Environmental

Progress
Report

Covering fiscal year 2023

Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 2

Contents
Introduction Environmental Engagement and Appendix
3 Reflections from Lisa Jackson Initiatives Advocacy 85 A: Corporate facilities energy supplement
4 Report highlights Apple 2030 67 Approach 94 B: Apple’s life cycle assessment methodology
5 Goals and progress 11 Journey to Apple 2030 68 Listening to a range of voices 96 C: Assurance and review statements
12 Approach 69 Achieving change together 107 D: Environment, Health and Safety Policy
15 Design and materials 73 Supporting communities 109 E: ISO 14001 certification
24 Electricity worldwide 111 Report notes
32 Direct emissions 112 End notes
35 Carbon removal Data
Resources 77 Greenhouse gas emissions
39 Approach 78 High quality carbon certificates
40 Product longevity 79 Carbon footprint by product
45 Material recovery 81 Energy
48 Water 82 Resources
52 Zero waste 83 Normalizing factors
Smarter Chemistry
58 Approach
59 Mapping
61 Assessment
63 Innovation
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 3

Reflections
Apple’s commitment to climate action has That’s why we’re partnering directly with communities and local We’re also finding new and better ways to get Apple products into
never been more clear. organizations to support environmental solutions where they’re people’s hands. It’s not just trains, planes, and automobiles —
needed most. In 2023, that meant expanding our Power for Impact increasingly, we’re shipping Apple products on the open seas,
program to bring clean energy to underserved communities in because ocean freight can reduce emissions by as much as
Thanks to the hard work of teams across our company, we’ve Nepal and Colombia, and supporting programs that increase 95 percent compared to air transport. And we continue to restore
reduced our emissions by over 55 percent since 2015. We’ve access to safe water and sanitation in India. our planet’s ecosystems — like the Atlantic Forest, which stretches
crossed key milestones on our environmental journey. And we’re from Brazil to Paraguay — that play a key role in removing carbon
rising to the generational challenge of climate change by working We’re also building our products with more recycled and renewable from the atmosphere.
with companies and communities that span the globe. material than ever — work that helps to drive down our carbon
footprint. Our customers play an important role in this effort. What does all this work add up to? Progress. And that progress is
Apple 2030 is our commitment to be carbon neutral for our entire When you participate in the Apple Trade-In program, you’re helping sorely needed, because the impacts of climate change are all around
footprint by the end of the decade. We’ll get there by innovating to bring us closer to the day our products will be made without us. Its frontlines are not in boardrooms or government buildings —
at every stage of the product lifecycle — from how they’re made, taking anything from the Earth. they’re in communities. And we owe it to our global community
to what they’re made from. to rise to the challenge of climate change with all the innovation,
The proof is in our products. Last year, more than 20 percent of empathy, and commitment we can muster.
That starts with bringing new clean energy online across our supply the materials we shipped in Apple products came from recycled
chain. Today, more than 320 suppliers have committed to using sources. MacBook Air is our first product made with more than Lisa Jackson
renewable electricity for Apple production. With over 16 gigawatts 50 percent recycled material, and we’re making important strides VP, Environment, Policy and Social Initiatives
already online, they’re avoiding more than 18 million metric tons across all of our products. The iPhone 15 lineup, Apple Watch
of greenhouse gas emissions. Series 9, and Apple Watch Ultra 2 use 100 recycled cobalt in their
batteries. More than 99 percent of the tungsten in our products
Our teams and suppliers are a part of so many communities, comes from recycled sources. And we’re driving innovation
so Apple’s work to protect the planet takes us around the world. around the world to improve the way our industry recycles
and recovers materials.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 4

