Matter In Our Surroundings In our surroundings, we see a large variety of objects with different shapes, sizes and testures. All objects infact everything in this universe is made up of material which have named ‘matter’. The air we breathe, the food we eat, stones, clouds, stars, plants and animals, even a small drop of water ora particle of sand— everything is matter, Matter can be seen, tasted, smelled or felt Mauer can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another, In modern day, scientists have evolved nwo types of classification of matter based on their physical and chemical propertics. In this chapter, we shall learn about matter based on its physical properties Matter Matter is anything that has mass and volume or we can say that anything that has mass, ‘occupies space and can be felt by our one of more sense organs is called matter. Note The St unit of mass is kilogram (Ag), volume is cubic metre (m?}. The common unit of ‘measuring volume is litre () and 1L= 1 dm?, 1L = 1000 mL, 1 mL= tem? Classification of Matter (® Early Indian philosophers classified matter into five basic elements, called the Panch-Tatva, ‘These are air, water, earth, sky and fire. According to them everything living or non-living, was made up of these five basic elements. Gi Now a days, matter is classified into groups according to their physical properties and chemical nature. 6g. solid, liquid and gas (based on particle arrangement or physical properties) or ents, compounds and mixtures (based on chemical nature). ieee Matter + States of Matter + Change of States of Matter + Elfect of Change of ‘Temperature + Effect of Change of Pressure + EvaporationAllénane Science Class 9th Physical Nature of Matter cal composition of matter, we found Wve study the phy that Every matter is made up of certain particles which differ in shape, size and nature fiom other type of matter (2) The particles of matter are very small or tiny (beyond ‘our imagination), Characteristics of Particles of Matter tics of particles of matter are as Some important characte fallow rs (2) Particles of matter are in a state of continuous movement, This suggests that they possess. some ‘energy called the kinetic energy. As the temperature rises the kinetic encrgy of the particles increases and hhence, particles move faster. les of matter have space between them, (i The particles of matter have a tendency to diffuse, i.e. tointermis on their own with each other. They do getting into the spaces between the particles les of two different types of so by The intermixing of part matter on their own is called diffusion. (iv) Particles of matter attract each other, A force of araraction exists becween the particles, chat is known as intermolecular force of attraction. This force keeps the particles together. The strength of this force of attraction varies from one kind of matter to another, Diffusion and Osmosis Diffusion is the process in which molecules ofa substance move from higher concentration to lower concentration and. goes on unt a uniform mixture is formed. In osmosis the Solvent molecules move from the lower concentration to higher concentration through a semipermeable membrane, States of Matter Matter around us exists in three different states which are solid, liquid and gas. These states of matter arise due to the variation in the characteristics of the particles of matter. ‘The Solid State js defined as that form of matter which possesses rigidity, incompressibiliy and hence, has a definive shape and a definite volume. nportant properties of solid state are as follows : (i) Solids have definite shape, sand fixed volumes, ic. have negligible compressibility. (ii) Solids have a tendency to maintain their shape when subjected to outside force. A rubber band, changes shape under force and regains the same shape when the force is removed. If excessive force is applied, it Inrcaks. Sugar and salt also take the shape of the container in which they are placed but are considered his is because the shape of each individual Some distinct boundar as solids. sugar or sale crystal remains fixed (iii) Solids either do not diffuse or diffuse ata very slow rate Spongo is compressible, but considored as a solid. This is because a sponge has minute holes. in which airis trapped. When tis pressed, the air is expelied out and wo are ablo to compress, (iv) Solids may break under force, but it is difficult co change their shape, so they are rigid. (o) Generally solids have higher densities as compared (0 their liquid or gaseous forms. Sugar sand, rocks, stones, metals like iron, copper, aluminium, gold, silver, etc. are the examples of substance which exist in the solid state Mass per unit volume of a substance is called its density, Mass Volume ive Densi The Liquid State Liquid is defined as chat form of matter, which possesses a fixed volume, but have no fixed shape. Some important properties of liquid state areas follows (8) Liquids do noc have a definite shape, i. they take up the shape of the container in which they are kepe. (Gi) Liquids flow and change shape, so they are not rigid, bur can be called fluid. Note Fluid in scence, ene common name of gases and liquids s rid ° gases and liquid (Gi) Solids, liquids and gases can diffuse into liquids. The gases from the atmosphere diffuse and dissolve in water, These gases, especially oxygen and carbon. dioxide, are essential for the survival of aquatic animals and plants. The aquatic animals can breathe under water due to the presence of dissolved oxygen in water. ss 5Allévone Mater in Our Surroundings (dv) Liquids are almose incompressible, (©) The attraction force between the particles of liquid is greater than that of gases, but less than that of slide (oi) The rate of diffusion of liquids is higher than that of solids This is due to the fact chat in the liquid state Particles move freely and have greater space between cach other as compared to particles in the solid state, (wii) Density of a liquid is generally less than that of ies solid form. Some exceptions are also there e, slid ice is lighter than water as it floats on water, be. the density of solid form of water (ie is less as compared to that of the liquid form of water, Water, milk, juice, oil, kerosene, petcol, alcohol, benzene etc., are the examples ofthe substance which ‘exist in the liquid state The Gaseous State Gases can be defined as that form of matter which possesses high compressibility and hence, has neither definite shape nor definite volume. Some important properties of gascous state are as follows : (9 Gases have a tendency to flow as liquids do, ‘Therefore, they are also considered as fluids (i Gases show the property of diffusing very fast into other gases due to high speed of particles and large spaces between them. Due ro the high diffusion tendency of gases, the smell of hor cooked food reaches us in seconds. The particles of he aroma of food mix with the particles of i spread, reach us and even farther away. (Gi) Gases are highly compressible. The Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinder used in our homes for cooking or the oxygen supplied to hospitals in cylinders is compressed gas. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is used as a fuel these days in vehicles. Due to its higher compressibility, large volumes of a gas can be compressed into a small cylinder and transporced easily (io) In gascous state, the particles move about randomly at high speed. Due to this random movement, gases exert pressure on the walls of che container, in whi they are kept. Air is the example of gaseous state, It is a mixture of ‘gases like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, inert gases, etc, Other examples of gases are hydrogen, ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, etc. () All ving creatures need to breathe for survival. So, solids, liquids and gases can diffuse into liquids. (i) The density of gases is minimum, A gas is much lighter than the same volume of a solid or aliquid. Fig. (al (21 and (0) show the magnified schematic pictures Of the three states of matter. The motion af the particles can be seen and compared in the three states of matter Rigidity and Fluidity Rigid means inflexible, A solid isa rigid form of matier. hence it does not require a container co keep it, Fluid is a material ‘Which can flow easily and requices a vessel to keep it. A liquid { a fuid form of matter which takes the shape of container, hile a gas isa fluid form of matter whieh fills the containet. 21 What was the basic classification of element in ancient time? Name them, 2 Flin the blanks, (As the temperature rises, particles move (With increase in temperature, the kinetic energy of the particles also i) The rate of difusion of iquidsis than thatot solids, 3 State Tive or False forthe folowing statement: CNG is compressed nitrogen gas, 4 Findthe density ofa handful of sand having a mass of 208 g and itdisplaces a volume of 80 mL of water, 5 What is tua? & Why solid ice toate on water? 7 By when physical process the Haran of burning incense stick Spreads all around? ‘Change of States of Matter In your daily life, you come across various substances which exis in three states, ic. solid, liquid and gas, eg. water, wax, ‘ec, Water is the most commonly observed example that hee, ) aswell as water vapour (g3s)- exists as ice (solid), water (liquid) Interconversion of States of Matter “The states of matte are interconvestible. The phenomenon of change of matter from one state to another and back co the original state by altering the conditions of temperature and pressure is called interconversion of states of matter. Following two factors (or any one ofthese) make it possible 0 convert one state of matter into another = (a Change in temperature (i) Change in pressure Terms Involved in Change of State Following terms are involved in change of state: 1. Fusion or Melting and Melting Point “The process of conversion of a matte from it solid state tots tat specific conditions of temperature and liquid sta ‘And the definite pressure, is called fusion/melting. temperature at which a solid stars melting is called the melting point of that solid, -g. melting 0°Cor 373.16 K. Higher the melting point of a substance, greater will be the force of attraction berween its particles int of ice 2. Boiling and Boiling Point ‘conversion of a matter from its iquid state © state) at specific conditions of temperature and presse is called boiling, Its a bulk phenomenon. And the temperature at which a liquid stars boiling at the atmospheric pressure is known as its boiling point “The process of vapours (gascous 3. Sublimation “The process of change of solid state directly inc gaseous state without passing through the liquid state upon heating is Known as sublimation, and the direct change of gas to solid without changing into liquid is called deposition eg. naphthalene, camphor, iodine, ammonium chloride, et, are the solids that undergo sublimation, 4. Vapourisation “The process of conversion ofa marter from its liquid sare to ascous state at specific conditions of remperaure and pressure is called vapourisation. Allnane Science Class 9h 5, Freezing and Freezing Point “The proces of conversion of matter from is liquid state solid. sare at specific conditions of temperacure and process of js called freezing. Ic is a reverse smperature at which a ng out heat energy at pressure, fasion/melting. And the definite liquid changes into solid state by gi 1 atm is called the freezing point. 6. Condensation “The process of conversion of matter from its gaseous sate to liquid sate a specific conditions of temperature and called condensation. It is a reverse process of pressure, vapourisation. Effect of Change of Temperature When a solid is heated, the kinetic energy of its particles increases, Due to increase in kinetic energy, the particles Siar vibrating with greater speed. The energy supplied by the heat overcomes the forces of attraction between the particles. ‘The particles leave their positions and start moving more freely. Ata certain stage (ie. at melting point), solid melts and is converted into aliquid stace. ‘At a certain temperature, a point is reached when the particles have enough energy to break free from the forees ‘Of atraction of each other. At this temperature (i. boiling joing), the liquid starts changing into gas. In concrast, by decreasing the temperature (by cooling), a gas can be ’ converted into liquid state and a liquid can be converted | ico solid state. Effect of change of temperature on the phy ised as cal stare may (Sasa S| Saas] So, it can be concluded thar the state of matter can be changed into another by changing the temperature. interconversion of the three states of matterAFnane Matter in Our Surroundings "4 boing pola below room z th ta tbc eon utaegrnmel one) le gaseous state ether on ls own Or by absorbing energy, he __ spseois sates called the vapour state, ei. vapoum of rion Scales of Measuring Temperature Three scales of (Tempe g temperature are as follows: on Kelvin seale Temperature on Celsius seale+-273,16; TW) =10C) 4273.16 Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature, 0° or convenience, we take 0°C = 273 K 273.16 K mperature on Kelvin scale ~273.16; 1(K) 27316 perature on Fah heit scale: Celsius and ‘ahrenbeit temperatures are related to each other by the feos relation, Example 1, Kelvin scat. Sol, We koww that, temper Femperatute on Ces scale +273.16 04+ 273.16 = 473.16K onverl the lemperature of 200°C to the ‘on Kelvin scale Thos, a temperatite of 200°C on Cehius seale is equal to 473,46 K on the Kelvin scale Example 2. Convert the temperature of 450 K to the Celsius scat Sol, We know tha, = Temperature on Kelvin scale ~ 273.16 = A50~ 273.16 = 176.84°C Thus, a temperature of 450 K on Kelvin scale is equal to 176.86°C on Celsius scale, Latent Heat fonts is substance, its temperature increases. supplied to change the physical stat temperature of a substa ergy wh led its Latent heat. In actual atent heat does not raise (or increase) heat is always supplied to change the temperature, But la the state of a subst Latent heat is of the following two types : Latent Heat of Fusion (Solid to Liquid Change) ‘The amount of heat energy that is required to chi get kg solid into liquid at atmospheric pressure and at its is known as the latent heat of fusion, ter at O"C (273.16 K) have more energy as ‘compared to particles in ice at the same temperature. Latent Heat of Vapourisation (liquid to Gas Change) ‘The amount of heat energy