Answer Question Bank {D}

1) The expected outcome from the application of the RBI process should be
A. In service inspection at shorter intervals
B. Assessing the consequences of failure in a quantitative manner
C. Linking risk with appropriate inspection or other mitigation activities to manage risk
(1.1)
D. All of the above

2) The RBI Process is capable of generating

A. A ranking by risk of all equipment evaluated
B. A detailed description of the inspection plan to be employed for each equipment
C. A description of any other risk mitigation activities
D. All of the above (1.1)
E. None of the above

3) Key elements that should exist in an RBI Program are:

A. Documented method for probability of failure determination
B. Documented method for consequence of failure determination.
C. Documented method for managing risk through inspection and other mitigation activities
D. All of the above (1.1.1)

4) The primary work products of the RBI assessment and management approach are
A. Plans that address ways to manage risk on a part of a plant level
B. Plans that address ways to manage risk on an equipment level (1.1.2)
C. Plans that address ways to manage risk on the plant as a whole
D. None of the above

5) The RBI plans also identify equipment that does not require inspection or some other form of
Mitigation:
A. Because of the acceptable level of risk associated with the equipment’s current
operation (1.1.2)
B. Because of the unknown deterioration mechanisms as detailed in API RP 571
C. Because of the exceedingly high level of risk associated with the equipment’s current
operation.
D. All of the above

6) The added advantage of RBI is

A. Training of all participants in the expected deterioration mechanisms thereby enhancing their
technical skills
B. Identifying shortcomings in the effectivenes of commercially available inspection
technologies and applications (1.1.3)
C. Avoidance of conventional in service inspection
D. All of the above

7) API RP 580 is specifically targetted at the application of RBI in

A. Cement and mineral industry
B. Hydro carbon and chemical process industry (1.2.1)
C. Foundries and Machine shops
D. None of the above.
 Answer Question Bank {D}
8) RBI can never provide input into an organisations annual planninmg and budgetting that define the
staffing and funds required to maintain equipment opeartion at acceptable level of performance and
risk.
A. True
B. False (1.1.4)

9) API RP 580 is intended to single out one specific approach as the recommended method for
conducting a RBI effort
A. True
B. False (1.2.2)

10) RBI Process is focussed on :

A. Maintaining mechanical integrity of pressure equipment and minimising risk of loss of
containment due to deterioration. (1.2.3)
B. Educating all team members about effective implementation of risk assessment methods
C. Conducting surveys on various corrosion and other deterioration mechanisms
D. All of the above

11) RBI complements PHA by focusing on the mechanical integrity related deterioration mechanisms and
risk management through inspection
A. True (1.2.3)
B. False

12) RBI complements RCM on understanding failure modes, addressing the modes and therefore
improving the reliability of equipment and process facilities.
A. True (1.2.3)
B. False

13) Which of the following statements is not true

A. RBI is exclusively an inspection activity (1.3)
B. RBI requires the involvement of various segments of the organization such as Engg,
Maintenance and Operations.
C. RBI requires the commitment and co-operation of the total organization.
D. None of the above.

14) Who are the Primary Audience for RP 580?

A. Maintenance personnel who are responsible for the up keep of process equipment in the plant.
B. Inspection and Engineering personnel who are responsible for the mechanical integrity
and operability of the equipment covered by RP580 (1.3)
C. None of the above.

15) Occurrence of a particular set of circumstances is known as :

A. Consequence
B. Probability of failure
C. Event (3.1.6)
D. Likelihood
 Answer Question Bank {D}
16) An analytical tool that organizes and characterizes potential accidents in a logical and graphical
manner is known as :
A. Fault tree
B. Failure tree
C. Event tree (3.1.7)
D. None of the above

17) Which of the following is not true

A. Consequence is the outcome of an event
B. There may be one or more consequences from an event
C. Consequence are always negative for safety aspects
D. Consequence can only be expressed qualitatively. (3.1.3)

18) Systematic techniques to identify hazards and operability issues throughout an entire facility is called:
A. HAZOP study (3.1.12)
B. Criticality Analysis
C. PHA Assessment
D. RCM Program

19) Which of the following is not an external event

A. Tornadoes and Earth quakes
B. Neighboring fires and Explosions
C. Acts of God or sabotage
D. Environmental degradation (3.1.8)

20) Which of the following is true

A. Failure is the termination of the ability of a system, structure or component to perform its
intended function of containment of fluid
B. Failures may be unannounced or undetected until the next inspection.
C. Failures may be announced and detected by any number of methods at the instance of
occurrence.
D. All of the above. (3.1.9)

21) Methods that use engineering judgment and experience as the basis for the analysis of probabilities
and consequence of failure is:
A. Quantitative Risk analysis
B. Qualitative Risk analysis (3.1.16)
C. Analytical risk evaluation
D. All of the above.