Report highlights
Reduced our overall Introduced our most Advocated for Increased our use of
emissions by more significant product emissions reporting transparency recycled materials
than 55 percent reductions to-date As part of our commitment to We’re making steady progress on our
greenhouse gas emissions disclosures, journey toward using only recycled and
We reduced our overall greenhouse gas Innovations in design and clean energy drove
we endorsed the landmark California renewable materials in our products.
emissions across scopes 1, 2, and 3 by dramatic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
Climate Corporate Data Accountability In 2023, 22 percent of the materials
more than 55 percent compared with our for the fall Apple Watch lineup — the most significant
Act (CA SB 253) to improve transparency we shipped in Apple products came
2015 baseline year — not including offsets.1 from our business-as-usual scenario.2 This included
and drive progress in the fight against from recycled sources.4 This includes,
In that same time period, revenue grew 100 percent clean energy for manufacturing and
climate change. 99 percent of tungsten, 71 percent of
by 64 percent. We estimate that we’ve product use, 30 percent recycled and renewable
aluminum, 52 percent of cobalt, 25 percent
avoided 31 million metric tons of emissions material by weight, and 50 percent shipping without Read more on page 71. of gold, and 24 percent of lithium
through reduction efforts like transitioning our the use of air transportation.3
supply chain to renewable electricity in our products.5
Read more on page 9.
and sourcing recycled content. Read more on page 17.
Read more on page 14.

MacBook Air is the More than 320 suppliers Launched Grid Forecast
first Apple product committed to renewable In the contiguous United States, we
made with 50 percent electricity introduced Grid Forecast, a new tool
in the Home app on Apple devices.
recycled content As of March 2024, more than 320 suppliers This tool shows customers when cleaner
This includes 100 percent recycled have committed to sourcing renewable electricity is available from the grid,
aluminum in the enclosure, 100 percent electricity for Apple production, representing empowering them with information
recycled rare earth elements in all 95 percent of our direct supplier spend. to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
magnets and, in another first for Apple, We’ve accelerated progress with a mandate Read more on page 30.
100 percent recycled copper in the main in our Supplier Code of Conduct for all direct
logic board.
suppliers to transition to renewable energy
Read more on page 16. in the manufacturing of Apple products.

Read more on page 27.

Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 5

Goals and progress

Emissions Materials Resources

Goals Progress Highlights Goals Progress Highlight Goals Progress Highlight

Become carbon neutral for Achieved We achieved carbon neutrality Use only recycled and Ongoing In 2023, 22 percent of the Replenish all our corporate Ongoing We’ve partnered on freshwater
our corporate operations. in 2020 by expanding energy renewable materials in our material we shipped in our freshwater withdrawals replenishment projects resulting
efficiency initiatives, sourcing products and packaging, and products came from recycled in high-stress locations in 31.2 million gallons of
100 percent renewable enhance material recovery. or renewable sources, and by 2030.14 volumetric water benefits.
electricity for Apple facilities, we also added titanium to our
and investing in high-quality priority materials list in 2023.9
Certify all Apple-owned data Ongoing We’ve certified five data
carbon credits to offset the
centers to the Alliance for centers since 2021, and 20
remaining hard-to-decarbonize
Transition to 100 percent Ongoing In 2023, 56 percent of the Water Stewardship (AWS) suppliers since 2017 to the
corporate emissions.
recycled cobalt, tin, gold, cobalt shipped in Apple- Standard by 2025.15 AWS Standard.
and rare earth elements designed batteries came
Achieve carbon neutrality for Ongoing Since 2015, we’ve reduced in select components and from recycled sources.11 Through our program,
Expand and grow supplier New
our entire carbon footprint emissions by over 55 percent applications by 2025.10 we’ve supported an average
participation in the Supplier
by 2030 — reducing related across our value chain. 42 percent reuse rate
Clean Water Program,
emissions by 75 percent across our 242 participating
Remove plastics from our Ongoing Our product packaging prioritizing high water
compared with 2015.6 supplier facilities.
packaging by 2025.12 shipped in 2023 contains only stress locations and driving
3 percent plastic — down from participants to an average
Transition our entire Ongoing As of March 2024, more than 21 percent in 2015.13 50 percent water reuse rate
value chain, including 320 suppliers have committed by 2030.16
manufacturing and product to use 100 renewable energy
use, to 100 percent clean for their Apple production. Our corporate facilities waste
Eliminate waste sent to Ongoing
electricity by 2030.7 These suppliers account diversion rate increased to
landfill from our corporate
for 95 percent of Apple’s 74 percent, driven by progress
facilities and our suppliers.
direct spend for materials, at our data centers.
manufacturing, and assembly
Throughout 2023, 100 percent
of our products worldwide.8
of established final
assembly sites maintained
zero-waste-to-landfill operations.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 6
Overview 
Apple 2030
Journey to Apple 2030
Approach
Design and materials
Electricity
Direct emissions
Carbon removal
Resources
Approach
Product longevity
Material recovery
Water
Zero waste
Smarter Chemistry
Approach
Mapping
Assessment
Innovation

