increases and nitroger
 (U) Define enthalpy change of formation.
Ihe.enthalpy.change. which.occurs.when..t. mol.of.compOuInd.is.made.
from.its.elements.in. their.standard.states.. (2

(lv) When 3.645g of Mg(s) burns in excess N(g) to form Mg,N,(s), 23.05 kJ of energy is
released.

Calculate the enthalpy change of formation, AH, of Mg,N, Show your working.
3Mg Na MgsNa
O.15 + 3 = O.05
amount /mol 3.645 + 24.3 = 0.15

39 released = 23.05 +O.05 461

.d64.kmol (3
AH, (Mg,N,) =.
 solid at room
2 Radium, Ra, is an element found in Group 2 of the Periodic Table. It is a crystaline
temperature and conducts electricity.
is soluble in water.
Radium chloride, RaCl,, has a melting point of 900°C and
RaCI,(s) based on the properties described.
(a) Predict the lattice structure of
(1)
giant.ienic.
electrons in RaCl,
dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of outer
(b) Draw a
(c) Solid Ra and Ca show similar reactions with H,0, but the reactions occur at diferent rates,.
Separate samples, each containing a single piece of solid Ra or Ca, are added to equal
volumes of cold water.

Each sarmple contains equal numbers of moles of solid and the H,O is in excess.
(0) Construct an equation for the reaction of Ra with H,0.
Ra +2Ha0’ Ra(OH), +Ha

() ldentify which element, Ra or Ca, reacts with H,0 at a

observations of each reaction would differ. faster rate. Suggest how the
Radium. Solid radium disappears more
*********..
***.*****.
*******. quickly than calcium.
 (W) Suggest why these reactions occur at difierent rates.
The. reaction. with Ra. has.a lower.activation.enray.so.there.is.A.
greater.frequency.of.effective.collisions.between water. molecules. and.
radium.atoms.

when the reaction has finished.

(lv) One of the solutions is cloudy
end of each reaction, universal indicator is added to each reaction mixture.
At the
both reactions. Explain your answer.
Suggest pH values of the solutions made in
Ra(OH).. pH.14.Ca(OHa..pH.12.
higher.concentration. of hydroxide..
The. solution made.rom Ra has.a.
[21
ions.4s.RA(OHa.s. more soluble.
 (d) Asample of aqueous calcium halide, CaX,(aq), contains either chloride, bromide or iodide
ions.

Complete Table 2.1 to describe a two-step process that could be used to identify the halide ion
present.

Table 2.1

step method
observation observation observation
with CaCL, with CaBr, with Cal,
add AgNO,(aq) white Cream
pale yellow
step 1 precipitate precipitate precipitate
followed by all the SOme no precipitate
step 2 NH, (ag) precipitate
dissolves
precipitate
dissolves dissolves
31

[Total: 11]
 (a) 0.025mol of HI(g) is added to a closed vessel and left to reach dynamic equilibrium. The total
pressure of the vessel is 100kPa.
equation 1 2HI(g) H,(g) + L,(g)
() Explain what is meant by dynamic equilibrium.
When the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the

backward reaction in a.closed system. and the.concentration. af.

reactants.and products. remains.constant..

to the
(U) Describe one difference in the initial appearance of the reaction mixture compared
mixture at equilibrium.
Initially it is colourless. At eguilibrium it is purple.
****u*nv****
[1

descibed in equation 1.
i) Wrte an expression for K, for the reaction

K=
(pHY?
 (lv) Atequilibrium the partial pressure of HI(g) is 86.4 KPa.
Calculate the amount of HI(g) present in the mixture at
equilibrium. Show your working.
2HI
itial mol Ha
O.025O
-ol at equilibria
O.025-2x
otal number mol at equilibrium =
X
X
O.025 - 2X + X+
artial pressure of HIat equilibrium is O.025 - 2x X= 0.025

86.4 = o.025-
O.025
2X 10o

O.025 - 2X = O.0216
amount of HI(g) =.....0216..mol [21

(b) Use equation 1 and the bond energy values in Table 3.1 to
AH, for the calculate the change in enthalpy,
thermal decomposition of 1 mole of HI(g). Show your working.
Table 3.1

bond bond energy/ kJ mol

HH 436
I-I 151
H-I 299

HI ’2H, + al,
AH = 299- (a x 436 + hx 151)

AH =.....S.SO....k.Jmo-1 [21
(c) Describe the effect of increasing pressure on the value of K, for the decomposition of HI(g).
No.change. [1]

(d) HCl(g) is prepared by adding NaCl(s) to concentrated H,SO..

HI(g) is not prepared by adding NaI(s) to concentrated H,SO, because the HI(g) produced
also reacts with concentrated H,SO,
(0) ldentify the type of reaction that occurs when NaI(s) reacts with concentrated H,SO, to
form HI(g).

acid.kaS.......
(W) Write an equation for the reaction of HI(g) and concentrated H,SO,.
8HI+.HaSO..4l,.+HaS..4H.0. [1)

(1) Explain why HI(g) reacts with concentrated H,SO, whereas HCl does not.
.HL0S.A.stronger.reducing.49ent.t. reduces.the. sulfur.in.HaSQa....1)
[Total: 12]
4 (a) Bromine reacts with butane in the presence of ultraviolet light to form bromobutane.