22) Quantitative risk analysis

A. Identifies and delineates the combination of events that, if occur will lead to a severe
accident.
B. Estimates the frequency of occurrence for each combination
C. Estimates the consequences
D. All of the above (3.1.17)
 Answer Question Bank {D}
23) Quantitative risk analysis logic models generally consist of
A. Event trees and Fault trees (3.1.17)
B. Failure trees and consequence trees
C. Risk trees
D. None of the above

24) The comparative risk of a facility, process unit, system, equipment item, or component to other
facilities, process units, system, equipment item or components respectively is knows as
A. Absolute risk
B. Relative risk (3.1.18)
C. Residual risk
D. Acceptable risk

25) The overall process f risk analysis and risk evaluation is known as
A. Risk assessment (3.1.23)
B. Risk control
C. Risk Estimation
D. Risk evaluation

26) In RBI, risks are managed primarily through

A. Risk acceptance
B. Risk control
C. Source identification
D. Equipment inspection (3.1.25)

27) Process used to assign values to the probability and consequence of a risk is known as
A. Risk estimation (3.1.29)
B. Risk control
C. Risk assessment
D. Risk identification

28) Which of the following is not true

A. Risk evaluation is the process used to compare the estimated risk against a given risk
B. Risk evaluation may be used to assist in the acceptance or mitigation decision.
C. Risk control may involve monitoring, reevaluation, acceptance and compliance with
decisions.
D. None of the above. (3.127 & 3.1.30)

29) Systematic use of information to identify sources and to estimate the risk is known as
A. Risk analysis (3.1.22)
B. Risk avoidance
C. Risk mitigation
D. Risk reduction.

30) Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk is known as
A. Risk control
B. Risk mitigation
C. Risk Management (3.1.32)
D. Risk Reduction
 Answer Question Bank {D}
31) Risk Reduction is the act of
A. Mitigating a known risk to a lower level of risk (3.1.34)
B. Assessing risk to determine whether reduction is required
C. Developing a plan to maintain risk at an acceptable level
D. All of the above

32) In process plants inspection and testing programs are established

A. To reduce the probability of occurrence
B. To fix the inspection intervals
C. To detect and evaluate the deterioration due to in service operation. (4.3)
D. All of the above are correct.

33) With advances in inspection approaches and better understanding of the types and rate of
deterioration inspection intervals become more dependent on
A. Equipment condition (4.3)
B. Operating envelope
C. Risk analysis
D. None of the above.

34) RBI represents the next generation of inspection approaches and interval setting,
A. Recognizing that the ultimate goal of inspection is the safety and reliability of the
operating facilities. (4.3)
B. To establish risk mitigation measures
C. To identify the risk factors
D. None of the above.

35) In some cases invasive inspection cause additional deterioration. An example for this is’:
A. Moisture ingress in equipment with polythionic acid
B. Damage due to inspection to protective coatings or glass lined vessels.
C. Both A and B (4.4)
D. None of the above.

36) Risk can’t be reduced to zero solely by inspection efforts. Residual risk factors for the loss of
containment include
A. Human error
B. Secondary effects from neighboring units
C. Design errors
D. All of the above (4.4)
E. None of the above.

37) Which of the following is not true

A. RBI is focused on systematic determination of relative risks
B. RBI is focused on systematic determination of absolute risks (4.5)
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above.
 Answer Question Bank {D}
38) If a pressure vessel, subject to deterioration from CUI develops a leak, a possible consequence is:
A. Form a vapor cloud that could ignite causing injury and equipment damage
B. Release of toxic chemical that could cause health problems
C. Result in spill causing environmental deterioration.
D. Force a unit shut down and have an adverse economic impact
E. All of the above. (5.1)

39) Only by considering both factors can effective risk based decision making take place. Which are these
factors
A. Quantitative and Qualitative factors
B. Qualitative and semi quantitative factors
C. Event tree and fault tree
D. Probability and consequence of failure (5.1)

40) Typically risk acceptability criteria are defined, recognizing that every failure will lead to an
undesirable incident with serious consequence and that some serious consequence incidents have very
low probabilities
A. True
B. False (5.1)

41) RBI Procedure can be applied

A. Qualitatively
B. Quantitatively
C. Semi quantitatively
D. All of the above. (5.2)

42) Use of expert opinion will typically be included in most risk assessment regardless of type or level
A. True (5.2)
B. False

43) In Qualitative RBI approach input are often given

A. In data ranges (5.2.1)
B. In discreet values
C. A&B are correct
D. None of the above

44) The accuracy of results from a qualitative analysis is dependent on

A. The qualification of the analysts
B. The expected deterioration mechanisms
C. Back ground and the expertise of the analysts. (5.2.1)
D. All of the above.

