UNIT 4 - Naming & Formulas 4.1 Naming Binary Compounds 4.1.

b Naming Binary Molecular

(Covalent) Compounds (QUIZ 2)

QUIZ 2 - Naming Binary Molecular (Covalent) Compounds

(Nonmetal + Nonmetal)

Recall: • Binary compounds are made from ________ elements

• Covalent bonds form when elements

______________________ electrons.

• They share electrons to get a full shell of _____ electrons (or _____ for hydrogen)

which is a very _____________________ arrangement for the electrons

• Between what types of elements do covalent bonds form? _____________________________

and _____________________________

• When elements bond covalently they mostly form ________________________________

(little clusters of atoms bonded covalently)

! There are 2 names for compounds

made only of nonmetals: _______________________________ compounds

or _______________________________ compounds.

When the atoms in a

molecule are all the SAME,

we have a molecule of an

_____________________________.

When there are different

types of atoms in a molecule

we have a molecule of a

_____________________________.

In this document we will be naming COMPOUNDS.

UNIT 4 - Naming & Formulas 4.1 Naming Binary Compounds 4.1.b Naming Binary Molecular
(Covalent) Compounds (QUIZ 2)

Naming binary MOLECULAR compounds (a.k.a. COVALENT compounds) is the same as naming
binary IONIC compounds with one important difference:

Stuff that is the same

• When we name the first element in the compound, the name is the same as the element name.
(no “ide”)

ex. IONIC CaF2 = calcium fluoride (NOT calcide)

ex. IONIC CuF2 = copper (II) fluoride (NOT coppide)

ex. COVALENT CO2 = carbon dioxide (NOT carbide)

ex. COVALENT P2F6 = diphosphorus hexafluoride (NOT diphosphide)

Q1: What do you notice about the last example that is different from how we name
ionic compounds?

• When we name the second element in the compound we DO change the ending to “ide”

The second element in a covalent compound is named like an anion, but it is NOT an anion.
It has not gained electrons and does not have a negative charge.
Rather it shares electrons with its partner.

ex. IONIC K3N = potassium nitride

ex. IONIC FeO = iron (II) oxide

ex. COVALENT PCl3 = phosphorus trichloride

ex. COVALENT N2O4 = dinitrogen tetroxide

Stuff that is different

We use PREFIXES to indicate how many of each atom we have

ex. SiO2 1 silicon atom + 2 oxygen atoms = silicon dioxide

ex. CO 1 carbon atom + 1 oxygen atom = carbon monoxide

ex. ICl4 1 iodine atom + 4 chlorine atoms = iodine tetrachloride

ex. P2O5 2 phosphorus + 5 oxygen = diphosphorus pentoxide

ex. N2S 2 nitrogen + 1 sulphur = dinitrogen monosulphide

ex. P3S5 3 phosphorus + 5 sulphur = triphosphorus pentasulphide

UNIT 4 - Naming & Formulas 4.1 Naming Binary Compounds 4.1.b Naming Binary Molecular
(Covalent) Compounds (QUIZ 2)

Consider these
examples: ex. SiO2 1 silicon atom + 2 oxygen atoms = silicon dioxide

ex. CO 1 carbon atom + 1 oxygen atom = carbon monoxide

ex. ICl4 1 iodine atom + 4 chlorine atoms = iodine tetrachloride

ex. P2O5 2 phosphorus + 5 oxygen = diphosphorus pentoxide

ex. N2S 2 nitrogen + 1 sulphur = dinitrogen monosulphide

ex. P3S5 3 phosphorus + 5 sulphur = triphosphorus pentasulphide

ex. N7O6 7 nitrogen + 6 oxygen = heptanitrogen hexoxide

ex. N6O7 6 nitrogen + 7 oxygen = hexanitrogen heptoxide

ex. Cl10F 10 chlorine + 1 fluorine = decachlorine monofluoride

ex. O3P9 3 oxygen + 9 phosphorus = trioxygen nonaphosphide

Q2: What are the prefixes meaning: 1: _________________ 6: _________________

All prefixes end in a VOWEL 2: _________________ 7: _________________

3: _________________ 8: _________________

4: _________________ 9: _________________

5: _________________ 10: _________________

Q3: a) Which prefixes behaved differently when they were in front of oxygen/oxide?

b) What is the difference when these prefixes are in front of oxide?

c) The prefixes that drop a vowel before oxygen/oxide all end in the letters ______
or ______.

d) Which other prefixes could you predict would drop their final vowel before
oxygen/oxide?