that is required to convert 1 kg (of aliquid into gas (at its boiling point) without any rise in temperature is known as the latent heat of vapourisation. Particlesin steam, i. water vapour at 373 K (100°C) have more energy than water at the same temperature. Note has been found that burns caused by the steam are ‘muuch more severe than those caused by boiling water though both of them are atthe same temperature of 100"C. As particles in steam have absorbed extra energy in the form of latent heat of vapeurisation. Thus, when steam fall on our skin and condense to produce water, It fives more heat than boing water Effect of Change of Pressure ‘The physical state of a substance can also be changed by changing the pressure. An increase in pressure brings the particles closer and increases the force of attraction between them, that brings abour the change. eg. when high pressure is applied to a gas and its temperature is reduced, the gas is converted to a liquid, i.e. the gas is, liquefied. Hence, we can say that "pressure and temperature determine the state of a substance, whether it will be solid, liquid or gas. ‘The pressure exerted by a gas is measured in atmosphere (aum) unit. The pressure of air in atmosphere is called atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure at sea level is taken as 1 atm which is also normal atmospheric pressure, ‘As we go higher, atmospheric pressure decreases. 01x 10° Pa (Pa = Pascal, SI unit of pressure) Piston Tacm Picton Piston tinder Cylinder i Cylinder 5y applying pressure, particles of matter can be brought close together| ' Sei 2 Filintho blanks {@ Highor tho matting point ofa substance, oattzacton botwoon ts patel, {i Particls trom tho bulk of tho quid gain energy to ehange into... sta, Gi Naphinatone undorgos tho proe 2 Done vapourisation, 3 Why particlos stat wbrating in sods 4 Gonot the tomporatite of 70°C to tho Kolin scat, Whats tho valve of Latont heat o fusion ol Keo? © Stato Ti oF False for tho following statomont Boling isa bulk phonon enon. 7 Howe '8 What are tho factors which avo responsibie fr binging a change in the physical stato of substance Evaporation The process of conversion of a liquidl into its vapour state at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation. The particles ofa liquid have different amount of kinetic enet the surface possess comparatively higher kin red to those present in the bulk, wll bo tho fowo 7 san bo lquely ? je energy’ as cong + kinetic energy herefore, particles at the surface with hig is able to break away from the forces of attraction of other particles and get converted into vapour, Water, when lett uncovered, slowly changes into vapour, Wet clothes dey aps tc, ae happen due to evaporation, Factors Affecting Evaporation “The rate of evaporation of a liquid depends upon the following factors: (i) Surface area Evaporation isa surface phenomenon, if eased, the rate of evaporation putting clothes for drying up, we Increases, e.g. whi spread them out. n of a liquid (i) Temperature | f evaporat increases with arise in temperature. With the inerease of temperature, mote number of particles get enough kinetic energy to go into vapour state, That is why, hot summer day than in ‘evaporation is faster inter or on a cloudy day. Allnone Sclence Class 9th Ieistheamount of water vapour present in ‘air around us cannot hold more than a amount of water vapour at a given inate, I the amowae of water in ait is already high evaporation decreases, That is clothes dry up faster ona dry day than on a wer (rah aay (ie) Wind speed tr is known tha ly day. ‘This is because with increase in w Ihe patties of water vapour move away v the wind, decreasing the amount of watce vapour in the surronndings. That is why, the rate of evaporation ‘ofa liquid increases with increasing wind speed. (ii) Humid lothes dry faster on a Mote jhe quits whieh evaporate fast ar called votatite liquids, Evaporation Causes Cooling Effect Iv an open vesel, the liquid keeps on evaporating. The es af liquid absorls energy from the surrounding (© gy: lost during evaporation. This absorption from the surroundings makey the surroundings Some daily life examples of cooling effect of evaporation are given below ( When ice cold water is kept in a glass ambler tor ie, watter droplets are observed on its outer Explanation ‘Chis occurs as the water vapours present in the air come in contact of the glass tumbler, get cooled andl condensed to form these small water droplets, ‘The formation of drops of water on the ouside surtice of a tumbler containing crushed ice, shows the presence of water vapour it ait, Gi Couon clothes are uscd to wear during summer xplanation Cowon is a good absorber of water, 80 it helps to absorly swveat from our bodys AS i due to auro cemperattre conteol mechanism, wearing of cotton clothes helps ia the ey evaporation of sweat, Whett this sweat evaporates i takes the latent heat of vapoutisation fron our bods which in-ear, cools the bods. ‘Thus, a person feels comfortable,Allfnone matter in Our Surroundings (iif) People sprinkle water on t he roof or open ground on a hot sunny day. (a) Liquids like acetone (nail-potish remover) on your palm give you feeling of cooling. Explanation Acetone and ‘When kept on palm, palm or surroundings feel cool. or alcohol placed alcohol are volatile liquids. their particles gain energy from the and evaporate causing the palm to Basic Quantities and Its Units Some measurable quantities and their units to remember: 7 ‘uanty tan Tempera — Kav “Tength mote = = Nase ogra Weight Newton Your eabie mete i Densiy —kiogram po’ eae nate Pressuro Pascal check point 03) 1. Why is evaporation called a surface phenomenon? 2 Give reason clothes dry faster when the sun shine, 3. By which physical process wet clothes dry up? 4 Name the chemical compound contains in naikpolish remover. 5 Filin the blank Slunitof weight is To Study NCERT Activities Scan the CodeNCERT FOLDER INTEXT QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following are matter? Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, col-crink, smel of perfume. Anyhing that oxcuies ace a has mass led sams ter can exist in thre pysial state-of, aa ee, Chair and amon ae std sates of ra Calica agai sure of acer. Arad ele penfome ar psc sete mate ive reasons for the fllowing observation The smell of ht sizzing food reaches you Soveral metres. away, But to get the smell of old food, you have 10 g0 close. Sot Passe of macer are continuously moving. They poner kines energy Av he temperate ics the Fc of aston incre a sh articles of be soma ‘Thot food mich he prices osirand reach os ‘Site mete say but vo get am aroma or sl of SAE oe have vo go else becuse the pos Ghat comy sell of cold food disc slower 3s Biparl wo paride tha ary snl of ho sing food 3A diver Is able to cut through water in a Swimming pool. Which propery of matter does this observation show? Sot, This abseraton shows tac the pares of mater five spc bene them 4 What are the characteristics of the particles of matter? Sot, Charseresiis of pares of mater ares follows: (9 Theyare very saline. (ip They mone ase in aseous sateascompaed ro told orfield sae (ip They ise aster a higher temperate 5 The mass per unit volume of a substance is Galled density (Density = MassiVolume) Arrange te following in the order of increasing Gens Ai, exhaust from chimneys, honey, water, chalk, cotton and ron Sol. The incessing ode of dns: [Air exhaust from chimneys < cotton < water schoney < chal < iron, 6 (9) Tobulate the itferences in the characteristics of states of matter. (i) Comment upon the following. Rigidity, compressibility, fluidity, filing @ gas container, shape, kinetic eneray and density Sol. (Refer to text on page no. 2and 3. i) Rigidiey The property due to which an object remins its shape and size is known as rigidity. Solids ae rigid while liquids and gases are nor. Compressbility The property due co which a substance reduced tots lower volume when force is applied is called compressibility. Gases are the most compressible while solids and liquids are Fluidity The property due to which a substance tends (0 flow is known as fluidity. Gases and Tiquids can flow, hence they are known as fluids, Filling a gas container Particles of a gas move freely in all the dreerions and occupy all the space iwalable eo them. Hence, g3s fills the container ‘completly ‘Shape The geometry ofan objects called its shape Solis have a definite shape while gases and liquids dono Kinetic energy The energy of panicles of matter dueto their movements called cheir kinetic energs. Gases have maximum kinetic energy among the thee states of matter. Kinetic energy increases vith the rte in temperature and vicevers. Density The mass per unit volume of a substance is called its density fore Mass m Densiy= SEE or Dat Generally, a substance has maximum densigy in its solid state as compared to liquid or gxseous state, Units of density are kg m~ or gem” 7 Give reasons. ( Agas fils completely the vessel in which itis kept (i) Agas exerts pressure on the walls ofthe container. (ii) Awooden table should be called a solid (iv) We can easily move our hands in air but to do the same through a sold block of wood, we need karate expertAli7s0Ne Matter in Our Surroundings Sol. (@ Particles of gas have least forces of attraction berween them hence, the ey move fieely in all directions and occupy all the space available ta them, Hence, a eas tas ills the vest! completely in which itis kepe. ae (id Due to high kinetic enegy posse by the gas cles, they randomly move at high soe vila thecheainse - nee (ii) Aveades boi has a definite shape and volume, ewe ge a ei apa awooden table should be called a solid. (ia) Particles of air are very far apart from each other dae gible ee gam ac ter thereisno poss of moving hand ten block of wood. . _ & Liquids generally have lower density as compared to solids. But you must have observed that ice floats on water, Find out why? Sol. The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density. As the volume of a substance increases, its density decreases ‘Though, ice isa solid, but thas acage-like structure in which some spaces are present between the particles of water (chese spaces are lefe when water solidifies). ‘These spaces are trapped by the air particles. In fact these spaces are larger as compared ro the spaces present berween the particles of water. Thus, the volume of ice is greater than that of water. Hence, the density of ice is less chan thar of water. A substance with lower density than water can floats on water. Thus, ice floats on water 9 Convert the following temperatures to Celsius the particles hit scale. ( 300k (s73k Sol. For converting Kelvin co Celsius, che formula is K=273="C, (9 300K 273 =27°C (i) 573 K-273= 300°C ‘TO What is the physical state of water at () 250°C? (i) 100°C? Sol, (@ Water vapour or steam. (4 Liquid water as well as water vapour, as steam and water co-exist at 100°C. 11 For any substance, why does the temperature Femain constant during the change of state? Sol. During the change of state, the temperature remains constant because the heat provided is udlised. for breaking the attraction forees between the particles of the substance ‘This happens at melting point (or boiling point) of the substance and the heat used is called che latent heat of fusion (or vapourisation). During condensation or solidification, the vice-versa happens. 12 Suggest a method to liquefy atmospheric gases. Sol. Applying high pressure and reducing temperacure, helps to liquefy atmospheric (or any other) gases. Because under these conditions, the particles come closer, kinericenergy decreases and the gs is liquefied 13 Why does a desert cooler cool better on a hot dry day? Sol. On a hor dey day, the temperature is high and humidity is low. The rate of evaporation increases with increase in temperature and decrease in humidity. A desert cooler functions on the principle of evaporation. The water takes heat from the hor desert cooler and evaporates, The evaporation of water cools the pads and the circulating warer. As a result, che incoming air also gets cooled down, 14 How does the water kept in an earthen pot (matka) become cool during summer? Sol, Earthen pots contain tiny pores. During summer, when water is poured into an earthen pot, some of the water seeps through pores to the outer surface. ‘The water molecules on evaporation escape from the tiny pores of the earthen pot. The heat required for evaporation is taken from the earthen pot and che water in it. This results in lowering ofthe heat concent of the remaining water and che water becomes cool. 15 Why does our palm feel cold when we put ‘some acetone or petrol or perfume on it? Sol, Acetone or pettol are volatile liquids which evaporate readily. When these liquids kept on pala their particles gain energy from the palm or surroundings and evaporate, thus causing the palm to cool,Ally;0ne Science Class 1h 0 16 Why are we able to sip hot tea or milk faster from a saucer rather 2 cup? 1. A saucer or plate has more surface area in comparison 10 Sap. Therefore, evaporation of tex occur tore in the rather an cup and rote cooling observed in = sold wear corton clothes in summer because “a 2 good absorber of water and helps in peat snd exporing it ro the atmosphere on thereby. causing cooling sensation. a7oK orc omc 2/Convert the following temperatures to the 7 Kevin scale wae wing observations: ciseppear with time without 2 siting several substances in increasing order of forces of atiraction between the particles -water, suger, oxygen. Onygenigas) < Wat solid) ter at (i100? 