45) Quantitative risk analysis is distinguished from the qualitative approach by

A. The analysis depth and integration of detailed assessments (5.2.2)
B. The level of expertise of the analysts
C. Numerical values associated with each category of risk
D. Application of appropriate risk acceptance criteria.
 Answer Question Bank {D}
46) In the continuum approach of RBI, ------- and ---------are considered to be the extremes of the
continuum.
A. Probability of failure and consequence of failure
B. Event trees and fault trees
C. Qualitative approach and quantitative approach (5.2.4)
D. None of the above.

47) For all intents and purposes, the Quantitative Risk Analysis is not a traditional risk analysis
A. True
B. False (5.2.4)

48) Hazard identification in a RBI analysis generally focuses on identifiable failure mechanisms in the
equipment, but does not explicitly deal with other potential failure scenarios such as
A. Localized thinning and erosion
B. Stress corrosion cracking and pitting corrosion
C. Mechanical failures
D. Power failures or human errors (5.2.5)

49) QRA deals with total risk, not just risk associated with equipment deterioration
A. True (5.2.5)
B. False

50) QRA typically involves a less detailed evaluation than a RBI analysis.
A. True
B. False (5.2.5)

51) The accuracy of the RBI output is a function of

A. Methodology used as well as the quantity and quality of the data available (5.3)
B. Number of persons in the RBI team
C. Severity of the existing damage mechanisms
D. None of the above.

52) Quantitative analysis uses logic models to calculate probabilities and consequence of failure. It is
important that results from these logic models are validated by an expert judgment, as:
A. Logic models used to characterize materials deterioration of equipment and to
determine the consequence of failure can have variability and can introduce error and
inaccuracy impacting quality of risk assessment. (5.3)
B. The mechanical integrity and functional performance of the equipment depends on the
suitability of the equipment to operate safely and reliably
C. Susceptibility of each equipment to various failure mechanisms are different
D. All of the above.

53) The mechanical integrity and functional performance of an equipment depends on

A. The expected damage mechanisms that could hamper the equipments service conditions
B. Suitability of the equipment to operate safely and reliably under normal and abnormal
operating conditions (5.4)
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above,
 Answer Question Bank {D}

54) Susceptibility to deterioration of each equipment should be clearly defined for current operating
conditions like
A. Process fluids, contaminants and aggressive components
B. Unit throughput
C. Desired until run length between scheduled shut downs
D. Operating conditions including upset conditions
E. All of the above (5.4.a, b, c & d)

55) ----------will determine the POF of the equipment from one or more deterioration mechanisms
A. Inspection influences and uncertainty of the risk associated with pressure equipment
B. Process Hazard analysis
C. Suitability and current condition of the equipment within the current operating
envelope (5.4)
D. All of the above

56) Inspection influences the uncertainty of the risk associated with pressure equipment primarily by
A. Improving knowledge of the deterioration state and predictability of probability of
failure (5.5.1)
B. Reducing the probability of occurrence of an event
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above.

57) In service inspection is primarily concerned with

A. Enhancing knowledge of the inspecting personnel
B. Detailed analysis of the probability of failure
C. Detection and monitoring of deterioration (5.5.1)
D. None of the above.

58) Probability of failure due to deterioration is a function of

A. Deterioration type and mechanisms
B. Rate of deterioration
C. Probability of identifying and detecting deterioration and predicting future deterioration states
with inspection techniques.
D. Tolerance of the equipment to the type of deterioration.
E. All of the above (5.5.1.a, b, c, & d)

59) The primary product of an RBI effort should be

A. A survey of the probable deterioration mechanisms
B. Qualified RBI analysts performing the assessment
C. Inspection plan for each equipment item evaluated (5.5.2)
D. All of the above

60) Some risks can’t be adequately managed by inspection alone. Example for this is
A. Equipment affected by pitting corrosion
B. Equipment nearing retirement (5.5.3)
C. Both a and b
D. None of the above.
 Answer Question Bank {D}
61) In the above cases, the mitigation actions shall be
A. Equipment repair
B. Replacement or up gradation
C. Equipment redesign
D. Maintenance of strict controls on operating conditions
E. All of the above. (5.5.3)

62) RBI methodology is intended to complement other risk based and safety initiatives: Example of the
safety initiative is
A. OSHA Programs
B. EPA risk management programs
C. RCM
D. PHA
E. All of the above (5.6)

63) Potential Hazards identified in a PHA will often affect the consequence side of risk equation.
A. True
B. False (5.6.1)

64) Reliability records can be used to develop

A. Equipment failure probabilities and leak frequencies (5.6.3)
B. Process safety management system
C. Process Hazard Analysis system
D. None of the above

65) Reliability efforts such as ---------can be linked with RBI resulting in an integrated program to reduce
down time in an operating unit.
A. RCM (5.6.3)
B. PHA
C. PSM
D. None

66) Codes and legal requirements vary from one jurisdiction to another. In some cases jurisdictional
requirements mandate specific actions such as
A. Experienced inspectors and reliable methods
B. Usage of API 580
C. Type of inspection and intervals between inspections. (5.7)
D. All of the above.

