IEECELEEEPGSLESE LESS uy ae eoveccece J ¢ SIIIIII ITS PRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous) (Apreoved by AICTE: Permanently AVM ty JNTUK Kakinata& Accredited by NIEAD 1-37 ADIVRead. Suampatem S147. Neat Pepa, EOD, AP 1h qONnSD) "282289, 252294, 252215 Fan (ORHS2) ~ 252332 | DEPARTME! IG 'T OF MECHANICAL ENGINEER Experiment No: Date: HEAT PIPE AIM: Study the heat transfer phenomenon and the compare the performance of heat Pipe with two geometrical si DESCRIPTION: lar pipes of copper and stainless steel. ‘A heat pipe is a very simple device without any moving part that can transfer heat energy over fairly large distance by using change of phase of working substance, It does not require any power input. It transfers large amount of heat through a small surface area with very little temperature difference for its one end to another. ‘A heat pipe is basically a sealed slender tube containing a wick structure Jined on the inner surface and a small amount of fluid such as water at saturated state. ‘The heat pipe comprises of three sections: evaporator section at one end, where heat is absorbed and fluid is vaporized, a condenser, and section at the other end, where the vepors condenses and heat is rejected, and the adiabatic direction through the central core and the wick, respectively. Presently, the heat pipe are used in several engincering applications e.g. cooling of micro electric circuit, power transistors, cryogenic targets in nuclear accelerators temperature contro! device, etc. ‘The experimental setup as shown in figure comprises of three identical (same diameter and same height) heat pipes. One of them is seamless pipe with copper and stainless steel. One end of these pipes is heated electrical heaters. Other end is exposed to small capacity water tank acting as heat sink. Each tank is provided with a thermometer to measure temperature of water four thermocouples are embedded along the length of each pipe to measure the temperature distribution. The power input to the heater can be varied through dimmer-stars and be measured by voltmeter and ammeter. Page |37PRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE 2 coccan gear nea MMonomous) THEORY The performance of heat pipes can be suaied by mewuring the temperature ransfer characterises of each pipe the loth ofthe pipe an Under sendy state foreach heat pipe Heat wansferred to water, Quem Cpw(T soekT init Experimental Procedure: Fill dhe known quantity of water in thee heatsinks and measure its initial temperature 2. Switch onthe mains and supply the same power input to each heater equipped with three pipes 13. Wait for steady state conditions and then note down readings of thermocouples connected to pipes 4. Measure the final temperature of water in tree heat sinks PECIFICATIONS 4) Stainless see! pi Diameter a the copper Pipe Gong Fea oF ne eat Mass of water heat sink, MA=O-TSkg b) Copper pip, a Diameter copper pipe Dur~ KA mm per pip ay eight of the copper pipe L= *S mm TT eee ee ee eee eee ‘Mass of water beat sink Mis OAT kg ae(eer nie seer) LELebdeddddty ‘i W) Be urate eCCeLeCeS > Goweaoe (53-32) . itt 8.aS # Mtp He CCI- 3D) wees af ppp. FF PRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE, (atonomens) an ‘DEPARTRIENT OF NECHARIEAT ENGINEERING Masefemmrionsih— MeOTESE ‘ops TALE: ages [RST ANTI Ee ot. ws STATE S| 7 Tope] wo [oe { Set | [5 [Rati Rarer ET t ae as, wo foe | aa Fal eeePRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous) (Standard saints ste pipe A: er ipa o hat in QeValay Sines solar water, Ques Cp (T fal T ais) A ‘Temperatures dsuibuion in het pine me A Tite, Tee, Tie, Tete (i coper het pipe Eneray input to eater in ine, QuValea Heat ransferred to water, Quem Cpw(T sn T isi B “Temperatures distribution