Environmental Focus on the future

More than 38 percent

Initiatives
of manufacturing electricity
for iPhone 15 Pro and
iPhone 15 Pro Max is
sourced from our supplier
clean energy projects.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 7
Apple 2030
Resources
Smarter Chemistry

Environmental Initiatives
Apple 2030 Resources Smarter Chemistry
Apple 2030 is our commitment to be carbon We aim to make durable, long-lasting products Through chemistry innovation and material
neutral for our entire carbon footprint. Our and enhance material recovery. And we’re selection, we design our products to be safer
journey to 2030 is focused on first reducing committed to stewarding water resources for anyone who assembles, uses, or recycles
our scope 1, 2, and 3 greenhouse gas emissions and eliminating waste sent to landfills. them — and to be better for the environment.
by 75 percent compared with 2015, and
investing in high-quality carbon removal Product longevity Mapping
Material recovery Assessment
solutions for the remaining emissions.
Water Innovation

Design and materials Zero waste

Electricity17
Direct emissions
Carbon removal
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 8
Apple 2030
Journey to Apple 2030
Approach
Design and materials
Electricity
Direct emissions
Carbon removal
Resources
Smarter Chemistry
The time for change
The significant emissions
reductions associated
with the Apple Watch
lineup mark a milestone
toward our 2030 goal.

Apple 2030
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 9
Apple 2030
Resources
Smarter Chemistry

An ambitious goal for 2030: Our journey to 2030 centers on reducing our scope 1, 2, and 3
emissions first — upstream and downstream — by 75 percent
before balancing remaining emissions with high-quality

We committed to be carbon carbon removals.

neutral for our entire

We’ve already reduced emissions by more than emissions that can’t be further reduced, we
55 percent since 2015, even as revenue grew by primarily look for high-quality, nature-based credits.
64 percent during that same eight-year period. We invest in carbon sequestration and removal

carbon footprint by the

projects to help us achieve carbon neutrality.
We’re focused on decarbonizing the three largest
sources of emissions — materials, electricity, and Decarbonizing our supply chain is essential to
transportation — across our value chain. We’re achieving Apple 2030. We’ve focused on innovative

end of the decade.

prioritizing efforts to drastically reduce these approaches to significantly expand renewable
emissions with initiatives focused on achieving energy across our supply chain and manufacture
the broadest impact before applying offsets. For our products with recycled and renewable materials.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 10
Apple 2030
Resources
Smarter Chemistry