6 Give two reasons to justify. () Water at room temperature is a quid. (iy Aa iron almicah is solid at room temperature Sol. (i) Wate is liquid at room temperature a5 | uy ith a tendency to flow (d) ie takes the shape of the vessel in which itis filled, but its volume does not change 4 ify Am inom almirah is solid at room temperarure because 4 (a) it has definite shape and volume, a (}) nis hard and sig. 7 Why is ice at 273 K more effective in cooling than water at the same temperature? ‘When ice melts, it abvrbs the energy equal to the cece fear of fasion from the surroundings 0, it | sare Pooling more effectively than the wateratsamne | Cpersarefbecase water docs not abwob energy from the surroundings) 8 What produces more severe burns, polling water or steam? Sol. Steam causes more severe burns than boiling water The reason i tha it releases the extra amount of heat deat heat) which i has already taken during | Capouriation (when the steam was formed from wate) 9 Name AB,C.D,£ and F in the following diagram showing change in its state. aE EB TE 1 A= Melting or fasion, here the solid changes into Tiquid. ‘vaporation of vapourisation, here the liquid | change into ps | i G Condensation or liquefication, here the changes into liquid. “= DeFrecangoriluifeaion,heribeliguid | changes into solid. es £E= Sblimaton, re slid dircly changes into gas without coming in liquid sate F=Sublimation, here gas changes into solid ‘without coming in liquid state.SUMMARY ‘Matter is anything that has mass and occupies volume. Theta and slune kgm hand aie mete). ters classe into groups based on ther physical andl chemical properties, Le physical prope (soi guld an fan chemi popries (elements compoandcand msc eee Pe opens oi, utdand Erry materi mae upofcetan particles which ifr chore sie and nature, Te prices of mater havea tendeney a difuse Salis have dfinite shape, distinct boundaries an fixed volumes, igus donot have definita shape Cavs lave elt defiie shape nor volume The state of mater can be interchanged by changing temperature or pressure Atspeite conditions of temperature and presser fusion, ‘The conversion ofa matter fom it ligud stat to vapour (gaseous tat) cll boing. tis bulk phenomenon, Theconvrsion ofa matter rom i quid oseld state ected Rey ‘The conversion ofa matter rom ts guido gssou sates aed re exsaion ‘The converson of mater fom is gaseous to liquid state called condone, the conver of a matter from its solid to its liquid state i called The process of change of solid state directly into gaseous state without passing through the liquid state upon heating and vice-versa on cooling i called sublimation. ‘The heat energy which has to be supplied to change the state of substance is called latent heat. Latent heat of vapourisation is the heat enengy required to change 1kg of aliquid to gas at atmospheric pressure tits boiling point, Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to ch nge 1 kg of solid into liquid at its melting point. ‘The process of conversion ofa liquid into its vapour state at any temperature below its boiling point is called evaporation. For Revision Map o Scan the Code €Objective Type Questions y Multiple Choice Questions 1A diver is able to cut through water in a Jeimming pool. The property shown by the matter is {o) the particles are of ve {b) the matier have space bet {c) the particles are in solid state {a) the particles are running here and there, have no space between them Sol BA diver is able ¢9 cut dh water isa liquid and have space bet Iroecutes due co weak force of attraction among the rater molecules, 2 Which of the following is found in solid state at room temperature ? ry small size tween them water because the water {a) Stone (v) Sand (c) Mercury (2) Both (a) and (b) sol (@) Stone and sand ate found in solid state at room temperature because of strongactractive force among theit particles. (i.c the particles of stone and sand are haeld together with strong, attractive forces) Mercury is the only metal which is found in 1 of the following statements is not (b) Interpartiele space ximum in the gaseous state of a substance {c) Particles which eonstitute the matter follow ‘a zig-rag path. (a) Solid state is the most compact state of a substance. Sol. (@) Only in gascous state, the partcl _gezag path, 4 The states of matter depending upon the interparticle distances are shown in the following diagram. Hg 0? F at, Po? les follow a ‘The conditions a, be, dare a > © a Increase Docroace (a) Increase Decrease pressure rossi heat 1 Increase Decrease Decrenso pressure heal ——_pressuo Increase Decrease {6) Decrease Increase eat pressure heat pressure (c) Decrease Increase Decrease Decrease pressure heat pressure heat temperatuce and reducing ticle distance between the sul, () On increasing he ateer changes its state is Je increases. Hence, the m: lid to liquid and liquid to gas 10 flow is unique to fluids. the following statements is pa form s 5 The property Which one of tI correct? {ay Only gases behave like fluids {i} Gases and solids behave like ids {e} Gases and liquids behave like fluids (i) Only tiquids are uids | NCERT Exemplar ol, (e Gases and liquids behave like uids. Both gues and liquids tend to flow due to less force of attraction betSSween their particles. 6 In which conversion, do H,O molecules J (b) Ico Steam (a) Water Steam they give out {a) Tee Water {c) Steam = Ice sal. (@ HO molecules lose speed wh hhext, Steam condenses into water and water Freezes into ice. Both condensation and freezing involves lose of heat to the surroundings and hence loss ia speed of water molecules 7 The boiling points of diethyl ether, acetone and t-butyl alcohol are 35°C, 56°C and 118°C, respectively. Which one of the following correctly represents their boiling scale? NCERT Exemplar points in kel to a0, 29 th). a8 329, 392 {6} 301 K, 329K, (d) 329 K, 392 K, 308 K So. (2 The comet onder af bailing points. o enya ke M1391 K, which an be exp Tk). c diethyl seale is dasAllynane Matier in Our Surroundings iB re Boiling point of diethylether wars2182 ond 2 Deval is measured in... Boiling point of acetone= 56° C4273 « 329 K Soe hag Boiling point of n-butyl alcohol V4 In solid state, particles are packed ...... and = 118°C #273391 K are unable 10. 8 Temperature 200°C equals nearly to Sol. tightly, move, (0) 300K (0) 373 K Force of anraction heween particles is highest so they {473K (a) 73K ae packed dloncly, Sol. (€) Celsius scale (°C) and Kelvin seale are related 15 Matter is made up of small... as follows: Sol. patil. ‘Temperature on Kelvin scale ‘Atotn is che smallest particle in nature which are ‘emperature on °C + 273, indestructible, Hence, eemperature on Kelvin scale = 200 +.273= 473K True and False 9. Which condition out ofthe following will 16 Evaporation and boiling are the same increase the evaporation of water? processes because molecules move trom : liquid to gaseous state. {@) Increase in temperature of water {(b) Decrease in temperature of water Sol. False (©) Less exposed surface area of water Evaporation is surfice phenomenon and boiling is (4) Adding common salt to water bulk phenomenon. = NCERT Exemplar 17 Water at room temperature is a liquid. Sol, cet in emperat of water wl ineese Sol. Tr the evaporation of water. It is because, on ir increasing the temperature, kinetic energy of ‘Acroom temperatut, water has no shape but has fixed water molecules inereases and more parties get volumeand at room temperature wate flows easily «enough kinetic energy to gointo the vapour state, 18 Compressibility of both gas and liquid is This increases the rate of evaporation, same. 10 During summer, water kept in an Sol. False earthen pot becomes cool because of the Compressbilty of gas is more than liquid because in phenomenon of NCERT Exemplar spas sate, shee i le space between pars 3 (a) diffusion (b) transpiration compared liquid, {c) osmosis (4) evaporation 19 Conversion of gas directly into solid is called Sol. (d) During summer, water kept in an earthen pot combination. becomes cool because of the phenomenon of Sol. False evaporation. Earthen pot has a large number of tiny pores in its walle and some of the water molecules continuously keep seeping through 26 Two gases cannot diffuse into each other. these pores to outside the po. Sol. Fale Conversion of gas directly into solid is called deposition, Gaseous particles are casly diffuse into each other because of large intermoleculae space between them. Fill in the Blanks Ni The arrangement of particles is ess ordered in the ........state, However, Match the Columns there is no order in the .........state. 