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TLE-ICT-10-Q4-INC-Week1-4 - (Key Concepts) - 012724

The document discusses different types of computer networks categorized by size and technology. It defines personal area networks, local area networks, wireless local area networks, campus area networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area networks, global area networks, and virtual private networks. The document also covers common network topologies including mesh, ring, bus, and star networks. Finally, it lists some common tools used for networking like loopback plugs, cable testers, network multimeters, wire strippers, crimpers, and punchdown tools.

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289 views8 pages

TLE-ICT-10-Q4-INC-Week1-4 - (Key Concepts) - 012724

The document discusses different types of computer networks categorized by size and technology. It defines personal area networks, local area networks, wireless local area networks, campus area networks, metropolitan area networks, wide area networks, global area networks, and virtual private networks. The document also covers common network topologies including mesh, ring, bus, and star networks. Finally, it lists some common tools used for networking like loopback plugs, cable testers, network multimeters, wire strippers, crimpers, and punchdown tools.

Uploaded by

Vina Tome
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10

TLE – ICT – CSS


Quarter 4 – Module 1-4:
Computer Networking

Many network administrators keep hearing that the network is down


because of some or the other reason. Various researches indicate that in many
cases, the network is down on account of inferior cabling systems. Installing
standard structured cabling systems can eliminate much of this downtime.

A network is two or more computers connected to share resources. In


general term, network can refer to any interconnected group or system. In other
words, network is a method of sharing information between two systems.
Computers are networked according to certain protocols, such as TCP/IP, which
are the rules or standards that allow computers on the network to communicate
with one another.

What is It

Types of Network

Networks can be categorized by several methods, including the technology


used and the size of the network. When networks are categorized by size or physical
area they cover, these are the categories used:

1. Personal Area Network (PAN) – consists of personal devices


communicating at close range such as a cell phone and notebook
computer. PANs can use wired connections (such as USB or
FireWire) or wireless connections (such as Bluetooth or infrared). The
reach of a PAN is typically at least about 20-30 feet (approximately 6-9
meters), but this is expected to increase with technology
improvements.

1
Figure 2: Personal Area Network

2. Local Area Network (LAN) – covers a small local area such as a home,
office, other building, or small group of buildings. LANs can use wired
(most likely Ethernet) or wireless (most likely Wi-Fi, also called 802.11)
technologies. A LAN is used for workstations, servers, printers, and
other devices to communicate and share resources.

Figure 3: Local Area Network

3. Wireless LAN (WLAN) – covers a limited geographical area and is


popular in places where networking cables are difficult to install, such
as outdoors, in public places, and in homes that are not wired for
networks. They are also useful in hotel rooms.

Figure 4: Wireless Local Area Network

2
4. Campus Area Network (CAN) – a computer network made up of an
interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a limited
geographical area. It can be considered one form of a metropolitan
area network, specific to an academic setting.

Figure 5: Campus Area Network

5. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – covers a large campus or city. (A


small MAN is sometimes called a CAN or campus area network.)
Network technologies used can be wireless (most likely LTE or WiMAX)
and/or wired (for example, Ethernet with fiber-optic cabling).

Figure 6: Metropolitan Area Network


6. Wide Area Network (WAN) –
covers a large geographical area and is made up of many smaller
networks. The best-known WAN is the Internet. Some technologies
used to connect a single computer or LAN to the Internet include DSL,
cable Internet, satellite, cellular WAN, and fiber optic.

Figure 7: Wide Area Network

3
7. Global Area Network (GAN) – specification is in development by
several groups, and there is no common definition. In general,
however, a GAN is a model for supporting mobile communications
across an arbitrary number of wireless LANs, satellite coverage areas,
etc. The key challenge in mobile communications is "handing off" the
user communications from one local coverage area to the next. In
IEEE Project 802, this involves a succession of terrestrial WIRELESS
local area networks (WLAN).

Figure 8: Global Area Network

8. Virtual Private Network (VPN) – a computer network in which some


of the links between nodes are carried by open connections or virtual
circuits in some larger network (e.g., the Internet) instead of by
physical wires. The data link layer protocols of the virtual network are
said to be tunneled through the larger network when this is the case.
One common application is secure communications through the
public Internet, but a VPN need not have explicit security features,
such as authentication or content encryption.

Figure 9: Virtual Private Network

Network Topology

The physical arrangement of the connections between computers is called


the network topology or the physical topology.

Types of Network Topology

4
1. Mesh Network
In a mesh network, each node (a computer or other device that
uses the network) on the network is responsible for sending and
receiving transmissions to any other node to which it wants to
communicate without a central point of communication. When
each node connects to every node on the network, the network is
called a fully connected mesh topology.

Figure 10: Mesh Network

2. Ring Network
In a ring network, nodes form a ring. Really old IBM Token Ring
networks worked by passing a token around the ring. This topology
is seldom used today because one down computer or a broken
cable can halt all communication on the ring.

Figure 11: Ring Network


3. Bus Network
Another old topology is a bus network whereby all computers
are connected in a sequential line. The bus network worked better
than a ring network because one down computer does not prevent
other computers from communicating on the bus. However, a
broken cable can still bring down an entire bus network.

Figure 12: Bus Network

5
4. Star Network
A star network uses a centralized device to manage traffic on the
network. This centralized device can be a switch or hub that offers
multiple network ports or wireless connections. (Hubs are not as
efficient as switches and no longer sold even though you might still
see a hub in use.) Star networks are almost totally used for LANs
today. An advantage of a star network is that one down computer
or one broken cable does not bring down the entire network. When
a star network uses multiple switches in sequence, the switches
form a bus network, and the network topology is called a star bus
network or a hybrid network.

Figure1 : Sta Network


3 r

What I Have Learned

Think back on something that you have learned from this Learner’s Material. Reflect
on the followi
ng questions stated inside the box.

I have learned that ____________________________________________________.


I have realized that ___________________________________________________.

I will apply ___________________________________________________________.

Lesson
COMMON TOOLS FOR
2 NETWORKING

6
What is It

List of Tools for Networking

Loopback Plug – can be used to test a network cable


or port. To test a port or cable,
connect one end of the cable to a
network port on a computer or another
device, and connect the loopback plug
to the other end of the cable. If the LED light on the
loopback plug lights up, the cable and port are good.

Cable Tester – is used to test a cable to find out if it is


good or to find out what type of cable it
is if the cable is not labeled. You can
also use a cable tester to locate the
ends of a network cable in a building.
A cable tester has two components, the
remote and the base.
Network Multimeter – is a multifunctional tool that
can test cables, ports, and
network adapters.

Wire Stripper – is used to build your own network


cable or repair a cable. Use the wire
stripper to cut away the plastic jacket
or coating around the wires inside a
twisted-pair cable so that you can
install a connector on the end of the
cable.

Crimper/Crimping Tool – is used to attach a


terminator or connector to
the end of a cable. It
applies force to pinch the
connector to the wires in
the cable to securely make
a solid connection.

Punchdown Tool – also called an impact tool, is used


to punch individual wires in a network
cable into their slots in a keystone RJ-45
jack that is used in an RJ-45 wall jack.

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