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Lecture 06

This document discusses various machine elements including belts, chains, gears, cables, clutches, brakes and other components. It defines these elements and provides examples of different types. The document also includes examples of these elements being used in applications like conveyor systems, robot arms, and vehicle transmissions.

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mj
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13 views

Lecture 06

This document discusses various machine elements including belts, chains, gears, cables, clutches, brakes and other components. It defines these elements and provides examples of different types. The document also includes examples of these elements being used in applications like conveyor systems, robot arms, and vehicle transmissions.

Uploaded by

mj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 06

Machine Elements
RDA 111: Product Design and Development
Machine element refer to an elementary
component of a machine.

Machine elements are basic mechanical parts


Machine and features used as the building blocks of
Elements most machines.

Machine elements may be features of a part


(such as screw threads or integral bearings) or
they may be discrete parts such as wheels,
axles. Pulleys, rolling-elements, or gears.
Mechanical elements:

• Belt, Chain, Cable drives


Machine • Clutch
Elements • Brake
• Gear train
• Cam and follower systems
• Linkage
• Simple machine
Structural elements:

• Shafts
Machine • Couplings
Elements • Bearings
• Fasteners
• Keys, Splines and Cotter pin
• Seals
Belt:
A mechanism in which power is transmitted
by the movement of a continuous flexible
belt usual used to drive pulleys

Machine
Elements
A belt can all be defined as a loop of
flexible material used to link two or
more rotating shafts mechanically, most
often parallel. Belts may be used as a
source if motion, to transmit power
efficiently or to track relative movement
and may have a twist between the
pulleys, and shafts need not be parallel.
This is an example of a robot arm with
twists between its pulleys.
There are various types of
belts these include:
• Flat belt
• V-belt
• Round/circular belt
• Timing/lug/teethed belt

Flat belt
V-belts are typically found
on commercial pepper
grinders.
Round/circular belts used
to drive rollers of a
conveyor.
Timing/lug/teethed belt
Timing/lug/teethed belt
Chain:
A chain can be defined as a series of
links connected by pin joints. A chain
drive consists of an endless chain
Machine wrapped around two sprockets.
Elements
Chain drive:
This is a way of transmitting
mechanical power from one place to
the another. It is often used to
convey power to wheels of a vehicle,
particularly a bicycle and motorcycle.
There are various types of chains. Some
of them are:
• Welded steel chain
• Side-bow chain
• Roller Chain
• Oilfield chain
• Leaf chain
• Hollow bearing pin chain
• Extended pitch chain
• Drop forged chain
• Cranked link chain
• Conveyor chain
• Attachment chain
Chain drive
Chain drive
This is a video, click on the play
icon to watch the video
Cable:
Wire rope, mechanical cable, cable
assemblies provide flexibility, high
strength-to-weight ratio, quiet,
Machine smooth and free running,
Elements minimum maintenance, etc.
Examples of cable systems used for heavy
lifting duties and tensioning
Examples of cable systems used for heavy
lifting duties and tensioning
A vehicle with an
hydraulic system
coupled with a cable
drive for heavy lifting
capabilities.
This cable drive system has a max payload of
500kg, a good fit for moving heavy loads in
warehouses.
This robot arm actuator is dependant on a
cable drive primarily to increase its torque
with little force applied.
For research purposes, for training of space personnel.
Gear:
A gear is a rotating circular machine part
having cut teeth or, in the case of a
cogwheel or gearwheel, inserted teeth
Machine (called cogs) which mesh with another
toothed part to transmit torque.
Elements
Geared devices can change the speed,
torque and direction, creating a
mechanical advantage, through their
gear ratio, and thus may be considered
a simple machine.
Types of gears: • Rack and pinion
• Spur • Epicyclic
• Helical, Double helical • Sun and planet
• Skew/crossed • Harmonic
• Bevel, Spiral bevel • Cage
• Hypoid • Cycloidal
• Crown • Magnetic
• Worm
• Non-circular
Class work:
Draw a pulley system consisting of relevant
machine elements. (Pulley, belt, shaft with
keyway, key, bearing etc.)

Assignment:
Complete the assembly of an autonomous
lawn and create a well detailed drawing of the
assembly.

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