MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

Module 5

LESSON I: MEDIA AND INFORMATION SOURCES

 FOREWORD

Representation in the media can take many forms. We live in an image-filled culture, and on
a daily basis we are surrounded by media representations on websites, on television, in feature films,
in news reporting and in books.Reporters, authors, videographers, advertisers, publishers and
filmmakers use images, audio and written words to convey information about an event, story or
issue. They usually face limitations of time, space, resources and other editorial constraints to
prepare and present stories to the public. Therefore, depending on the story being told or the
message being conveyed, it is often necessary to ‘re-present’ issues or events by referring to
characteristics such as race, gender, sexuality, age or class. Inevitably, those working in the media
must select the content to be presented to the public.

USER’S GUIDE

This module requires your time and utmost attention. In this case, you need to set aside other
tasks that is not related to this module and try to find a place that is free from distractions so that you
can focus on the lessons. Always remember to do the following:
1. Read carefully the contents and follow the directions in provided in this module.
2. Perform all the activities/exercises provided in this module.
3. Answer the pre-test and post-test in this module.
4. Always check the rubric/criteria for grading on how you will be evaluated before you respond
to each activities/exercises.
5. Do not forget to smile and enjoy studying! Go beyond what is given here. Explore the internet!
Although this module might be challenging, this is an opportunity to learn. Keep an open mind
and an open heart! Happy Learning!

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Table of Contents
Foreword ....................................................................................................................................... 1
User Guide ....................................................................................................................................1
Table of Contents................................................................................................................................2
Pre Test............................................................................................................................................. 3
Module Content.................................................................................................................................. 4
Activity: Let’s Warm Up!.......................................................................................................................5
Analysis: Let’s Analyze!....................................................................................................................... 5
Abstraction: Let’s Discuss and Learn!................................................................................................ 6-7
Application: Let’s Practice!................................................................................................................... 8
Post Test............................................................................................................................................9
References....................................................................................................................................... 10
Activity Sheets.................................................................................................................................. 11

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 PRE TEST

Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.

1. The sources of the information is needed to be reliable.

2. Actual data is not needed in creating a reliable information.
3. Checking the reliability of the sources is important.
4. Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and are seldom
circulated for profit.
5. There is no fake news in the internet.
6. The domains .edu or .gov are reserved for academic institutions and the government respectively
7. Every author in the internet is reliable.
8. Credible sources take time to make their information accessible and easy to comprehend.
9. Cross-reference with other sources will help you to evaluate the reliability of the sources.
10. Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development because of its direct access
to local channels.

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ACTIVITY (Let’s Warm Up!)

Directions: Define indigenous media and information by developing mind map

INDIGENOUS MEDIA AND

INFORMATION

ANALYSIS (Let’s Analyze!)

Directions: Based on your activity, answer the following questions below.

1. What is the role of indigeneeous media in our society?

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2. What kind of information does indigeneous media relies to its audience?
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ABSTRACTION (Let’s Discuss and Learn!)

 RELIABILTY OF INFORMATION: information is said to be reliable if it can be verified and

evaluated. Others refers to the trustworthiness of the source in evaluating the reliability of
information.
 ACCURACY OF INFORMATION: accuracy refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data.
Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on the type of information being evaluated. Forecasts
are said to be accurate if the report is similar to the actual data. Financial information is considered
accurate if the values are correct, properly classified, and presented.

 VALUE OF INFORMATION: information is said to be of value if it aids the user in making or

improving decisions.

 AUTHORITY OF THE SOURCE: much of the information we gather daily do not come from a
primary source but are passed on through secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and the
like. Sources with an established expertise on the subject matter are considered as having sound
authority on the subject.

 TIMELINESS: reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary based on the time it was
produced or acquired. While a piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable, and
valuable during the time it was produced, it may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing
of time. Other information may have been found accurate, reliable, and produced or acquired.
While a piece of information may have been found accurate, reliable, and valuable during the time
was produced, it may become irrelevant and inaccurate with the passing of time. Other information
may be timeliness, proven to be the same in reliability, accuracy, and value throughout history.

TYPES OF LIBRARIES
- Libraries are often classified in 4 groups, namely: academic, public, school and special. These
libraries may be either digital or physical in form.
a. Skills in accessing information from libraries – due to the wealth of information in a library, it is
the important to know the following:
1. The access tool to use.
2. How the information being accessed may be classified.
3. The depth of details required- some libraries provide only an abstract of the topic.
4. More detailed information might required membership or some conformity to set rules of
the sources.
b. Characteristics of libraries in terms of reliability, accuracy and value- libraries of published
books are often considered highly reliable, accurate, and valuable. Books and documents from
dominant sources are often peer reviewed. ISSN or ISBN registration ensured that standards
were followed in producing these materials.

DETERMINING THE RELIABLITY OF INFORMATION

a. Check the author. The author’s willingness to be identified is a good indication reliability.
b. Check the date of publication or of updates. While the information may be true, it may not be
reliable if it is outdated and may have lost relevance.
c. Check the citations. Reliable authors have the discipline of citing sources of their information.

