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FACTORS AFFECTING THE DECISION MAKING OF GRADE 10 STUDENTS IN CHOOSING

THEIR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TRACK
____________________________________________________

A Research

Presented to

Saint Theresa College of Tandag,Inc.

____________________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirement for the Course

Practical Research 2

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Researchers:

Rapal, Khezar Jhon C.

Salinas, Shaina Rose C.

Sanchez, Rezyl B.

Sumaoy, Carla M.

Tajonera, Eliza Faith M.

Ursos, Dicken

Research Adviser:

Ms. Jane Marie L. Mercado

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CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Background of the Study

One of the most difficult decisions students had to make about their

education was selecting a vocation that would determine their future

professional path (Ouano et al., 2019). A research of Skeffington and Rea's

(2017) people's job decisions and the impact of poverty In the United

Kingdom (UK), revealed that kids those who grew up in less affluent

environments are more likely to select occupations that satisfy their

personal aspirations and financial stability. Financially pressed people

often accept low paying jobs than pursuing more expensive higher education.

This inclination seems to be strengthened by the stigma attached to those

from lower socioeconomic classes and how they present themselves to others

(Sheeny- Skeffington and Rea (2017). In career selection, students have to

undergo an intricate process, where they should consider factors that would

affect their overall decision such as the socio demographic profile, socio-

economic status, parents, job opportunities, academic performance, personal

interest, and many other aspects to forcefully be open-minded of the things

they will encounter in the not too distant future (Moneva & Malbas, 2019;

Santric-Milicevic et al., 2014). In the study of Foster (2013), a shift in

specialization is linked to traits including extra version,

conscientiousness, emotional stability, optimism, sense of identity, and

work motivation in addition to professional decisiveness. The strategy for

providing one such factor is student willingness. In terms of character

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traits, students who lack confidence in themselves in the classroom tend to

be less driven and put in less effort while modifying their goals.

Experiences in a student's life shape their level of confidence, and an

individual's expectations of earning well are related to their level of

overconfidence. A shift in specialization is associated with qualities such

as conscientiousness, extra version, emotional stability, optimism, sense

of identity, and job motivation and career decidedness (Foster, 2013).

Kusumawati (2013) observed that the pupils put in a great deal of their

socioeconomic situation into account. Because of this, students' decisions

about their education may suffer if they are unable to pay their costs. If

they are conscious of the fact that their family cannot afford to pay for

the course they wish to pursue, they rather likely to enroll in a course in

which they have no personal interest inadequate means. Less employment

opportunities could also result from resource constraints.

In the study of Dublin ,et.al(2020), choosing a Senior High School

track is one of the hardest decisions a junior high school student can

make. Secondary school graduates often lack a clear career path and strand

for senior high, leading to uncertain decisions about their future career

paths (Ramirez &Dizon, 2014). Ahmed et. al. (2017) found that students'

career choice was only slightly influenced by potential employment

prospects in the future. One of the criteria considered is academic

performance major when deciding on a professional route. During the

investigation of students have demonstrated the capacity, according to

Fizer (2013) to compete successfully in the field, as seen by their strong

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grades attained in high school. In the study of Sugano & Mamolo, (2021)

Academic Performance across grades is said to be important in terms of data

basis in determining the professional strength of each student because this

information gives the students, teachers, and parents the idea of where the

students perform above and average levels in various areas to help them

choose the right career track suitable for them. This means that the

student-respondents are most likely to pursue a strand they think they can

excel academically, rather than the strand they think they are not good at

or not suited to their academic performance.

Understanding the factors that impact students' career decisions is

crucial for effective career planning. Researchers have found that certain

characteristics can predict career choices, and have developed a decision-

making tool based on this insight. Poor course choices resulting from

insufficient guidance and students' lack of knowledge about their strengths

and interests can lead to higher rates of underemployment and unemployment.

(Nazareno et al., 2019; Gestiada et al., 2017; Manapsal, 2018). As a

result, it is imperative that students make the right choice because

failing to do so could have detrimental effects on their future. At this

point, teenagers want assistance in making the best decision regarding

their intended career. When making decisions, they will take into account

their inherent abilities, the educational opportunities afforded to them as

students, and other resources provided by society to enable them to

function more effectively and efficiently (DepEd, 2017).