Question 4: a) What prefix do you use when you have one of the second element? ________________

b) What prefix do you use when you have one of the first element? ________________

c) Are there any other prefixes that are NOT used when they are on the first element?

! The 2nd element will __________________________ have a prefix.

The 1st element will ALWAYS have a prefix UNLESS that prefix would be ___________
in which case, leave the prefix OFF.
UNIT 4 - Naming & Formulas 4.1 Naming Binary Compounds 4.1.b Naming Binary Molecular
(Covalent) Compounds (QUIZ 2)

Rules for Naming Molecular Compounds (Covalent Compounds)

1. The first element is named first, using the element’s name.

2. Second element is named second and the ending changes to "-ide"

3. Prefixes are used to denote (tell you) the number of atoms of each type

4. "Mono" is NOT used on the name the first element, but IS used on the second element.

5. Drop the o and the a before oxygen/oxide

Memorize this chart Notes:

Number of Prefix
 Mono IS used on the 2nd element but NOT the 1st.
Atoms
ex. CO = carbon monoxide
1 mono-
NO2 = nitrogen dioxide
2 di-
N2S = dinitrogen monosulphide
3 tri-
To avoid funny sounding words, drop the o and
4 tetra-
the a before oxide
5 penta- ex. CO = carbon monoxide

6 hexa- NOT carbon monooxide

7 hepta- ex. N2O5 = dinitrogen pentoxide

8 octa- NOT dinitrogen pentaoxide

9 nona-
Do NOT drop any “i"s!
10 deca- Dioxide YES! Doxide NO!

Trioxygen YES! Troxygen NO!

Memorize this chart
Do NOT drop any vowels before anything other
than oxygen/oxide:

Tetraiodide YES! Tetriodide NO!

Monoiodide YES! Moniodide NO!

Pentaiodide YES! Pentiodide NO!

UNIT 4 - Naming & Formulas 4.1 Naming Binary Compounds 4.1.b Naming Binary Molecular
(Covalent) Compounds (QUIZ 2)

Name the following covalent compounds (molecular compounds)

1. SiF4 ____________________________________________________________________

2. N2S3 ____________________________________________________________________

3. HBr ____________________________________________________________________

4. P2O5 ____________________________________________________________________

5. SiO2 ____________________________________________________________________

6. N10O4 ____________________________________________________________________

7. Br3O8 ____________________________________________________________________

8. ClO2 ____________________________________________________________________

9. NO ____________________________________________________________________

10. P2S5 ____________________________________________________________________

11. SF6 ____________________________________________________________________

12. I4O9 ____________________________________________________________________

13. N7I5 ____________________________________________________________________

14. Br2O5 ____________________________________________________________________

15. OF2 ____________________________________________________________________

16. PI5 ____________________________________________________________________

17. HI ____________________________________________________________________

18. SO3 ____________________________________________________________________

19. N2H4 ____________________________________________________________________

20. P4O10 ____________________________________________________________________

21. IF7 ____________________________________________________________________

22. SiBr4 ____________________________________________________________________

 UNIT 4 - Naming & Formulas 4.1 Naming Binary Compounds 4.1.b Naming Binary Molecular
(Covalent) Compounds (QUIZ 2)

ANSWERS: 4.1.b KEY

Recall: 2 elements
• Binary compounds are made from ________

• Covalent bonds form when elements

SHARE
______________________ electrons.

8 electrons (or _____

• They share electrons to get a full shell of _____ 2 for hydrogen)
STABLE
which is a very _____________________ arrangement for the electrons

• Between what types of elements do covalent bonds form? NONMETALS

_____________________________
NONMETALS
and _____________________________

MOLECULES
• When elements bond covalently they mostly form ________________________________
(little clusters of atoms bonded covalently)

! There are 2 names for compounds

made only of nonmetals: COVALENT
_______________________________ compounds

or MOLECULAR
_______________________________ compounds.