Decarbonizing our value chain We’re also working to address emissions from impacts, even when those materials come with Transportation on carbon sequestration, like planting forests and
product use through investments in renewable notable challenges to building circular supply chains. In 2023, transporting our products to customers restoring mangroves, and have additional benefits
Electricity
energy so that every watt of electricity associated To read more about our efforts to create circular accounted for 9 percent of our gross carbon that improve climate adaptation and resilience.
Electricity for manufacturing and charging devices
with our customers’ product use is matched by supply chains, see the Prioritizing our efforts section. footprint. To address the emissions from
represents the largest source of Apple’s emissions
clean electricity. We’re prioritizing product efficiency We intentionally design products to minimize the use transportation, we’re shifting more product volume Transparency and integrity are critical to the
across all product lines. Achieving carbon neutrality
to reduce the electricity use of our products. of primary (non-recycled) materials and maximize to shipping modes that are less carbon intensive carbon projects that we fund. The credits from
for our entire carbon footprint requires a transition
recycled content as feasible. And year over year, than air transport, such as ocean or rail. Shipping the these investments must be additional, permanent,
to 100 percent clean energy and significant energy
We’ve also introduced Grid Forecast, a tool in the we innovate and improve manufacturing processes same Apple product by ocean generates 95 percent measurable, and quantified — with systems in place
reductions throughout our supplier facilities.
Home app that informs U.S.-based users when their to use materials more efficiently and decrease fewer emissions than shipping it by air, based on our to avoid double-counting — and must avoid leakage.
power grid has cleaner energy available for use. And manufacturing scrap. carbon footprint methodology. We’re investigating To read more about our work in carbon removals,
We launched the Supplier Clean Energy Program in
with iOS 16, we launched the Clean Energy Charging a transition to low-carbon sustainable aviation fuels see Carbon removal and read our white paper,
2015 to advance renewable energy throughout our
feature in the United States, which looks at the In 2023, manufacturing our products accounted (SAF) to reduce the carbon footprint of air shipment. Apple’s Carbon Removal Strategy.
manufacturing supply chain. As of March 2024, more
sources of the electricity during expected charge for 59 percent of our gross carbon footprint. This We’re also addressing transportation-related
than 320 global suppliers — representing 95 percent
times and optimizes for when the grid is using includes emissions from fuel combustion; heating, emissions through product and packaging design
of Apple’s direct manufacturing spend — have joined
cleaner energy sources like solar or wind. ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC); refrigeration; that drives reduced packaging mass and volume,
the program. These suppliers have committed to
use of fluorinated gases; and other physical or creating boxes that use space more efficiently.
using 100 percent renewable electricity for all their
Materials chemical processes (excluding transportation).
Apple production by the end of this decade. The
We’ve advanced toward our 2030 goal by using These emissions sources vary widely and require Carbon removals
success of this initiative has led to the next phase
recycled and renewable materials, which often have use of diverse technologies and solutions to abate. Prioritizing emissions reductions across our entire
of our efforts toward achieving a carbon neutral
a lower carbon footprint than primary materials. value chain is critical to limiting climate change
supply chain by 2030.
And we announced that, by 2025, we plan to use Our approach is to identify process emissions across to 1.5°C. Still, not all emissions can be avoided or
100 percent recycled cobalt in all Apple-designed our supply chain, like the use of fluorinated gases reduced with existing solutions. And some existing
To rapidly scale and accelerate the progress
batteries, 100 percent recycled tin soldering, in display and semiconductor manufacturing, and solutions will require greater industry and government
of the Supplier Clean Energy Program, Apple
100 percent recycled gold plating in all Apple- launch targeted programs to address these emissions efforts to scale before broader commercial adoption
updated the Supplier Code of Conduct to require
designed rigid and flexible printed circuit boards, in partnership with our suppliers, governments, and becomes feasible. As we focus on eliminating the
all direct suppliers to transition to renewable
and 100 percent recycled rare earth elements industry stakeholders. We continue to launch supplier majority of emissions across the value chain, we’re
energy in the manufacturing of Apple products.
in all magnets across new products.18 programs targeting emissions from manufacturing also addressing emissions we can’t reduce by looking
The codification of this requirement is the next
operations and facilities used to produce Apple for high-quality carbon credits from nature-based
step in our decarbonization journey and a sign
We’ve pioneered the use of many recycled materials products, like the Supplier Energy Efficiency Program projects. The nature-based projects we select focus
of our commitment to integrate supply chain
in our products through world-class product launched in 2015 to help our suppliers optimize their
decarbonization into our core business decision-
engineering, extensive design qualifications, and energy use.
making. We hope that our approach can serve
supply chain engagement. Our focus is on materials
as a model that other companies can follow.
that will yield significant environmental and social
 Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 11
Apple 2030
Resources
Smarter Chemistry

Journey to Apple 2030

Where 2023 Where
we’ve been activities we’re going

Launched Codified Apple 2030

Restore Fund 100% renewable To be carbon
to advance energy
nature‑based
12.8M 70%+
mandate added
neutral for
devices and reduction
carbon removal accessories sent in average to our Supplier Goal our entire
projects to new users product energy Code of Conduct Transition footprint
for reuse from use since 2008 applicable to all to 100% fiber-based by 2030
programs like direct suppliers for packaging by 202520
Apple Trade In the manufacture of
and AppleCare Apple products
2015 2018 2020 2021 2022 2023 2025 2030

Goal
Use
100% recycled cobalt in all
Apple-designed batteries21
Launched
320+ 100% recycled tin soldering
Supplier Clean
suppliers are and 100% recycled gold
Energy and Energy Achieved Achieved 22% 20%
committed to plating in all Apple-designed
Efficiency Programs 100% renewable Carbon of the material reduction in
using 100% rigid and flexible printed
established to partner electricity neutrality shipped in emissions from
renewable energy circuit boards22
with global suppliers generated or for our corporate products came transporting
to reduce the energy sourced for operations and from recycled products for all Apple- 100% recycled rare earth
used to manufacture our corporate announced or renewable compared related production elements in all magnets
Apple products operations 2030 targets sources19 to 2022 by 2030 across all products23
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 12
Apple 2030
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Smarter Chemistry