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There has been studies on the different factors that individually

relates to choosing their track but no study locally were published about

all factors towards the decision making.

This study investigates the factors that influence the Grade 10

Students of Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc.in the decision-making

when selecting their Senior High School Track.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
In order to conduct the investigation, the following theories are

briefly explored.

According to Holland's Theory of Career Choice, which was covered

by Nauta (2010), people can grow and function most effectively—as well as

find job satisfaction—in workplaces that complement their personalities.

People often choose careers that reflect their personalities. According to

Holland, job satisfaction increases with the degree to which personality

and job fit. Holland's theory emphasizes the accuracy of self-knowledge and

career information required for career decision making. This theory is

important to the study because it helps student respondents choose the

right strand and track that best suits their interests and personalities.

According to the Happenstance Learning Theory, which Krumboltz

(2009) highlights, people make career decisions based on the knowledge they

have acquired. A few actions are encouraged, rewarded, and modeled. It

highlights the significance of early experiences in determining one's level

of satisfaction in a chosen field. Therefore, the satisfaction and

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frustration of early childhood would have a significant impact on an

individual's structure. Individuals choose their specialization based on

their personalities and backgrounds. Selecting a specialization is an

expression of one's personality in the workplace, followed by

identification with a particular occupational stereotype. This method may

also help to explain why some students decide to specialize in a particular

strand. These have a big impact on how the students approach their careers.

According to Lancaster (2017), Krumblotz's Learning Theory of

Career Counseling (LTCC) explains that an individual's current occupational

situation is determined by an infinite number of accumulated learning

experiences. Experiences that are personally enjoyable are what spark

interest. All beliefs are reexamined as a result of the development and

modification of new beliefs in response to new information. Additionally,

values evolve with experience and increased understanding. Four components

play a role in the career development process. A person's career

opportunities may be limited by their genetic endowment and special

abilities, which can include inherited physical, mental, or special

abilities. The effects of the environment on skill development, activities,

and career preferences are the next topic. Subsequently, experiences that

involve learning occur when one observes the immediate outcomes of one's

actions and the responses of others. The last type of skills are task

approach skills, which are acquired through experience. In relation to the

current study, the aforementioned factors play a crucial role because they

may be the motives behind the influence in selecting the preferred track
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and strand, such as opportunities, abilities, environmental influences, and

learning experiences that will pave the way for their future success. These

are frequently modified as a result of both desirable and undesirable

experiences.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Figure 1 displays a student profile. Of particular importance is

the student's name, but other factors to consider include their parent’s

occupation, which have an impact on the courses they choose to take in

college. Because if students decide to follow a particular path, say they

want to become doctors, the STEM strand is the best choice for them because

it incorporates science and will give them a significant advantage when it

comes to enrolling in medical school.

The figure 2 demonstrates how to determine each student's

preference. To find out, a survey will be required. Every student must go

through a short procedure to determine what they want to be, and it's

extremely intriguing because it provides a lot of information.

The survey's findings are depicted in figure 3. The benefits of

their will be for both the researcher and the respondents. The researcher

will be able to clearly understand which track will be preferred. The

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responses will also be given clarification regarding their future plans.

They’ll be chosen.

Grade 10 Student’s
Profile:
Respondent's
preferred choice of
Monthly Family Income:
track:

elements affecting the

An strategic
student's preferred
intervention such as
tracks:
career guidance
campaigns and
awareness that gives
Factors:
the student an idea
a. Personal Interest or guide in their
track preference in
b. Family Influence Senior High School.
c. Peer Influence
d. Job Opportunities
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Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

Statement of the Problem

This study tries to pinpoint the variables influencing the track

preferences of Saint Theresa College of Tandag in Grade 10 Students.

It specifically aims to respond to the following queries:

1.What are the characteristics of the students in grade 10 in terms of:

a.) Age

b.) Gender

C.) Monthly Family Income

2.) What Senior High School tracks do the respondents prefer?

3.)What factors influence the desired tracks of the respondents?

a.) Personal Interest c.) Peer Influence

b.) Family Influence d.) Job opportunities

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4.) Does the respondent’s profile significantly affect the Senior High

School tracks that they choose?