When the atoms in a

molecule are all the SAME,

we have a molecule of an
ELEMENT
_____________________________.

When there are different

types of atoms in a molecule

we have a molecule of a
COMPOUND
_____________________________.

In this document we will be naming COMPOUNDS.

UNIT 4 - Naming & Formulas 4.1 Naming Binary Compounds 4.1.b Naming Binary Molecular
(Covalent) Compounds (QUIZ 2)

Q1: What do you notice about the last 2 examples that is different from 4.1.b KEY
how we name ionic compounds?
We used things like “di” and “hexa” (PREFIXES)

Q2: What are the prefixes meaning: 1: mono

_________________ 6: hexa
_________________

All prefixes end in a VOWEL 2: di

_________________ 7: hepta
_________________

3: tri
_________________ 8: octa
_________________

4: tetra
_________________ 9: nona
_________________

5: penta
_________________ deca
10: _________________

Q3: a) Which prefixes behaved differently when they were in front of oxygen/oxide?
mono , penta, hexa , hepta

b) What is the difference when these prefixes are in front of oxide?

In front of oxide they lose the final vowel, o or a.

c) o or ______.
The prefixes that drop a vowel before oxygen/oxide all end in the letters ______ a

d) Which other prefixes could you PREDICT would drop their final vowel before
oxygen/oxide?
tetra , octa , nona , deca

Q4: a) mono
What prefix do you use when you have one of the second element? __________________________

b) What prefix do you use when you have one of the first element? NONE (no prefix)
__________________________

c) Are there any other prefixes that are NOT used when they are on the first element?

! ALWAYS
The 2nd element will __________________________ have a prefix.
mono
The 1st element will ALWAYS have a prefix UNLESS that prefix is ___________
in which case, leave the prefix OFF.

ANSWERS TO EXERCISES:
1. silicon tetrafluoride 9. nitrogen monoxide 16. phosphorus pentaiodide

2. dinitrogen trisulphide 10. diphosphorus pentasulphide 17. hydrogen monoiodide

3. hydrogen monobromide 11. sulphur hexafluoride 18. sulphur trioxide

4. diphosphorus pentoxide 12. tetraiodine nonoxide 19. dinitrogen tetrahydride

5. silicon dioxide 13. heptanitrogen pentaiodide 20. tetraphosphorus decoxide

6. decanitrogen tetroxide 14. dibromine pentoxide 21. iodine heptafluoride

7. tribromine octoxide 15. oxygen difluoride 22. sililcon tetrabromide

8. chlorine dioxide
Throughout the test the following symbols have the definitions specified unless otherwise noted.

L, mL = liter(s), milliliter(s) mm Hg = millimeters of mercury

g = gram(s) J, k = joule(s), kilojoule(s)
nm = nanometer(s) V = volt(s)
atm = atmosphere(s mol = mole(s)

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
E = energy
E = hν ν = frequency
c = λν λ = wavelength

Planck’s constant, h = 6.626 × 10−34 J s

Speed of light, c = 2.998 × 108 m s−1
Avogadro’s number = 6.022 × 1023 mol−1
Electron charge, e = −1.602 × 10−19 coulomb

EQUILIBRIUM
[C]c [D]d
Kc = , where a A + b B R c C + d D Equilibrium Constants
[A]a [B]b
Kc (molar concentrations)
(PC )c (PD )d
Kp = Kp (gas pressures
(PA )a (PB )b
+ -
Ka (weak acid
Ka = [H ][A ] Kb (weak base)
[HA]
Kw (water)
[OH - ][HB+ ]
Kb =
[B]
Kw = [H+][OH−] = 1.0 × 10−14 at 25°C
= Ka × K b
  

14 = pH + pOH
-
pH = pKa + log [A ]
[HA]
pKa = −logKa , pKb = −logKb

KINETICS
ln[A] t − ln[A] 0 = − kt
k = rarate constan
1 - 1 = kt t = time
[ A ]t [A ]0 t ½ = half-lif
t ½ = 0.693
k