Approach

Apple 2030
We have an ambitious commitment We’re also committed to working toward reaching APPLE 2030 ROADMAP

and a science-based plan to reach a 90 percent reduction in emissions from our 2015
baseline by 2050. Attaining deep decarbonization Addressing Apple’s carbon footprint
our Apple 2030 goal. We’re focused
will require a collective, worldwide effort. Entire through four pillars
on achieving reductions wherever industries and economies must decarbonize. And
possible, using approaches that while reaching a 90 percent reduction in emissions is
offer clear evidence for a way outside Apple’s or any one company’s control, we’re
committed to taking actions that support this goal.
forward while seeking to catalyze Design and materials Electricity Direct emissions Carbon removal
industry-wide change.
We’ve made significant progress by cutting emissions
Designing products and Increasing energy efficiency at Reducing direct greenhouse In parallel with our emissions
across our value chain by more than 55 percent since
This begins with working to achieve carbon manufacturing processes to be our facilities and in our supply gas emissions in our facilities reduction efforts, scaling up
2015. This started with our transition to sourcing
neutrality across our entire carbon footprint by 2030, less carbon intensive through chain, and transitioning the and our supply chain through investments in carbon removal
100 percent renewable electricity at our offices, retail
setting ambitious targets to reduce our emissions thoughtful material selection, electricity in our entire product process innovation, emissions projects, including nature‑based
stores, and data centers, which we achieved in 2018.
by 75 percent. We prioritize carbon reductions, increased material efficiency, value chain — including abatement, and shifting away solutions that protect and
And in 2020, we achieved carbon neutrality for our
but for emissions that can’t be mitigated using greater product energy manufacturing and our from fossil fuels restore ecosystems around
corporate emissions.25
existing solutions we invest in high-quality carbon efficiency, the use of recycled customers’ product use — to the world
removal projects. and renewable materials in our 100 percent clean electricity
products and packaging, and by 2030
Our goal to be carbon neutral extends to our enhanced material recovery
entire carbon footprint and is consistent with the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC)
recommendation for global carbon neutrality.24

>75 percent <25 percent of

emissions reduction footprint
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 13
Apple 2030
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Smarter Chemistry

Environmental progress can and should be good Clear principles guide this work. Our emissions APPLE’S PROGRESS TOWARD CARBON NEUTRALITY
for business. We underpin our climate strategy with reduction targets are aligned with what current
strong business principles and innovation while climate science shows is necessary to help limit Historical emissions Projected emissions To see our progress
harnessing the power of markets to replicate our warming to 1.5° C. We calculate our footprint across (illustrative only) toward our 2030 goal,
Avoided emissions
solutions at scale — aiming to create the impact our value chain to include both direct and product- Projected gross emissions see our Journey to Apple
Gross emissions
necessary to meet global reduction targets. We’re related emissions — from sourcing materials through Emissions offset Projected emissions offset 2030 timeline.
also working to accelerate the global transition end of life. We use the results of our detailed carbon Emissions range from

In our latest Annual Green
toward decarbonization while exploring the next accounting to adjust our Apple 2030 roadmap, which modeling uncertainty*
Bond Impact Report (PDF),
generation of solutions and advocating for stronger lays out our plan to become carbon neutral. And
we share progress on the
policies. These efforts include fostering new we’re committed to disclosing our carbon footprint projects funded in 2023.
and strengthened collaborations in public and as well as our climate strategy and progress. This
Read our latest
private partnerships and investing in technological means sharing both challenges and successes. Our
40 response to the CDP
advancements. We’ve issued $4.7 billion in annual Environmental Progress Report, as well as
Climate Change 2023
green bonds to model how businesses can drive our response to the global disclosure nonprofit CDP,
questionnaire (PDF).
investments to reduce global emissions. provide details on our progress. Goal

Transparency and disclosure are essential not only for

75% reduction
sharing our climate strategy and progress but also for in gross
sending clear signals and inviting others to work with 20 emissions
us. And progress needs to include low-income and from 2015
historically marginalized communities that too often
bear the brunt of climate change. We’re pursuing
ways to directly support these communities in our
climate programs. To learn more about our work, read
0 Goal
our feature on our Power for Impact program and our
feature on our Impact Accelerator program. To be carbon
neutral for our
Million metric tons entire footprint
CO2e per fiscal year 2015 2019 2023 2030 * Error bars: We’re continuously
refining our methodology to
Gross emissions 38.4 25.1 16.1 improve our carbon footprint
estimate. But there’s inherent
Carbon offsets/removal – – 0.5 uncertainty in modeling
product-related greenhouse
Net emissions 38.4 25.1 15.6 gas emissions, as illustrated by
the error bars in this graphic.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 14
Apple 2030
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Smarter Chemistry