21 Match the following columns. Sol. liquid, gaseous. = ‘Column A Column B In liquid state, there is more force of attraction ToS patios ve he berween particles as compared to gaseous state. togelher. oe 12 Liquids and states are fluid B Liquids can be compressed (i)_Less firmly states, “C_Ingases paces are held (a) Most fmyy Sol. gaseous tegen ecause they have a tendency to flow. D. In solids, particles are held (i) Least fier Be ae iden together. aSol Axil, Bi), Calis), Dovid In solids, intermolecular force of attraction between particles are maximum. Tis force keep the patiles together. The stengeh ofthis force is Jess in liquid as compared to solid and least gaseous state Assertion Reason Direction (Q.Nos. 22-26) In eich of the following questions, a satement of Assertion is given by the Corresponding statement of Reason. Of the statement, mark the correct answer as a) I bath Assertion and Reason are true and Roun isthe enrrect explanation of Assertion, {oH bath Assertion and Reason ate true but Remon ts not the correct explanation of Assertion {cj WAssertion is true but Reason false. {ay tt Assertion i fase, but Reason is true 22 Assertion Smell of burning incense stick Spreads all around due to the diffusion of its fumes into at. Reason Increased temperature results in increased kinetic enexgy of the molecules. Sol. (2) As the temperature increases, velocity of paris increases, 20 rate of ifasion a well 38 inesic energy incteases. 23 Assertion The smell of hot cooks reaches us in seconds. Reason Rate of diffusion of solids is greater than that of gases, Sol (e) The smell of hor evoked food reaches usin seconds, This beesus, gases show the property Of diffesing into other gates very fst. Which is due to, high speed. of panicles and lange Intermolecular spaces between ther particles. food 24 Assertion Naphthalene does not leave a residue when kept open for sometime. Reason The conversion of a gas directly into solid is called conidensation. Sol. (¢) Naphthalene being a ublimate sublimes and hence, dacs aot leave residue when kept open for ‘sometime. Conversion ofa gas diver into solid (rithour coming into liquid stare) is called sublimation while condensation isthe process of conversion of gas nto its guid form 25 Assertion There is no change in the temperature of a substance when it undergoes a change of state thoug! still being heated. Reason The heat supplied is absorbed either as late heat of vaporisation. Sol. (a) Latent heat means hidden form ‘of heat and, thus it oar aule in increase of vemperture Of 2 substance. 26 Assertion During evaporation of liquids the pinperature remains unastccted. Reason Kinetic energy of the mole nnetly proportional to temperature Sok. dh During evaporation of liquide the temperature a an netic ney of the roles ules is Case Based Questions Direction (Q.Nos. 27-30) basis of your unrdernanding, of related sinied concept: ‘A stadent ofa class performed an experimentina chemistry ‘Bhoratory, He toa conical flask containing ice cubes and placed the flask on-aburner with a chermometer suspended rare Seudent recorded the following observations in his he observations arc inaver the questions on the ‘he following pasiage and Tero) | 1 the following: Based on the above observations, answe 27 State the change(s) observed between 2-4 minute Sol, Yeeween 2-4 minutes, ice converts nto water. 28 Name the process involved during the reading 2-4 minutes. Sol Ding 24 minutes the proc tke phe i ele 29 Between 30-35 minutes, the temperature remains constant, Why? Sol Berween 30-35. minute the temperature. remain Conant beease the heat supplied used up in over Coming the intermolecular fores of liquid to change 20 Define the heat involved during 30-35 min and its SI unit Wo. The heat involved during the proces of 30-35 minutes ill Ince heat errant es of ‘aporitation define asthe amount of heat oF energy refuted to change 1 of liquid ino gas atts boing point. St unit ist kg” Direction (Q.Nos. 31-34) Answer the questions on the basis of your understanding of the fallowing pasiage ar related siudied concepts: ae arene aa “The phenomenon of change of Hiquid of liquid into vapours at any teoprarre below its baling poi icled evaporation, Allli'nane Science Class 9th hu figAllone Matter in Our Surroundings The rate of evaporation increases with increase in surface area, temperature, speed of wind and decrease in humidity. Evaporation causes cooling duc to decrease in average kinetic energy of the remaining liquid after the surface molecules leave. Lower the boiling point of the Tiquid, higher is the rate of evaporation, 31. Why synthetic clothes are uncomfortable in summers? Sol, Synthetic clothes are not porous hence they do not absorb sweat from our body: As swveat from out skin docs not evaporate, the body docs not lose heat energy and hence we have an uncomfortable feeling, | 32. Why the liquids like ether and acetone are kept in cool places ? Ether and acetone have low boiling point hence the evaporate fast. IP they are not kept av lovey temperature, their rate of evaporation hecomesoee 33. The water spilled on the floor evaporates faster than the water in a glass. Explain? Sol, When the waters spilled on the floor the surface rca of water increases, hence the rate ofevaportion also 34 You want to wear a favourite shirt to party, but the problems is that itis still wet after a ‘wash. Mention three steps with reason that you would take to dry it faster. Sol, () Squeeze the shire with force. By doingso, some of the moisture get removed. Gi) Spread the shire on a stand. It provides greater surfce area for evaporation: Gi) ron the shire. Increase in temperature helps in drying the shire. Very Short Answer Type Questions 35 A substance has no mass. Can we consider itas matter? Sol. No, because matter has definite mass. 36 A given substance X has definite volume, but no definite shape and can diffuse easily. What is the physical state of a substance X? : Sol. The physical state of a substance X is liquid because liquids do not hae definite shape, but have a definite volumeand ean difse easily 87 Rubber band changes its shape. Is it solid? Sol. Rubber band changes its shape under force and regains is shape after removing the force. Thus, ic isa solid. 38 Why do liquids take up the shape of the container in which they are kept? Sok Forces of attraction are not very strong in liquids which is necessary to maintain their shape. ‘Therefore, they aequite the shape of the container in ‘which they are kept. 39 What would be the effect of (i) temperature and (ii) density of liquids on the rate of diffusion of liquids? Sol (A On increasing temperature, che rate of diffusion of liquids inereases, (i) Rate of diffusion is more for a liquid hi lower density. 