67) RBI should be an acceptable method for setting inspection plans – Where?
A. In Jurisdictions that permit application of any international codes and standards
B. In Jurisdictions that permit application of API Inspection codes and standards (5.7)
C. In Jurisdictions that does not permit API Codes and Standards
D. None of the above.

68) Which of the following are the objectives and goals of an RBI assessment?
A. Understand risks
B. Define risk criteria
C. Management of risks
D. Reduce costs
E. All of the above (6.2.1, 2, 3 & 4)
 Answer Question Bank {D}

69) Establishing risk criteria to judge acceptability of risk could be an objective of the RBI assessment if,
A. Such criteria do not exist already within the user’s company (6.2.2)
B. Such criteria exists already in the users company
C. Such criteria exist in the neighboring organizations.
D. None.

70) Reducing inspection costs is usually not the primary objective of a RBI assessment
A. True (6.2.4)
B. False

71) When inspection program is optimized based on understanding of risks which of the following cost
reduction benefits may be realized?
A. Ineffective, unnecessary or inappropriate inspection activities may be eliminated.
B. Inspection of low risk item may be eliminated or reduced.
C. On line or non invasive inspection methods may be substituted for invasive methods that
require equipment shut down
D. More effective infrequent inspection may be substituted for less effective frequent
inspections
E. All of the above. (6.2.4)

72) RBI provides a systematic method to guide a user in the selection of the equipment items to be
included and the frequency, scope and extent of inspection activities to be conducted to meet
performance objectives
A. True (6.2.5)
B. False

73) RBI assessment may identify risk that may be managed by actions other than inspection. Some of
these mitigation actions may include
A. Modification of process to eliminate conditions driving the risk
B. Modification of operating procedures to avoid situation driving the risk
C. Chemical treatment of process to reduce deterioration rates.
D. All of the above. (6.2.6)

74) End of life inspection RBI strategies may be developed in association with
A. A fitness for service assessment of damaged components using methods as per API RP
579 (6.2.8)
B. PHA studies
C. PSM Analysis
D. RCM Programs

75) It is important to revisit RBI assessment if,

A. Remaining plant life is extended after the remaining life strategy has been developed
and implemented. (6.2.8)
B. If a team member is changed
C. Both A and B
D. None
 Answer Question Bank {D}
76) The scope of an RBI assessment may vary between an entire refinery or plant and a single component
within a single piece of equipment.
A. True (6.3.1)
B. False

77) At facility level, RBI may be applied to which types of plants

A. Oil and gas production facilities
B. Oil and gas processing and transportation terminals
C. Petrochemical and chemical plants
D. All of the above (6.3.2)
E. A&B only

78) Screening at facility level may be done by

A. Asset or product value
B. History of problems/ failures at each facility
C. Simplified qualitative RBI assessment
D. A&B above (6.3.2)
E. A,B&C above.

79) If the scope of RBI assessment is a multi unit facility, then the first step in the application of RBI is
A. Screening of entire process unit to rank relative risk (6.3.3)
B. Screening of equipment in any one unit to rank risk
C. A and B above
D. None of the above

80) Which of the following is a method for initial screening?

A. Facilities screening
B. Process unit screening
C. System within process unit screening
D. A &B only
E. A,B and C (6.3.2, 3 & 4)

81) What is the advantage of screening by dividing process units into systems?
A. Equipment can be screened together saving time compared to treating each piece of
equipment separately. (6.3.4)
B. Systems can be screened together saving time compared to treating each system separately
C. It provides insight about the level of assessment that may be required for operating systems.
D. All of the above

82) What is the basis of grouping equipment within a process unit into systems for system screening?
A. Process chemistry, pressure and temperature
B. Metallurgy and equipment design
C. Operating history
D. A&B only
E. A,B and C (6.3.4)

83) When a process unit is identified for RBI assessment, and overall optimization is the goal, it is usually
best to include all systems in the unit.
A. True (6.3.4)
B. False
 Answer Question Bank {D}
84) RBI assessment may be applied to which of the following
A. Pressure vessels and piping
B. Furnaces
C. Instruments like temperature gauges
D. A&B only (6.3.5)
E. A,B and C

85) Possible reasons for inclusion of off- plot and utilities for RBI assessment are
A. The RBI assessment is done for an overall optimization of inspection resources and
environmental and business COF are included
B. There is a specific reliability problem in a utility system
C. Reliability of the process unit is a major objective of the RBI an