Apple’s comprehensive carbon footprint

In 2023, we estimate that our TOTAL EMISSIONS Avoided emissions
Gross emissions
environmental programs avoided
15.6 Million Metric Tons Net Greenhouse Gas Emissions* Emissions offset
31 million metric tons of emissions across
all scopes. Initiatives that we’ve been Product footprint Corporate footprint * Net greenhouse gas emissions
growing for years continue to yield clear represents our total gross
footprint minus carbon offsets.
Supplier energy efficiency:
results, including sourcing 100 percent 1.7 million metric tons avoided
Percentages shown for each
emissions category represent
renewable energy for our facilities, the share of Apple’s gross
footprint. Totals add up to
Low-carbon materials**:
transitioning suppliers to renewable 5.8 million metric tons avoided
more than 100 percent due
to rounding.
energy, and using low-carbon materials ** Low-carbon materials
Supplier clean energy: represents emissions savings
in products.26 While our revenue has grown 18.5 million metric tons avoided
from transitioning to recycled
materials in our products and
by more than 64 percent since 2015, our using low-carbon aluminum, as
Direct emissions abatement: described on page 33.
gross emissions have decreased by more 2.7 million metric tons avoided † Clean energy represents
than 55 percent. Corporate Use of
savings from clean energy
procured by Apple or its
suppliers.
energy renewable
‡ Business operations includes
efficiency: electricity: business travel, commute, work
0.08 million 2.0 million from home, upstream impacts
Product use clean energy†: metric tons from scope 1 fuels, and third-
metric tons party cloud services.
0.05 million metric tons avoided avoided avoided
Low-carbon logistics:
0.2 million metric tons avoided

Emissions

Offsets
59% 29% 9% <1% <1% <1% 3%

Product Product use Product transport End-of-life Direct emissions Electricity Business
manufacturing (Scope 3) (Scope 3) product processes (Scope 1) (Scope 2) operations‡
(Scope 3) (Scope 3) (Scope 3)
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 15
Apple 2030
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Smarter Chemistry

Design and materials

We’re designing our products Approach 2023 progress
to be less carbon intensive by
22%
Innovation drives our efforts around circularity Working to positively influence the markets Design and materials addresses
prioritizing the use of recycled — from the materials we source and the product where we work, advocating for policy that emissions from:
content and low-carbon materials design choices we make to the recycling and enables circular supply chains, impacting
recycled or renewable
recovery innovations we pursue. We prioritize communities worldwide, and inspiring others
and focusing on the energy
the materials and components that account to follow suit — these are the opportunities that Product manufacturing Of the materials contained in
efficiency of our software and for significant portions of our greenhouse gas drive us through the challenging work of creating products that were shipped to stores
(Scope 3)
hardware. We’re working toward emissions. This means that the choices we make circular supply chains. and customers, 22 percent came
from recycled or renewable sources.
a future where every Apple product by product can scale toward reducing
our overall footprint. These priorities inform Prioritizing less carbon-intensive materials
product will be created from and
95%
our work to design for material efficiency and and components Product use
contribute to circular supply increase our use of recycled Focusing on those that account for significant (Scope 3)
chains. The design and material and renewable materials. portions of our greenhouse gas emissions
recycled titanium
choices we make across our
We aim to create products that use circular Designing products for material efficiency We introduced titanium to our priority
products will support reducing Product transport materials list, and in our fall models
supply chains to one day end reliance on mined Incorporating carbon emission profiles of the
our carbon footprint. resources while meeting our rigorous standards materials that go into our products (Scope 3) of Apple Watch Ultra 2, when paired
with Alpine Loop or Trail loop, we used
for quality, durability, performance, and
95 percent recycled titanium in the case.
environmental and social protections. We strive Increasing the use of recycled and
for efficiency in sourcing and utilizing materials, renewable materials
relying on recycled and renewable materials
for our products and packaging, and reducing
scrap. And we also maintain strict standards for
Ensuring their use across our products