Two structural isomers with the molecular formula C,H,Br are produced during this reaction.
() Draw the two structural isomers and state the systematic name of each isomer.

structural isomer 1 structural isomer 2

H H H H H Br H

H-C-C-C-C-Br H-C--C-C-C-H

name ..bromobutane name.2.bromobutane

(UI) ldentify the type of structural isomerism shown in (a)().

Positiona [1]

(b) Halothane is an anaesthetic.

halothane

Fig. 4.1

() ldentify the chiral centre in halothane and mark it with an asterisk (). [1)
When halothane reacts in ultraviolet light, homolytic fission occurs and the C-Br bond is
broken.

(I1) Construct an equation to show the homolytic fission of halothane, CF,CHBrCL

CFsCBrCIH .’.CF,CHCI+ Br
.......... (1]
 (1) Complete Fig. 4.2 to show the arangement of electrons in a bromine atom using the
electrons in boxes notation.

[Ar] 11 11 1 11 11 1 10 11 1

3d 4s 4p

Fig. 4.2

(c) X is an addition polymer.

X

Flg. 4.3
() Draw the monomer of X.
H CH,CI

() Suggest one reason why the disposal of items made from X is difficult.
X isnon-biodegradable. [1]
[Total: 8]
5 Fig. 5.1 shows three reactions of 2-bromopropane, CH,CH(Br)CH
CH,CH(Br)CH,
reaction 1 reaction:
reaction 2

CH,CH(OH)CH, CH,CH(NH,)CH, H,C=CHCH,

Fig. 5.1
(a) Complete Table 5.1 for each reaction, by:
stating the reagent and conditions used
identifying the type of reaction that occurs.
Table 5.1

reaction reagent and conditions type of reaction

1 + NaOH(ag). Heat Substitution

2
+ NH, in ethanol substitution
heat under pressure
+ NaOH in ethanol. Heat. elimination

[6]
 (b) Asample of 2-iodopropane, CH,CH(I)CH,, reacts under the same conditions as reaction 1 to
produce CH,CH(OH)CH,
Explain why 2-iodopropane reacts at a faster rate than 2-bromopropane.
Because. the.C-1 bond.is.weaker. than. the.C-Br.bond.the.activation.
energy. for. the. reaction. with.2.-iodopropane is. lower..

(c) Fig. 5.2 shows how butan-1-ol can be made from 1-bromopropane in three steps.
HO.
N HO.
Br step 1 step 2 step 3

Flg. 6.2

() In step 1, 1-bromopropane reacts with CN to form butanenltrile.

Complete Fig. 5.3 to show the mechanism for step 1. Include charges, dipoles, lone pairs
of electrons and curly arrows as appropriate.

-CN

H H H

Br

Flg. 5.3
(ii) In step 2, butanenitrile is heated with HCI(aq). A hydrolysis reaction occurs.
Construct an equation for the reaction in step 2.
CHa(CH¡laCN+2HaO.+ HCI..CH(CHa)aCOzH. t NH,C!.. [1]
(iüü) Step 3 is a reduction reaction.

Construct an equation for the reduction reaction in step 3. Use [H] to represent one atom
of hydrogen from the reducing agent.
CH(CHalaCOH 4[HI. CH(CH).OH H,0 [1]

(iv) State the identity of a suitable reducing agent in step 3.

LiAIH4 [11

[Total: 13]
6 Z is a molecule which contains the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen only.
Z contains only alkene and carboxyl functional groups.
(a) Complete Table 6.1 by describing the observations that occur when two different reagents are
added to separate samples of Z(aq).
Table 6.1

reagent added observation

to Z(aq)
Br,(aq) orange Br, to colourless

Na,CO,(s) fizzes

(21

(b) Table 6.2 shows the percentage by mass of each element present in Z.
Table 6.2

element percentage by mass/%

carbon 41.38
hydrogen 3.45

oxygen 55.17

Using the data in Table 6.2, demonstrate that the empirical formula of Z is CHO.
Show your working.
C
%/A, 41.38/12 3.45/1 55.17/16
=3.448 = 345 = 3.448
+ by smallest value %/A, 1.000S
sinplest whole number ratio 1 1
so empirical formula is CHO
 (c) Fig. 6.1 shows the mass spectrum of Z.
5
100
80

relative 60
abundance
40

20
116

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 g0 100 110 120

mle

Flg. 6.1
() Deduce the molecular formula of Z. Explain your answer by referring to the molecular ion
peak in Fig. 6.1 and the empirical formula of Z.
molecular ion peak - mass of 116
empirical formula CHO - mass of 12 + 1 + 16
116 + 29=4
so molecular formula = CeHo,

() Use Fig. 6.1 to suggest the formulae of the fragments with mle peaks at 45 and at 71.
mle 45 .COOH
mle 71 GaH:.
[2
(I) Suggest the structure of Zusing relevant information from Table 6.1, (b) and (c).
OH

OH

[1
[Total: 7]