49 Why do gases exert more pressure on the walls of the container than the solids? Sol In gases, the particles move randomly at high speed and they code with each her and aso with the walls ofthe containee. ‘Thus, they exert more pressure on the walls ofthe container than solids 4a Which characteristic of a gas is used in supplying oxygen cylinders to hospitals? Sol. Gases are highly compressible in nacute and can be liquefied. Due ro these propercies, gases are used in supplying oxygen eylinders to hospitals. 42 Why is boiling called a bulk phenomenon? Sol. Since, boiling starts from the bulk, ie, inside the liquid, therefore is a bulk phenomenon, 43 Why the temperature remains constant during sublimation? Sol, During the process of sublimation, heat given to the system is used up co evaporate solid into vapour at constane temperature, 44 Whatis meant by latent heat of vapourisation? Sol. tis she amount of heat requited to convert 1 kg of liquid into vapours ates boiling point. 45 Benzeneisa liquid at 80°C, liquid benzene is in equilibrium with its vapours. Itis found that particles of benzene vapours are more energetic than particles of liquid benzene, Explain the observation. Particles of benzene vapours are more energetic beeause these have absorbed ext charpy ithe form of atent heat of vapourisation Sol.Allfnone Science Class 9th Inoxbing heat fromm the ground | Sol, The water evaporates by ab fom he oun 86 Whot happens tothe melting point Tr ra oe By nig of solids with the decrease in pressure? 2 Bl tecomes cn and people fe comfortable Sot Gener, for solids fe ice. cing point 49, When a solid melts its temperature remain increases with the decease in pressure constant, so where does the heat energy go? rts, the heat energy given is ued Up Sel, When aid a called latent heat of AT Why should wet clothes are spread while When sid ayia? = Sof On spreading wet clothes, the surface area _ cexpoved to ar incresses and evaporation becomes 50. Why do we sweat more in a humid day 7 Seana dy gaat Sa team tei sod ws a led tin 4B What isthe elfect of sprinkling of water high pee oft pony Can on the roo! or open ground on a hot sunny so ore and remain scking 10 eit boy. We day? therefore sweat more on a humid day. Short Answer (SA) Type Questions id «tigi « Ad liquid gs. (i) (a) Rate of dts 1 Gi) A sponge can be compressed, yet it 18 a (3) Panicles motion. solide Explain. i) Nes eee ae 4 How do you differentiate between " solids, liquids and gases on the basis of Sol) Asponge has minute holy, in which ars tapped * ie pre isthe aur epeled wat and we ae theie melting and boiling points? thle to ‘compress it. Hence, sponge can be ines above compres inoad of being 3s ia Solid state has mimo apace berween hei So Sol. Solids have melting, and boiling room tempeeature. Liquide have melting point below room we above room temperature and boiling, po — 2 The cover plate is removed Lemperatute. the colour of the gas is the (1 cov pase 5 W) Dry tee is compressed under high pressure. What hi Ws pressure is eeleased? same in both jars. Why does ppens to it when this happen? Explain Sot Diffusion has occured in che jan. + i) Destine Bromine molecules mae rom a region where they ate of (a) Metting point (b) Fusion: higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, Sol. (0) On teleasing the pressure, dry ice sublines ic they move vn the abone gas ja Orygen malecer to vapeur te without unergoing guid Tancenao to regin oflower concentration i they Une setee an nena apse alled the meling nuinues wnt both oh move tothe below gis jar. Diffusion if 7 F lid stats micling fat jas have uniform dacribution of bromine and oxygen Incling point of that said roles. point of ke Cor 273.16 3) (i) Explain the interconversion of three states nee Pheer ares of matter in terms of force of attraction and or melting, si lebestce Kinetic energy ofthe molecules 6 What is dry cet How i it formedt uy Antange the three states of matter in the Sol. Dry ices said carbon dione which vines increasing order of rate of diffusion and color carta duxide gas without under into liquid state. Term dry is used to den Sol. (9 During the interconversion of solid int a igi and sublimation. On sublination, vapours of Igual taro gs on increasing temperarue the Kinetic ‘atbon dioxide create a foyzy dense appearance cro the moleula inceses and fore of aration denoted by term ice. Hence, solid carbon Song molecules docencs and vio-tens ddnnide is lua termed a dry ice. particle motion ieee.— {AllinORe Matter in Our Surroundings rete Dy ice is formed when y hen gascous carbon compressed and stored under high pies dlecreasing pressure to Tate gaseous form without c ide is On in changes to the uid state, 7 Draw a well-labelled diagram showing sublimation of ammonium chloride. Sob Take some ammo place the China dish on a tripod stand. Cover the ‘China dish with an inverted glass funnel — Cotton plug —~trvertod tunnel ‘Ammonium ‘Ammonia chong chotide ~ soktied vapours Aomori — chloride China dish Subimation of ammonium chorde Pua loos coon plugin the upper open end of he funnel to prevent the ammonium cMoride vapour from eapng ino the amosphere ‘The China dich is heated by using a burner. On heaing ammonium ride changes white topourn, These vapours ris up and ge converted ino said ammonium chloride on coming n contact with the Cold, inne walls of che fone 8 From the graph given below: Tie (rin) — () Which region contains only solid? (ii) Which region contains all liquids? (ii) Which region shows latent heat of vapourisation? Sol, (| ABis the region that contains only solid. (i) CDis the region that containsall liquids Gi) DE isthe egion that shows larent heat of vapourisation. 7 9 Comment on the following statements: (i) Evaporation produces cooling. ) Rate of evaporation of an aqueous solution decteases with increase In humidity (ii) Sponge though compressible is a solid. NCERT Fxemplar Sal. (i) Evaporation of liquid produces cooling because liquid takes away the heat from the sureoundings, therehy producing + cooling effect. Gi) IF humidity is high, then aie is already saturated with water tapout, i. ithasa lot of wate vapente Therefore, it will not take more water vapour ceil. Hence, rate of evaporation decreases. ii) Sponge has minute holes in which aie is trapped. ‘The material is also no so rigid. On pressing this, air is expelled out, chat is why, i can be compressed, but it is solid as it has a definite shape and volume and does not change its shape unless compressed 10 (i) How will you show that the process of evaporation depends on the nature of the liquid? il) Why a drop of dettol is evenly distributed in a bucket of water without the need of stiering? Sol. (A) Take 10 ml. of ether (a low boiling point liquid boiling point 34°C) in a test tube a 10 mL. of water (boiling poine 100°C) in another test tube. Keep both the test tubes near the window for some time. Iris observed that ether ‘evaporates in a shorter time. Thus, lower the boiling point of the liquid, higher is its rate of ‘evaporation, (i) A drop of devel is diffused in water and can be distributed throughout the water, since there is ‘enough space between the particles of water, 1 Look at the following figures and suggest in which of the vessels A,B,C or D, the rate of evaporation will be the highest? Explain. Mowing fan el lll NCERT ExemplarSo) The rate of evaporation willbe highest im vessel Cas he aarface ea