Grade 9- Health (3rd Quarter) • Primary Survey

a. Check for Consciousness

Unintentional Injury, Prevention, Safety and First
1. Ask the victim: "Hey, hey, are you okay?"
Aid
while carefully shaking the victim's shoulder.
2. When there is no response, not even
Lesson 2: Survey of the scenes and victims
mumbles or groans, the victim is unconscious
✓ How to assess emergency situation? and in need of immediate medical help.
b. Open the Airway
1. The victim's unconsciousness maybe due
to an obstruction in his/her airway. It may also
be caused by a narrowed airway making
breathing impossible.
2. Find out if there is loss of muscular control
in the throat area which allows the tongue to
slip back and block the throat.
3. Lift the chin and tilt the head of the victim (if
the victim is an adult). This way you will be
able to lift the tongue from the back of the
throat, leaving the airway clear.
c. Check for Breathing
✓ Signs and symptoms when dealing with a 1. Put your face near the victim's mouth and
patient look, listen, and feel for breathing. You should
observe for:
Signs- Discovered by applying our senses - • Chest movement, sound of breathing, or feel
SIGHT, TOUCH, HEARING & SMELL. of breath on your cheek
d. Check for Circulation
Example:
1. Locate pulse using your middle and index
• Bleeding
finger. Pulse indicates blood
• Swelling circulation, which is essential for the heart and
• Deformities brain to function.
Symptoms- Sensations that the victim FEELS or 2. Poor blood circulation may be reflected on
EXPERIENCES & may be able to describe. the pale color of the skin. This is fatal.
3. To revive circulation, perform CPR
Example: immediately.
• Nausea • Secondary Survey
• Vomiting a. History Taking
• Heat
• Impaired Sensation SAMPLE PAIN is the mnemonic in order to
perform the steps more easily.
Note: Checking for signs and symptoms before S-ymptoms (the chief complaint of the patient)
administering first aid is crucial for several A-llergy (find out if the victim is allergic to
reasons; It ensures accurate and appropriate
anything)
care, promotes safety, helps prioritize treatment,
M-edication (what are the medicines s/he is
facilitates effective communication, and aligns currently taking)
with legal and ethical responsibilities. P-revious illness (that may be related to the
✓ Two ways to conduct Physical problem)
Examination when giving first aid L-ast meal (only for those subject for
1. Primary Survey - Used when the victim is operation)
unconscious and to find out and immediately E-vents prior to what happened
treat life-threatening conditions. P-eriod of pain (How long? What started it?)
2. Secondary Survey - Used when the victim is A-rea (Where is the pain coming from?)
conscious or has revived. It aims to detect I-ntensity
everything about the patient's condition. N-ullify (What stopped it?)
b. Checking for vital signs does not let enough air to get through. in
the throat
I. Pulse Rate *Between 15-20 breaths per minute are
Steps in checking the pulse: normal for adults and older children; 40
Use your fingertips in getting the pulse. Follow breaths per minute are normal for babies.
the following procedure:
1. Place the finger tip over an artery where it IV. Skin Color
either crosses a bone or lies close to the Guidelines in checking skin color:
skin 1. Skin color reflects the circulation of blood
2. Feel the pulsations as the pressure wave and the saturation of oxygen in the blood.
of blood causes the vessel wall to expand 2. The presence of mucous around the
that is the pulse. mouth, inner eyelids, and nail beds is a
The pulse rate may be taken in different sign of poor blood circulation.
points in the body like: 3. A healthy skin is warm and pink because
1. Brachial 5. Subclavian blood flows normally in the blood vessels.
2. Carotid 6. Axillary c. Head to toe examination
3. Wrist 7. Femoral
4. Temporal 1. Head and neck
NO-NO in Getting Pulse Rate • Are there any lacerations or contusions in
• Never use your thumb; it has its own the area?
pulse. • Is there a presence of blood in the victim's
• Do not palpate both the carotid arteries at hair? If yes, immediately find out where it
the same time. is coming from.
• Do not take the pulse when the victim is in • Is there any fluid in the victim's nose, and
sitting position. Pulsations disappear as ears? If so, the victim has a skull fracture.
the victim is elevated to a sitting position. 2. Eyes
• Never put too much pressure or massage • Pay close attention to the pupils
the carotid. You may disturb the heart's Pupil Appearance Assessment
electrical conduction system. Dilated Pupil State of Shock
Very small pupils Poison or use of
Normal Pulse Rate: prohibited drugs
Different size Head injury that
Men 60-70 requires immediate
Women 70-80 attention
Children over 7 80-90 Small and bright Pupils are reactive
years old NO reaction Death
Children 1 to 7 80-120
years old 3. Chest
Infants 110-130 • Check for cuts, bruises, penetrations, and
other impairments.
II. Temperature • If the victim feels pain while you apply
Guidelines in checking temperature: pressure onto his/her chest, there could
1. It is important to monitor temperature in be a rib fracture.
the case of stroke and high fever. 4. Abdomen
2. Body temperature is measured by using a • Does the victim's abdomen hurt? Where is
thermometer within the: the pain coming from?
• Rectum (rectal) • Is his/her abdomen tender?
• Oral (mouth) • Did you feel any lumps? If yes, get
• Axillary (armpit) immediate medical assistance.
III. Respiration 5. Back
Guidelines in checking respiration: • Is there movement in the victim's lower
1. Count the number of breaths per minute. extremities?
2. A whistle sound or wheeze and difficulty in • Is there sensation in these parts? If the
breathing may mean an asthma attack. answer is yes, do not move the victim.
3. A gurgling or snoring noise and difficulty in Immobilize him/her.
breathing may mean that the tongue,
mucous or something else is stuck and
✓ Top Ten things to do in case of emergency
1. Shout for HELP!
2. Survey the scene and assess the situation.
3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the
nearest hospital or if simple cleansing and band
aid will do.
4. If you are certified in CPR and a victim needs
it, begin CPR right away.
5. Stop the bleeding, if there is any.
6. Treat any symptoms of shock.
7. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim.
8. Seek trained medical assistance.
9. Never give anything by mouth to an
unconscious victim.
10. Wait for medical professionals to arrive.

*ALWAYS LOOK FOR A MEDICAL ALERT TAG

IN EVERY VICTIM.

Thank you!
Prepared by: Mac Gabriel B. Villafranca