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CID : 2402125400
Name : MRS.MAMTHA SELVI
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Age / Gender : 26 Years / Female Application To Scan the Code

Consulting Dr. :- Collected : 21-Jan-2024 / 11:20

Reg. Location : Khar West (Main Centre) Reported : 22-Jan-2024 / 13:29

TPHA (T. Pallidum Hemagglutination Assay)

PARAMETER RESULTS BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE METHOD
TPHA (T. Pallidum Negative Negative Passive
Hemagglutination Assay), Serum Hemagglutination

Intended Use: Qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of Anti T. Pallidum antibodies in human serum

Clinical Significance: Syphilis is a chronic infection that progresses through stages of infection: primary to quaternary. The typical symptoms
initially are sores known as chancres, then syphilitic rash followed by long periods of dormancy. Untreated infection may result in
cardiovascular problems and neurosyphilis. The infection is caused by the spirochaete Treponema pallidum, and is usually acquired by sexual
contact, although the disease may be transmitted by transfusion of infected blood. Intrauterine infection also occurs.

Interpretation:

‡ The T.pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA), is a treponemal test. Reactivity in the TPHA test is almost always indicative of
syphilitic infection.
‡ TPHA test should be used for routine confirmation of a positive VDRL test irrespective of its titre especially for accurate diagnosis and
confirmation of syphilis in cases having VDRL titre <1:8.

Clinical Sensitivity: 99.5%

Clinical Specificity: 100%

Limitation:

‡ False negative results: Early syphilis.

‡ False positive results: Due to autoantibodies in the serum, Lepramatous leprosy, Infectious Mononucleosis, Connective tissue
disorders.
‡ TPHA cannot distinguish between syphilis and other pathogenic treponemal infections eg: Yaws.
‡ Treponemal tests such as TPHA, having lower sensitivities in primary syphilis, remain positive (85%) for the patient·s lifetime,
regardless of treatment. Thus, A positive treponemal test does not distinguish between active infection and infection that has been
previously treated.

Reference:

‡ Pack insert.
‡ K Bineeta, G Neha, NP singh, K Vinod. Evaluation of treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay among varying titers of the venereal
disease research laboratory test year. Indian journal of Dermatology: 2018 (63); 6: 479-83.
‡ Bulletin of the world health organization, 59 (5): 647-654
*Sample processed at SUBURBAN DIAGNOSTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD SDRL, Vidyavihar Lab
*** End Of Report ***

Dr.JYOT THAKKER
M.D. (PATH), DPB
Pathologist and AVP( Medical
Services)

Page 1 of 2
 Authenticity Check

CID : 2402125400
Name : MRS.MAMTHA SELVI
Use a QR Code Scanner
Age / Gender : 26 Years / Female Application To Scan the Code

Consulting Dr. :- Collected : 21-Jan-2024 / 11:20

Reg. Location : Khar West (Main Centre) Reported : 22-Jan-2024 / 13:29

Rapid Plasma Reagin Test (VDRL)

PARAMETER RESULTS BIOLOGICAL REF RANGE METHOD
RPR (VDRL), Serum Non-Reactive Non-Reactive Flocculation
RPR (VDRL) TITRE, Serum -

Intended Use: It is screening test for syphilis, this test to determined response to treatment and to detect reinfection.

Clinical Significance: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused usually by direct but sometimes by indirect contact. The causative
organism is Treponema Pallidum. After the infection, the host develops Treponemal antibodies to Treponema Pallidum, in addition, the host
also forms Non Treponemal antilipoidal antibodies in response to the lipoidal material released from the damaged host cell.These antibodies
are traditionally referred to as ´Reagins ´The average time between acquisition of syphilis and the start of the first symptom is 21 days, but
can range from 10 to 90 days. Infection is usually rendered evident by the development of primary lesion or chancre. Skin rashes and/or
mucous membrane lesions (sores in the mouth, vagina, or anus) mark the second stage of symptoms.

Interpretaion:
Reactive: Presence of antilipoidal antibodies in test specimen
Non-Reactive: Absence of antilipoidal antibodies in test specimen

Reflex Tests: TPHA (Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination test ), Fluorescent Treponemal Absorbed Antibody test. (FTA-Abs)

Limitation:

‡ Certain non syphilitic conditions which cause tissue damage can result in false positive reactions.
‡ Common conditions like malaria, typhoid , leprosy, tuberculosis , certain viral diseases , pregnancy & some autoimmune disorder can
lead to low titre false positive reactions. Which should be confirmed with with specific tests like Treponema Pallidum
Haemagglutination test ( TPHA ).
‡ False Negative reactions can occur in stages of the disease where there is minimal tissue damage, particularly in early infection & in
latent stages.
‡ It is strongly recommended that results of the test should be correlated with clinical findings to arrive final diagnosis.

Reference: CDC guidelines & Pack insert.

*Sample processed at SUBURBAN DIAGNOSTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD SDRL, Vidyavihar Lab
*** End Of Report ***

Dr.JYOT THAKKER
M.D. (PATH), DPB
Pathologist and AVP( Medical
Services)

Page 2 of 2