exposed for evaporation is lag “Ren Bomar sir). The moving fam increases the seep ped which also increases the 1 of Tipton. Although A sind D are an ca Searerton of Cs bat A bata gater distance fom the fan and Discovered with Ti 12 How will you change water from ga Tete to liquid state? Suggest @ simple activity sor Water can be changed fom gaseous sate aa oe rang the water vapour shout #3" sae ee ned in eave of simple dilation SRetviy Tae ee cold water ina glass Obserse the ace of he plas Vow fi all dele of see Bair These wate droplets ate formed a 2 wy eandensaion of water vapour pesentinshe Tiguid wate. e to liquid eo fo 13 How does the change in temperature and ‘humidity affect the rate of evaporation? Sol The rate of evaporation increases on increasing the temperature ofthe liquid. When the temperature Sfaliguid is creased by heating, more particles of She Iaud ger enough Kinetic energy 10 0 into i i ate This increases the rate af evaporation. Whee the humidiny of air i law, then the rate of Ruption i high and water eoporstes pil Phen the humidiy of ai high then the ate of ‘apursin sk and water eaporates very lowly. 14 Gi) Which factors determine the state of a substance? ii) Convert 30°C into Kelvin. (ii) Woter droplets are observed on the Bater surtace of a glass tumbler containing ice cold water. Give reason. Sol (2) Temperate and pressure determine the state of substance ip C= 273 + 30 = 303K ii) Wace droplew are observed on glass umbler because water vapours present in the at get Condensed on the cold surface ofthe glass which pears as water droplets uo Sat 16. Sol Ww. Sol Allfnone Science Class th — Iisa ot summer day, Priyanshi and All are wsang cotton and. nylon cles, Wepctivey. Who doy you think would be nore comfortable and WY? NCERT Exemplar riyansh woul be ore comforable, The ream Pri barb sweat fom the bony and provides aanarieca far exaparation sebich caus ngellect tb biger Rilo bins absorber of wae dos at hur Nan Tie rhe sweat does not evaporate from the Prey and Al woul feel uncomfortable freeres at roam temperature and veeaidoes not during winter time, uy You are given a mixture of sand, odin ‘Mloeide and ammonim chloride. Write chlor nes of two methods used a8 arate the components ofthe MIRTUFe (9 Since ghee frees at foom temperature 3nd tad el does nor dt hat ancermolecular forces hee ane stonger compared co the oil i) ta Ammonium chloride it %D™ irae wih sr an sai ch imation. Iran ca ace separated by the ( Ghee musta ring winter time it sheom, herween particles of feof mustard process of (Sea cl proces of evaporation Give reason for the following: rally wrapped in wet cloth wq summer it no refrigeration is available? {ii) When sugar erystals dissolve in wat Te ievcl of water dors not rise appreciably. ince he weather i quite high (ho). Asa renee tet Sal ee he eompentue of bute Be Teli dows noe pe any foul oon id Since, water isa liguid, there are intermolecuae Space, Sugat particles occupy these spaces. As a result, water level doesnot ese appreciably.Ally#ane Matter in Our Surroundings 19 Ee Long Answer LA) Type Questions 1 What are the differences between solid, liquid and gaseous states? Sol. Differences beoween solid, are as Follows ‘Solid state Liquid State Gaseous Stato ‘Solds have deinvie Uauids have definte Gases nether iquid and gaseous states shape and volume. volume, but have a dofinte Indetinte shape. shape nor datinte volume, = me Solids are rgid-and Liquids are nan rigid Gases are nor non: compressible, as well as Figid, but they are noa-compressible. _ compressible. Solids have high Liquids have ess Gases have east Gensty (except density than sold. density. ‘Sods donct gus difuse very Difusion of gases Gituseessiy. _slowyy is very fast, Solids donettend Liquids tend oflow. Gases also tend toon. to tow. Intermolecular Intermolecular space Intermolecular spaces are small _ismore than sobs, space is andintormoecular whie intermolecular maximum, while forces of atracton force of atvactionis intermolecular ‘aremaimum. less than salds, force of atraction 'smnimum, ini 2 (i) Explain the term density. Arrange Gifferent states of matter in increasing order of density (ii) Explain how ice floats on water? Sol.) The mass per unit volume of a substance is called density: Density depends upon the volume of the substance. Substance with small intermolecular spaces have small volumes and high densities. The increasing order of intermolecular spaces berween the differen sates of matter are solid « liquid < gas. Thus, the increasing order for their density ‘would be gas water 3. Kinetic energy of particles of water in thy ZaveB yd, and F, respectively and £, temperatute of water in the 8 gus < gases Hee vessels X,Y and > Ey > Ey. Then the tee vessels are @)1,>% >t >t >T, (hoben Nott 4 Which of the following statement is correct? (@) Sponge compessiti, tu consiaeree a8 sled (©) Arutbor ban change shane under trce ane not regan he ‘same shape when force ie moves {e) Mass mutiply by vouune calc dent of (6) The common name of salt ana bgt he 5 Match the column (hypothesis) with cata (tt) evidence hat supprts i) Column Colum tl (ypotnesis) _ Evoence) Particles ma soi You Gan smal cimmer ‘move father apaton cooking inthe kitchen eating wren you ate m9 your @™Diteront partcies of ris eases to squash Gitterent elements nave asian files wen au Gterent masses man a talon fites wan "RH Gas pavtcies nays WA metal rod expands) spread out to i the on testing, ‘Space avautabe to = ‘R go bracelet = father apart than iqud mush heaver tan an panes somes Ser bracelet Codes Pars PoaRs @mnva 4 own w OWN | ene) ‘You are given the following substances with thee boiling and melting points. ‘Substance Boiling point () Melting point (°C) a 183 219 8 5 119 eT iG: 78 15 i Point out the physical states of 4, Band Cat room, temperature (30°C), A 8 c () Gas Solid Liquia © Gas Lguid Soba (© Lqua Sola Gas (Soba Liguia Gas Among the folowing, which on« re false statement? (a) Sueteranon sre proces af conversion ofa matter om ts ‘ud sate to gaseous stateat spect congtions of (©) Nacrensere, camonoy, edna, ammonia chord aro eeryo seumaton Tre meting porto! cai 0C0r273.16K (©) Consersaron se process of conver.on of mater tom ta ateo.s state 1 igual state at speciic conditions of eergeratte ard pressure Etfost of change of temperature on the physical state may: berepresented as Heat Coa! whats x. Yand 2 (2) X= Lua state, Y= Gaseous sate, 2 «Sold st (b) X=Sota state. «Gaseous tate, 2 «Liquid state (6) A =Laqua state, Y «Sota state.2 «Gaseous tate (9) XSold tue Y =Lqua sate. 2 =Gascove tate What will be the correct sequence of temperature when 29°C and 45°C ate converted to Kelvin scale and Falitenheit wale? (a) 278 16k 308 16k, 70 10 F () 29816K 318 16K. 78°F 103 F (6) 298 16K 318 16K 77°F tt F (6) 318 16K 208 6K TPR SE eat OSAll‘nane Science Class iz © YO The non-st units and St units of some physical quant are given in Column ¥ and Column T respectively. Matel the ‘units belonging to the same physical quantity. eeu eee oe Count Coun ‘A. Degree celsius Kilogram Answer Key 8 Cenimeve Pascal Cow Wee a nC po RS yaw ete [el wra In chemistry, only one type matte. Depending « compounds, | mintues (sp Metals 29, ton, 09 mero, ctnse questions my or ay ot besten te amet, RE Dene fan onal practice,