in hea pipe Tote, Tet, Tey TM (Het pipe C: Energy input o heater nine For Skarwkeus steel Qe-Veleas Gor cy eat transfered vo water, fow copper pine Queme Cpa fT init) © Temperatures distribution in heat pipe Yoo, Tine, The, Time Be > wot Hore. succeulubty Study tue HST Phenomenon omc eotpane the performance OF heat pipe with tooo gesmel| Paget svital simiven pike, Oh coppet Om. chain leePRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous) 1 Aen PLAT Kaede & Aecreidy NIAD dele 01 Ah) ew feat NDA Vann HON BSNL HFN toe OUI! BIE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Experiment No: Date: PARALLEL FLOW/COUNTER FLOW HEAT EXCHANGERS AIM: To determine LMTD effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient for Parallel and counter flow heat exchanger THEORY: Heat exchanger is a device in which heat is transfer from one fluid to another ‘Common examples for heat exchangers are: 1, Condensers and boilers in steam plant 2. Inter coolers and pre heaters 3. Automobile radiators 4, Regenerators CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT EXCHANGERS: 1. Based on the nature of heat exchange process: A. Direct contact type — Here the heat transfer takes place by direct mixing of hot and cold fluids B, Indirect contact type — Here the two fluids are separated through a metallic ‘wall. Ex, Regenerators, Recuperators etc. Based on the relative direction of fluid flow: ‘A. Parallel flow heat exchanger ~ Here both hot and cold fluids flow in the same direction. B, Counter flow heat exchanger — Here hot and cold fluids flow in opposite directions. C. Cross flow heat exchanger — Here two fluids cross one another. Page| 59 iePRAG (Appeovet hy 18 LOGARTHEMIC ME ATLENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous) AICTY, Renvamenty Mata 6 INTUIK Katinas & Ac DW Rood, Soomyaem- S144N7, Neat Peypara 1. 1 6889) 282900, 292214, SDDS ANS) 2 io by NIA vst AP 000? OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AN TEMPERATURE DIFFEREN This is defined as the temperature difference which, If constant, would give the same rate of heat transfer as usually occurs under variable conditions of temperature difference. For Parallel flow: For Parallel flow: [|__| a Ty % Temp °C Te LMTD= (Tho Ln Tengih ofthe specimen (mm) Length of specimen (mm) ae (Thi - Te) 82-61 Tho = Teo Ln 62/01 Thi - Tet Where, 2 = higher temperature difference 61 = lower temperature difference The Too = O1 Outlet temperature of hot fluid jutlet temperature of cold fluid Thi = Inlet temperature of hot fluid Ta = Inlet temperature of cold fluid Page : "le Too | 60rpetel olslakios - lle! eso oh = GE gis; mer te gle cps cme = NBEL THIGH BEARS The! We Te = SHG; Tors gee 4 Med -wonley from thal water Bh = eb Coh Ch Tho) > Ger wieee Cons wo) + SB au tee Fed quined from cold aber °. + mace (Te Tei} PASUREE (Neu = BN) = 202, EH Pitake of teat tronsioe; @ = tetas Re.YE few TUM: Bad JrtBoi0) where, Oye Tes wud me ae By shen Ty WBE = 89% estos Rea H fea of tube Ae Med = m9 o.c5 F osu 8 o £20.70 95 SERED ILE LEE ELI Il LLL SS doerall het Uoneter co-etftetent | Uy + # RHecltweness;, « yabeiobeolietig Che muon = GOeIRERE BIO D eyo Ce + Meth = AER MBE = SITE wot = canes, COCCI ET = DDEFARTMENT OF MECTARICAT PRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous) QUAND ‘sane asneme €-@/O Whee ats mane mio mf ancl opie eewntey Taw 5 PFE Uegls Mee BO MYls ; ep > coe = 4iBG.e 1 hak WMC The: un.g'e Tei FINKE 5 Tens BEa'e F teat tromstey Trem hot wader @ = Top th CThi- Tho) t “TOXUBE CUS Ung: Foo. 3BLIew F teat Hhed from cold uedher Bes meer. C Teo - Tea} * Box UIwe g(6xe4~sus) = TOR. 382 Kw Rate of heal transfer, Q = Bote s got we tw x Blmip: B.