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Questions Part I

The document contains assignment questions related to fluid mechanics and hydraulic engineering. It includes questions about dimensions, dimensional analysis, similitude, dimensionless numbers, boundary layers, forces on plates from fluid jets, and hydraulic machines.

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tkrishna078
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17 views

Questions Part I

The document contains assignment questions related to fluid mechanics and hydraulic engineering. It includes questions about dimensions, dimensional analysis, similitude, dimensionless numbers, boundary layers, forces on plates from fluid jets, and hydraulic machines.

Uploaded by

tkrishna078
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS PART I

FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING


• Give the dimensions of (i) Force (ii) Viscosity (iii) Power and (iv) Kinematic Viscosity.
• Explain with example the term ‘Dimensionally Homogeneous Equation”
• What are the methods of dimensional analysis? Describe Rayleigh’s method of
dimensional analysis.
• Explain different types of similarities that must exist between a prototype and its model.
Define the term “Similitude”.
• What you mean by dimensionless numbers. Define and explain the numbers and derive
expressions for any two of them.
• A pipe of diameter 1.8 m is required to transport an oil of sp. Gr. 0.8 and viscosity 0.04
Poise at the rate of 4 m3/sec. Tests were conducted on a 20 cm diameter pipe using water
at 20°C. Find the velocity and rate of flow in the model if viscosity of water at 20 °C is
0.01 Poise.
• Find the expression for Power P, developed by a pump when P depends upon the head
H, the discharge Q and specific weight w of the fluid. Use Rayleigh’s method.
• What do you understand by the term boundary layer. Define ‘Laminar Boundary Layer’,
‘Turbulent Boundary Layer’, ‘Laminar Sub-layer and ‘Boundary Layer Thickness’. On
what factors Boundary Layer thickness depends?
• Prove that the momentum thickness and the energy thickness of a boundary layer flow
are respectively given by
𝛿 𝑢 𝑢 𝛿 𝑢 𝑢2
𝜃 = ∫0 (1 − 𝑈 ) 𝑑𝑦 and 𝛿 ∗∗ = ∫0 (1 − 𝑈 2 ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑈∞ ∞ 𝑈∞ ∞
Where 𝑢 = Velocity in boundary layer at a distance 𝑦
𝑈∞ = Free stream velocity
𝛿 = Boundary Layer Thickness
• Find the ratio of displacement thickness to momentum thickness and momentum
thickness to energy thickness for the velocity distribution in the boundary layer given
by
𝑢 𝑦 𝑦 2
= 2( ) − ( )
𝑈∞ 𝛿 𝛿
Where 𝑢 = Velocity in boundary layer at a distance 𝑦
𝑈∞ = Free stream velocity
𝛿 = Boundary Layer Thickness
• Find the displacement thickness momentum thickness and energy thickness for the
velocity distribution in the boundary layer given by
𝑢 3 𝑦 1 𝑦 3
= ( )− ( )
𝑈∞ 2 𝛿 2 𝛿
Where 𝑢 = Velocity in boundary layer at a distance 𝑦
𝑈∞ = Free stream velocity
𝛿 = Boundary Layer Thickness
• Obtain an expression for the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed vertical plate in
the direction of the jet.
• Show that the force exerted by a jet of water on an inclined fixed plate in the direction
of the jet is given by
𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝑎𝑉 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
Where 𝜌 = Density of water
a = Cross-sectional area of jet
V= Velocity of jet
𝜃 = Inclination of the plate with the jet.
• Prove that the force exerted by a jet of water on a fixed semi-circular plate in the
direction of the jet when the jet strikes at the centre of the semi-circular plate is two
times the force exerted by the jet on a fixed vertical plate.
• Find the force exerted by a jet of water of diameter 100 mm on a stationary flat plate,
when the jet strikes the plate normally with a velocity of 30 m/s.
• A jet of water of diameter 50mm moving with a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a fixed plate
in such a way that the angle between the jet and the plate is 60°. Find the force exerted
by the jet on the plate (i) in the direction normal to the plate and (ii) in the direction of
the jet.
• A jet of water of the diameter 100 mm moving with a velocity of 30 m/s strikes a curved
fixed symmetrical plate at the centre. Find the force exerted by the jet of water in the
direction of the jet, if the jet is deflected through an angle of 120° at the outlet of the
curved plate.
• A jet of water of the diameter 100 mm with a velocity of 20 m/s strikes a curved fixed
plate tangentially at one end at an angle of 30° to the horizontal. The jet leaves the plate
at an angle of 20° to the horizontal (deflection angle 160°). Find the force exerted by
the jet on the plate in the horizontal and vertical direction.
• Define the terms: Hydraulic machines, Turbines and Pumps. Explain the terms gross
head, head loss and net head as they are applied to turbines. What is the expression of
head loss through penstock?
• Draw a neat schematic layout diagram of a hydraulic power plant and briefly describe
its components.

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