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 d. Check the domain or owner of the site or page. The domains .edu or .gov are reserved for
academic institutions and the government respectively. Information from such sites are presented
with caution and are usually well-grounded. Site owners may have an agenda that affects the
manner by which information is presented.
e. Check the site design and the writing styles. Credible sources take time to make their information
accessible and easy to comprehend.

SKILLS IN DETERMINING ACCURATE INFORMATION

a. Look for facts.
b. Cross-reference with other sources to check for consistency.
c. Determine the reason for writing and publishing the information. Check if the author is objective of
learning heavily on a certain point of view.
d. Check for advertising. Advertisers may use related information to market their products.

IMPORTANCE OF INDIGENOUS MEDIA AND INFORMATION

 Popular media cannot reach some rural areas. While print, broadcast, and new media have a wide
reach, there are still areas that these forms of media have not reached.
 Indigenous media and information are highly credible because they are near the source and are
seldom circulated for profit.
 Indigenous media are channels for change, education, and development because of its direct
access to local channels.
 Ignoring indigenous media and information can result in development and education programs that
are irrelevant and ineffective.
 Forms of indigenous media and their local examples:
a. Folk or traditional media
b. Gatherings and social organizations
c. Direct observation
d. Records – may be written, carved, or oral
e. Oral instruction

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APPLICATION

Directions: Choose one news and complete the table below. Make sure to attach the news article.

Selection Criteria Questions to ponder Answer

RELIABILITY What are the details of this piece
of news? Which of these details
can be verified in other source?
Could these details be true? Why
or why not?
ACCURACY Which of these facts are
measurable? How were they
derived? Was the article written in
an objective manner? Is the
article written with care?
VALUE Consider the audience of the
article? Who would find this article
valuable?
AUTHORITY Who wrote the article? How is the
author related to the article? What
was his source? Are the sources
properly cited? What is the
reputation of the author? Is he
known for some biases?
TIMELINESS When was the article written? Is it
possible that some of the
infornation in the article has
changed in time? If yes, would
the change have any effect on the
conclusion of the article?

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 POST TEST

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

A.

A. Reliablity of information B. Accuracy of information C. Value of information

D. Authority of the source E. Timeliness

1. It aids the user in making or improving decisions.

2. It refers to the trustworthiness of the source.

3. Gathering the details daily, does not come from a primary source only but are passed on through
secondary sources such as writers, reporters, and etc.

4. Reliability, accuracy, and value of information may vary due to its time it was produced or acquired.

5. It refers to the closeness of the report to the actual data. Measurement of accuracy varies, depending on
the type of information being evaluated.

B.

6. There are 4 groups which library is being classified. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
A. Academic C. Society
B. Public D. School

7. Which of the following will help you to access more the information in library?
A. Alphabetical Order C. Dates published
B.The depth of details. D. Author’s name

8. How would you determine the reliability of the information?

A. Check the cover of the book C. Check the place where it is published
B. Check the font of the book D. Check the date of publication or of updates

9-10. Which of the following are forms of indigenious media

A. Folks C. Writing
B. Watching D. Oral Instruction

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ACTIVITY SHEETS

Directions: Write an essay on the topic “How do people find information that matches my needs?”

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 Rubrics

Criteria 4 3 2 1

There is one clear,

There is one clear,
wellfocused topic. Main
wellfocused topic. Main
ideas are
Focus & ideas are There is one topic. The topic and main
clear and are well
Details clear but are not well Main ideas are ideas are not clear.
supported by
supported by detailed somewhat clear.
detailed and accurate
information.
information.

The introduction is inviting,

states the main topic, and The introduction states
The introduction
provides an overview of the the main topic and There is no clear
states the main
Organization paper. Information is provides an overview of introduction, structure,
topic. A conclusion
relevant and presented in a the paper. A conclusion or conclusion.
is included.
logical order. The is included.
conclusion is strong

The author uses vivid

The author uses vivid The writer uses a
words and phrases.
words and phrases. The The author uses limited vocabulary.
The choice and
. choice and words that Jargon or clichés
placement of words is
Word Choice placement of words seems communicate may be present and
inaccurate at times
accurate, natural, and not clearly, but the detract
and/or
forced. writing lacks variety. from the meaning.
seems overdone.

Most sentences are Sentences sound

Most sentences are
well awkward, are
well constructed and
constructed, but they distractingly repetitive,
All sentences are well have varied
have a or are
constructed and have structure and length.
Sentence similar structure difficult to understand.
varied The
Structure, and/or length. The
structure and length. The author makes a few
Grammar, The author makes author makes
author makes no errors in errors in
Mechanics, & several numerous errors
grammar, mechanics, grammar, mechanics
Spelling errors in grammar, in grammar,
and/or understanding, and/or
mechanics, mechanics, and/or
spelling. spelling,
and/or spelling that spelling that interfere
but they do not interfere
interfere with
with
with understanding. understanding

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