JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA

NAGRAKATA, JALPAIGURI

MATH AROUND US

Prepared by – Ashish Ranjan

Submitted to – Saurav Shine

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The project on the topic “Maths Around Us" has been presented as per the guidelines of CBSE. It
covers all the important aspects related to some Concept behind Math.
I have devoted a lot of efforts for this project. But it will not be successful without the kind support
and help of many individuals. So, I would like to extend my thanks to all of them.
I would like to thank my parents as they provided me with all the necessary help needed for the
project and friends for their cooperation and encouragement which helped me in the completion of
this project. I would like to express my gratitude and thank to my (TGT) Maths teacher Mr.
Saurav Shine who gave me the brilliant chance to research on this wonderful project which helped
me to think about numerous new things.
I also thank all the members who always boosted my moral and encouraged me during the
suggestion period of this project. It is hoped that this project work will fulfil the
expectations of CBSE and provide me guidance for my further improvement.

- Ashish Ranjan
MATH AROUND US

CONCLUSION
THEORY

USES
INTRODUCTION
Prepared by – Ashish Ranjan
INTRODUCTION
Definition of Math
Mathematics is a systematic and abstract field of study
that deals with the properties, relationships, and
manipulation of numbers, quantities, shapes, and patterns.
It is a fundamental branch of science that provides a
framework for understanding and solving various real-
world problems and phenomena. Mathematics encompasses a
wide range of subfields, including arithmetic, algebra,
geometry, calculus, statistics, and more, each of which has
its own set of rules, concepts, and applications. It plays a
crucial role in various scientific, technological, and practical
endeavors, providing tools for modeling, analyzing, and
making predictions about the physical and abstract aspects
of the world.
 Purpose of Presentation
The purpose of a presentation on the history of mathematics can vary depending on
your specific goals and the context of the presentation are as follows:
1.Inform and Educate: One of the primary purposes could be to inform your
audience about the historical development of mathematics. You may want to
educate them about the key mathematicians, discoveries, and milestones that have
shaped the field over time.
2.Inspire and Appreciate: You can aim to inspire an appreciation for the beauty and
significance of mathematics by showcasing its rich history. Highlight the
contributions of great mathematicians and how their work has influenced our
understanding of the world.
3.Contextualize Modern Mathematics: By presenting the history of math, you can
help your audience understand how the mathematics they encounter today has
evolved from its historical roots. This can make modern mathematical concepts
more relatable.
4.Show Progression and Evolution: Illustrate how mathematical ideas and
techniques have evolved and built upon each other over time. This can help your
audience see the logical progression and development of mathematical thought.
 History Behind the Math
The history of mathematics is a rich and diverse story that spans thousands of years and
various civilizations. Like as follows:
1. Ancient Mathematics:
• The earliest mathematical records date back to ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, around
2000-3000 BCE. These early mathematicians worked on practical problems, such as
measurement and solving equations.
• Ancient Greece, particularly in the 6th to 4th centuries BCE, saw the emergence of
Euclidean geometry, the works of Pythagoras, and the beginnings of mathematical
rigor and proof.
2. Indian Mathematics:
• Indian mathematicians, notably Aryabhata and Brahmagupta, made significant
contributions in the 5th to 7th centuries CE, including the development of algebra and
the concept of zero.
3. Islamic Golden Age:
• During the Islamic Golden Age (8th to 13th centuries), scholars like Al-Khwarizmi
contributed to algebra and introduced the term "algebra" itself.
• The work of Omar Khayyam on algebraic equations and number theory is also notable.
Theory
 Geometry
Geometry is a fundamental branch of mathematics that deals with the study of shapes,
sizes, properties, and the relationships between objects in space. It has numerous practical
and theoretical applications in various fields of mathematics, science, engineering, and
everyday life. Here are some of the key uses of geometry in mathematics:
1.Euclidean Geometry: The study of traditional plane geometry, including points, lines,
angles, and polygons. It forms the foundation for many other branches of geometry.
2.Analytic Geometry: Analytic geometry combines algebra and geometry to represent
geometric objects as equations, making it possible to solve geometric problems algebraically.
It's the basis for the Cartesian coordinate system.
3.Calculus: Geometry is used in calculus to understand and analyze functions and their
behavior, such as the concepts of limits, derivatives, and integrals, which are essential for
mathematical modeling and physics.
4.Differential Geometry: This branch of geometry studies the geometry of curves and
surfaces. It's used in physics, particularly in the theory of relativity and in understanding
the geometry of spacetime.
 Trigonometry
Trigonometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with the
relationships between the angles and sides of triangles. It studies the
properties and behavior of trigonometric functions, such as sine, cosine,
and tangent, and how they can be used to solve various geometric and
real-world problems. Trigonometry is essential for understanding and
describing periodic phenomena, as well as for applications in fields like
geometry, calculus, physics, engineering, and more. It is a fundamental
branch of mathematics that plays a significant role in various scientific
and practical disciplines.
Similarity: Similarity refers to the condition Congruence: Congruence, on the other hand,
where two or more geometric figures have the same means that two or more geometric figures have the
shape but may have different sizes. When two same shape and the same size. In other words,
figures are similar, their corresponding angles are congruent figures are identical to each other in every
equal, and the ratios of the lengths of their way, including both shape and size. Congruence is
corresponding sides are proportional. The concept of often denoted using the symbol "≡" (congruence
similarity is often denoted using the symbol "∼" symbol).
(tilde). Key characteristics of congruent figures include:
Key characteristics of similar figures include: 1.Equal Shape: Congruent figures have the same
1.Equal Shape: Similar figures have the same shape, shape, which implies that their corresponding angles
which means corresponding angles are congruent. are congruent (equal).
2. Proportional Sides: The ratios of corresponding 2.Equal Size: Congruent figures have the same size,
side lengths are equal. For example, if two triangles meaning that their corresponding sides have the
are similar, then the ratio of the length of one side of same lengths.
the first triangle to the corresponding side of the 3.Exact Overlapping: Congruent figures can be
second triangle is the same for all corresponding superimposed (placed on top of each other) without
sides. any gaps or overlaps.
1.Scaling: You can transform one similar figure
into another by uniformly scaling (enlarging or
reducing) it.
 Mensuration
Mensuration is a branch of mathematics that deals with the measurement of geometric
figures and their properties, including the measurement of length, area, volume, and
other related quantities. It involves the application of mathematical principles and
formulas to calculate and quantify the size, shape, and extent of various two-
dimensional and three-dimensional objects.