Hypothesis

The choice of a senior high school track is greatly affected by

factors like, personal interest, Family influence, Peer influence, Job

opportunities and financial condition for students’ in grade 10.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focused on the selected incoming senior high school

students of Saint Theresa College of Tandag,Inc. in choosing a strand. The

respondents of the study were composed of 100 randomly selected grade 10

students which comprise 25% of the population. The results of this study is

applicable to all respondents especially to those incoming senior high

school students who is confused in choosing a strand. This forms the scope

and limitations of a study helps to contextualize the research for the

reader so they can better anticipate the extent of the details to come.

Significance of the Study

This study aimed to elucidate the factors that influence incoming

senior high school students' decision to select a strand.

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Moreover, the findings of the research will be helpful to the

following.

Students. The research provided guidance for creating the the appropriate

career decision taking into account the various aspects.

Teachers. The research was used as a source for

programs for teacher development in the future that will

help students become more college-ready. The study's conclusions might make

their jobs easier, more productively and effectively.

Parents. The research helps inform and direct their

children to select the appropriate path while taking into

examines the various elements that impact one's profession

decisions of choice.

Definition of Terms

The following terms used in the study are defined operationally.

Attitude. A settled way of thinking or feeling about someone or

something, typically one that is reflected in a person’s behavior.

Attribute. A quality or feature regardless a characteristic or

inherent part of someone or something.

Career Choice. A field for a pursuit of consecutive progressive

achievement especially in public,professional, or business life.

Course. A number of lectures or other matter dealing with a subject.

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Decision. Conclusion or resolution reached after consideration.

Senior High School. Refers to the last two years of k-12 program
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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes information related to the research problem. The

literature will taken from the books, magazines, download materials from

the internet and legal issuance to conceptualize the insights indicated.

The studies will taken from the reviews and study of existing works.

The following literature and studies are the foreign and local related

studies with similarities which will guide and strengthen this research

paper. They will serve as the researchers’ clue to proceed to creating this

paper and will provide ideas for a sustained effectiveness of research.

RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign

According to Staunton (as cited in Rafanan & De Guzman, 2020), Higher

career well-being, success and job happiness, excellent grades, and on-time

graduation are all outcomes of matching a student's personality to the

right educational or career path. Choosing a career or track to pursue in

senior high school requires careful consideration for junior high school

students. A lot of students don't think their secondary school career is

relevant to the field they may specialize in later on in their higher

education because they didn't give their career decisions enough thought

(Cabanias, 2021).
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A person's career choice is one of the most significant decisions

they will ever make, according to Dye, C. (2018) in his paper "Factors

Affecting Career Choice." It has been observed by researchers that candid

self-reflection makes many of the elements influencing profession choices

readily evident. A smart career decision can often be made by providing

honest answers to questions about your interests, potential occupations,

desired living situation, desired working environment, and preferred method

of employment. The majority of job decision-making is also influenced by

personal characteristics like aptitude, achievement needs, attitudes, and

self-expectations. Still, additional elements like geography, financial

status, and work-life balance count. Geographical factors influence many

jobs and might influence career decisions in in several ways. For instance,

the majority of career pathways for a young professional pursuing a

managerial career in retail packaged food lead to Chicago, the hub of the

consumer packaged goods sector. Since most American magazines are based in

New York or Los Angeles, most career pathways for aspiring magazine writers

lead there. Some people base their job decisions mostly on where they want

to live, then search for employment opportunities in that area.

Conversely, the interest aspect of students is thought to be the most

important component when choosing a career major or educational path

because it reflects their interests or desires (Giustinelli, 2016).

Students' interests are important considerations while choosing a career,

according to Okwulehie (2018) and Rababah (2016). Penedilla and Rosaldo's

(2017) study, which found that high school students' job and college degree
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choices were influenced by their personal preferences, provided support for

this. Similar findings were made by Ahmed et al. (2017), who discovered

that while academic performance, financial consequences, and future

employment prospects have little bearing on students' intentions to pursue

a particular career, interest in a course has a significantly positive

relationship with career planning.