-9, dn C3) where, O12 The Tey = U6 24g © Wwe Bat Ti-Teo = ur-aeg = pire Lm D = 7.auq Aven of tue Eube, A= Todi) Tx db. onc¥Hle = DOTERAL wh overall Need transfer welFatenty joan FOL. Bex ID nel unto) Sete O-OSeBtT HT. AUG tg etos lim) ie ¥ Elfectipaness i- ey oe = 2a30% che mhtfh: TOKNIELE hee. Cet omethe 2 BOA MIBBE SENAYwy, ¢ € SAN bop PRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous) Jo JHIUK. Kakinads & Accreited by NAD (Apnraved by AICTE, Permancenly Ai TTA ADI Rood, Surampatem- 811.407, Heae Pedlopuram 6G Di. AP 09) 949999, 252904, 25995 Fan (ORNS) = 252232 arene Pie ama DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGIN! RING Description of the apparatus: ‘The hot fluid The apparatus consists of n concentric tube heat exchanger. namely hot water is obtained frony the geyser (heat enpacity 3KW) & it flows through the inner tube, The cold fluid i.e cold water can be admitted at any one of the ends ‘enabling the heat exchanger to nin as a parallel flow or as counter flow exchanger. Measuring jar used for measure flow rate of cold and hot water. This can be adjusted by operating the different valves provided. ‘Temperature of the fluid can be measured jtal display indicator, the outer tube is provided with using thermocouples with insulation to minimize the heat loss to the surroundings. SPECIFICATIONS: Specimen material : Copper tube Size of the specimen 2 12,5mm x 1500mm long Outer shell material :G1 Size of the outer shell 240mm Geyser capacity 2 1Ltr, 3KW PROCEDURE: 1. First switch ON the unit panel 2. Start the flow of the cold water through the annulus and run the exchanger as. counter flow or parallel flow ‘Switch ON the geyser provided on the panel & allow to flow through the inner tube by regulating the valve. Adjust the flow rate of hot water and cold water by using rotameters and valves. Keep the flow rate same till steady state conditions are reached. 6. Note down the temperatures on hot and cold water sides. Also note the flow rate, 7. Repeat the experiment for different flow rates and for different temperatures. ‘The same method is followed for parallel flow. Page | 62 'oaeraCOL ELIE EEL aig: ULE L uu PRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous) (or TS ab Set Nein DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING row. Temperature of Foe ‘Sino [Hot woter flow | Cold water lw | Temperature of Ratemmig/s | Rate me, ko/s | col iter in °C Water in 2c Go as [sue [sey | ug | ue. ‘COUNTER FLOW. ‘Sno | Hot water law] Cold water Now | Temparature of Rate mmja/s” [Rate ma, sa/s | cold Temperature oF hot Water in°e a 30 ao sue[seq [ar | we z Equations used: 1. Heat raster from hot water = am Cy (Ti Ta) watts My mass Now rat ofhot water kgs Gye specific heat of hot water= 4186.84 2. Heat gained by the cold Mud 0, = mC (Too Ta) wats Mc= mass flow of cold uid, ky psf het of cold i 4186 S07euK Page| aeraZ ¢ PRAGATI ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous) apycvaty ACE, Peavy Ain NUK Kaka & Acted by NBA = Wane Anh Ren Soe S947 New Pinan, 20D AP ee Ph; (ONNS2) ~ 252299, 252234, 282235 Fax: (OARS2) ~ 252292 | DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING QEM+Q. watts 2 3. LMTD= 03-0; Ln 62/0) @1=Tyi— Tet and 0:= Tyo — Teo for parallel flow heat exchanger 1 = Tho — Tei and 02= Twi Teo for counter flow heat exchanger 4. Overall heat transfer coefficient based on outside surface area of inner tube Us= Q Wim? °K AoxLMTD Where, Ao = do 1m? dy = outer diameter of the tube = 0.0125m TS SOO OOLAIID ADS Sm 1= length of the tube 5. Effectiveness: Find Cy = myoph and Ce = meCpe Effectiveness = Tii—Tio if Cx $69 -¥EIaw , counter Here “702.30 2. ct mfr fora id is pa 0 SAE AUCL wwuntor fits we qos akw ss 3. Overall heat ansfercoetiient for parallel ow ist SURES. [rnd =e 44 Over heat raster coetiet for oun ow is. 1s HEL. VDE v0 (wh « Page |67 Ferenc