In mensuration, common topics and calculations include finding the perimeter of

polygons, the area of shapes like triangles, rectangles, and circles, as well as the volume
of three-dimensional objects such as cubes, spheres, and cylinders. The field is
particularly important in practical applications like construction, engineering,
architecture, and various scientific disciplines where measurements of physical objects
and spaces are essential.
USES
 Uses in Architectures
Mathematics plays a crucial role in architectural design, as it provides
architects with the tools and principles needed to create functional,
aesthetically pleasing, and structurally sound buildings. Here are
several ways in which math is used in architectural design:

Proportions and Scale: Architects use

mathematical principles to determine the proportions
and scale of buildings, ensuring that they are
visually harmonious. The golden ratio, for example,
is often used to create aesthetically pleasing
Proportions in architectural elements.

Geometry: Geometry is fundamental in architectural design.

Architects use geometry to create precise floor plans, elevations, and
3D models. Geometry helps in defining angles, dimensions, and shapes
of architectural elements.
 Math in Nature
Mathematics plays a crucial role in understanding, describing, and
quantifying the natural world. Here are some key aspects of the role of
math in nature:
Quantification: Mathematics provides a precise language for
quantifying and measuring natural phenomena. It allows us to express
physical properties, quantities, and relationships with precision.
Modeling: Math is used to create models that represent various natural
processes. These models can help predict and explain phenomena in
fields like physics, chemistry, biology, and environmental science.
Predictive Power: Mathematical models in science often have predictive
power. For instance, in physics, equations derived from mathematical
principles can predict the behavior of physical systems, such as the
motion of celestial bodies or the behavior of fluids.
 Role of Math in Technology
Mathematics plays a foundational and indispensable role in technology. It serves
as the language and toolkit for understanding, designing, and implementing
technological innovations. Here are some key aspects of the role of math in
technology:
Coding and Programming: Mathematics is fundamental in the field of
computer science. Algorithms and programming are essentially the application of
mathematical logic and structures to create software and solve computational
problems.
Cryptography: Mathematical concepts, particularly number theory, are crucial
in the development of secure encryption algorithms. These algorithms protect
sensitive data in communication and data storage.
Data Analysis: Mathematical techniques and statistical methods are used to
analyze and interpret data. This is essential for making data-driven decisions in
various technological applications, from business intelligence to scientific research.
 Role of Math in Finance
Mathematics plays a fundamental and indispensable role in the field of finance.
Here are some key aspects of how math is used in finance:
Quantitative Analysis: Financial analysts and professionals use
mathematical techniques to quantify financial data. This involves calculations,
measurements, and the use of mathematical models to assess various financial
metrics, such as returns, risks, and valuations.
Risk Management: Math is essential for measuring and managing financial
risks. Concepts like probability theory and statistics are used to evaluate the
likelihood of adverse financial events and to construct risk models that help
organizations mitigate and prepare for potential losses.
Asset Valuation: Financial math is used to determine the value of various
financial assets, including stocks, bonds, real estate, and derivatives. Valuation
models, such as discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis, the Black-Scholes model,
and the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), are commonly used.
 Conclusion
In "Math Around Us," we have uncovered not just numbers and equations
but a profound and enduring connection between mathematics and our
world. It is a bridge to innovation, problem-solving, and a richer
understanding of the universe we inhabit. This project has highlighted that
math is not just around us; it is within us, shaping our thoughts, actions,
and the creative world. The Advantages of Mathematics in our life cannot be
described in words. It has opened new dimension to us. We cannot do a
single moment without mathematics. It helps us to solve difficult
mathematical problems. We cannot create any building, picture, furniture,
room, bridge, etc. We can compare between two with the help of mathematics.
Math is unavoidable. Without math, there would be no science, no music, no
art. There is no any place where mathematics is not used