Su, Chang, Wu, and Liao (2016) shown that students' choices about

their careers are most significantly impacted "School factor" has the

lowest weight, followed by "personal factor," "group factor," and "career

exploration factor." Impacting their level. Large-sized school pupils

enrolled in courses on domestic matters who will be readily impacted by the

individual while making job decisions.

Penedilla and Rosaldo (2017) found that while a senior high school

student's decision about a job and college major is primarily a personal

one, outside factors do play a role. A number of elements, including social

and economic conditions and their academic qualifications, influence their

decisions, whether they are made voluntarily or under coercion.

Consequently, kids are inspired to choose.In order to address this fact,

the Department of Education thought that administering the National Career

Assessment Exam (NCAE) would help identify the right path for each student.

Local
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In the Philippines, students can select from a variety of tracks in

the Senior High School (SHS) program to help them get ready for their

future careers. For students in grade 10, selecting the right SHS track is

a crucial choice. An overview of the literature on the subject is given in

this section. Factors that influence Philippine grade 10 students'

preferences for SHS tracks. Numerous factors that affect students'

preferences for SHS tracks have been identified by several studies. Lorenz

et al. (2020) discovered that students' preferred track was significantly

predicted by their academic standing, peer pressure, parental guidance, and

career goals. According to the study, students who performed well

academically tended to select academic pathways, but those who performed

poorly academically TVL tracks that are preferred for performance.

Numerous studies have also emphasized how important parental

involvement is in determining a student's preference for a SHS track.

According to a study by Kilag and Sasan (2023), parents were very important

in determining their children's track preference and career goals.

According to the study, parents who were more likely to affect their

children's track preference if they supported their preferred track, helped

with schooling, and offered guidance. Kilag et al.'s study from 2021 also

indicated that parents who supported their children chosen course, guided

them, and were interested in their education were more probably going to

affect their kids' preferred track. According to the study, parents with

greater levels of education were also more likely to have an impact on

their children track preferences.

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Providing high-quality basic education opportunities for all students,

raising the standard of the educational process and the senior high school

to college transition, and enhancing the integration of the entire

educational system are some of the primary challenges facing K–12 in the

Philippines.In the Philippines, senior high school education has a

significant influence on the growth of the nation. The government made

educational investments in the hopes of preparing pupils for a global

economy. Students need to be enthusiastic to decide what job route they

will choose in the near future in order to become globally competitive.

Their ability to flourish both personally and professionally can be aided

by having a well-planned and coordinated life and career goals (Manapsal

2017).

Related Studies

Foreign

A study conducted by Ching, C. W., et., al., (2016) entitled “Factors

Affecting the Students Career Decision-Making of Junior High School

Students in Central Taiwan Area” showed that students with middle-level

education degree parents take their parents educational expectation and

attitude in consideration when deciding what track to choose . It is also

stated in the study that students with parents that have middle to high

educational degree is more affected by these family factors that students

with parents that have a low educational degree.

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This implies that students consider their parents educational

attainment in their career decision-making. This shows that the parents

educational degree plays a role in the track preference of the students.

Students with parents footsteps and pick the same line of career. On the

other hand, students with parents that have a low educational degree may

choose tracks that will lead to quick but high-paying jobs.

From the findings of the study entitled “ Parental Factors Influencing

Career Choice among High School Students in Nairobi County”, it can be

concluded that parental factors influence the career choice of students in

Nairobi County. Results from the study indicate that a high parental

educational level has a influence on the career choice of students. In this

respect, it is concluded that the mother’s level of education influenced

the students in Nairobi County would choose careers that are different

from those of their parents, siblings, and close relatives. It can further

be concluded that the father’s occupation had a more significant influence

on the students career choice than that of the mother. It was also

established that parental values and expectations played a major role in

shaping the students careers. In this respect it can be concluded that

parental values and expectations have a significant relationship with the

career choice of students. (Alphonse,M. M.,2016)

Local
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According to a recent research, peer mentors play an important role in

the socialization process, and they exert pressure on the trajectory of an

individual has been widely recognized. It helps young people develop their

employment possibilities and make decisions (2017, Victorina). In the

Philippines, adolescents usually lack the capacity to form their own

opinions. Educators, parents, friends, and It is customary to ask

classmates for advice (Manapsal, 2018).

In a similar vein, Dagang and de Mesa (2017) discovered the outcomes

that indicate the significant role of parents regarding their kids' post

secondary school preference. The consciousness of the Filipino people is

strongly ingrained with it. Respect for elders, which is why parents have a

big say in what their children decide. In a Filipino household, the kids

are financially dependent on their parents, which explains why they yield

to their parents' judgement. Modest impact from other people, including

friends, family, and peers. Affordability of was another factor, tuition

and then a scholarship.Making professional decisions requires creativity,

trial and error, decision-making, and smart judgment. It is essential to

have prior knowledge about a certain career in order to spark and nurture

an interest in it. Passion is a strong pull on self-defining activities

that are essential to one's soul, heart, and strength. When a person

chooses his courses based on the right career for his talent, personality,

background, and intelligence, he will succeed in his career the most.

Rather than considering the requirements of the job market, many students

base their decisions on personal preferences. The results show that

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enthusiasm is necessary to comprehend entrepreneurship and its processes

(Magdadaro, 2020).

Insight Gained

Academic performance, peer influence, parental guidance, and career

aspirations were significant predictors of students' track preference. The

study found that students with high academic performance tended to choose

academic tracks, while those with lower academic performance preferred TVL

tracks.

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY
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This chapter presents the research design, research respondents,

sampling techniques, research locale, research data.

Research Design

The purpose of this study was to discover the factors that affecting

Grade 10 student’s choices of Senior High School Track. The researcher

employed the descriptive research design to investigate the research and

generates a new understanding of the data collected. To study the research

objectives, the researcher employed a descriptive research strategy to

generate a fresh understanding of the data obtained. The study is

descriptive, as it aims to determine if there is an effect of the decision-

making of Junior High School (JHS) on what strand should be chosen.

Research Respondents

This study focused on the grade 10 students of their decision on what

strand they will choose. The population of this research were grade 10

students, both male and female adolescents aged 15-17 years old, enrolled

in the school year 2022-2023.

Sampling Technique
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The total number of participants was obtained using the stratified

random sampling . From the entire population of grade 10 students we will

likely collect data of 75 students. The selection we will make is by

listing the total number of grade 10 students in Saint Theresa College of

Tandag INC.

The study we will conduct among the selected Senior High School

Students of Saint Theresa College of Tandag Inc., located at corner of

Magsaysay and Quezon Street Dagocdoc, Tandag City.The researchers will get

the valid result of the respondent through stratified random sampling.

Stratified sampling is a type of method in which the total population is

divided into smaller groups or strata to complete the sampling process.

Research Locale

This study will conducted in Junior High School Department of Saint

Theresa College of Tandag Inc,. Located at corner of Magsaysay and Quezon

Street Dagocdoc , Tandag City. The study aligned its objectives to the

Grade 10 Theresians goals which are: to choose their strand properly; to be

sure of their choice of course when they inter to college; to become more

enjoyable since the strands are designed and specialized to match your

interest; to determine which paths fit your strengths, passions, and

skills; to expands your knowledge and skills, while at the same time,

exposing you to your chosen field of study in preparation for college.

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https://goo.gl/maps/9ndvipd7zU4UL7H47?coh=178573&entry=tt

Research Instrument

Items on a rating scale made up the survey questioner. The inquiry

centered on the variables that might influence a student’s Senior High

School strand choice. The questionnaire was divided into three parts. Part

one assess the students basic information, where their sex and parents

occupation will ask. The second part determine the student current

response variable which is collecting survey data and then, In part three

they assess the intervention the act of interfering with the outcome.
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Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher designed a questionnaire before obtaining data. The

surveying technique begins when the letter, also known as informed consent,

is created.

The survey is sent to the students when it has been approved, and the

respondents have the option to respond as they wait to pick up the surveys

the following day. After retrieval, the questionnaires were evaluated by

the researchers, who were able to ascertain which strand the grade 10

pupils at Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc. had chosen.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data gathered were analyzed and interpreted using the Slovins

Formula,which will be used to answer the problems posed in this study.

Formula:

n=N/1+Ne²

Where:

n= number of samples needed

N=population size

e=margin of errors