Driving product energy efficiency

58%
less energy
responsibly sourcing materials from primary, Reducing energy use across our products
iMac uses 58 percent less energy
recycled, and renewable sources. Another part
than the ENERGY STAR requirement.*
of what makes our goals possible is the recycling
innovations we’re developing to enhance
* Energy consumption and energy efficiency values are based
material recovery. We hope our actions inspire
on the ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Computers,
others to support building circular supply chains. including the max energy allowance for iMac. For more
information, visit www.energystar.gov. ENERGY STAR and
the ENERGY STAR mark are registered trademarks owned
by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. For more
information on the power consumption of iMac, read the
Product Environmental Report.
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Using recycled materials

to lower our product
We’re addressing carbon impact by how we source
recycled aluminum, too. Our first priority is to recover
TRANSITIONING TO RECYCLED CONTENT

Mac Studio now uses 100 percent

68%
any of our own scrap at high quality. Then, we look
carbon footprint to other postindustrial and postconsumer sources recycled aluminum in its enclosure
Switching to recycled and
low-carbon aluminum has
We’re reducing the carbon footprint of our products for high-quality recycled aluminum because recycled decreased our greenhouse
through the materials we select. Our strategy is to aluminum manufacturing emits less carbon than gas emissions associated
with aluminum by
transition to materials that are manufactured using newly mined materials. These emissions reduction
68 percent since 2015.
low-carbon energy and recycled content. We’ve efforts have reduced our aluminum-related emissions
prioritized the materials and components that make by 68 percent since 2015 and now represent
up a large part of our product carbon footprint to less than 9 percent of our product manufacturing
move us closer to our goal of carbon neutrality. footprint, compared with 27 percent in 2015.
And to accelerate collective efforts, we signed
on as a founding member of First Movers Coalition’s In 2023, we expanded our use of certified recycled
near-zero emissions primary aluminum commitment cobalt, steel, gold, and aluminum — materials that
for 2030 (see more on page 70). typically have significant carbon footprints. We
introduced 100 percent certified recycled cobalt for
Our use of aluminum exemplifies Apple’s the first time in the battery of Apple Watch
comprehensive approach: We’re transitioning to and iPhone.27 And we increased the content of
recycled content, and where we haven’t yet, we’re certified recycled gold across all product lines —
moving to low-carbon suppliers and exploring from 4 percent in 2022 to approximately 25 percent
technological innovations to decarbonize — like in 2023. This includes everything from the gold
ELYSIS aluminum, which was smelted without plating on multiple printed circuit boards to new
generating greenhouse gas emissions (see page 33). applications such as the USB-C connector
We’ve continued to introduce 100 percent recycled on iPhone 15.
aluminum in the enclosures of Apple products: Mac
Studio now uses 100 percent recycled aluminum
in its enclosure — joining Apple Watch Series 9,
Apple Watch SE, iPad, MacBook Air, Mac mini,
the Siri Remote, and MacBook Pro. In addition, the
new iMac contains 100 percent recycled aluminum
in the stand. And with iPhone 15, we’ve increased
recycled content by using 75 percent recycled
aluminum in the enclosure.
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Prioritizing our efforts Our efforts focus on 15 materials that we’ve us to scale our use of materials that are better for Key challenges to developing
We’re making progress toward our goal of sourcing
prioritized based on a broad range of environmental, the environment and safer for use in our products. circular supply chains
social, and supply chain impacts. (These are outlined Recycled material is certified by third parties to a
only recycled or renewable materials in our products:
in detail in our Material Impact Profiles white paper.32) recycled content standard that conforms with ISO
In 2023, 22 percent of the materials contained in
Some of the materials prioritized through this process 14021. Total recycled content numbers also include
products that were shipped to stores and customers
include lower-mass but higher-impact materials like supplier reported recycled content checked by
came from recycled or renewable sources.28 Technical properties Traceability
gold. Our priority materials include aluminum, cobalt, Apple but not third-party certified.
copper, glass, gold, lithium, paper, plastics, rare earth The properties of a certain recycled or renewable Information about the source of materials
And we’re on track to meet our key material goals. materials may differ from the primary material. — whether mined, recycled, or renewable
elements, steel, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten, and Our teams are overcoming obstacles to creating
By 2025, we plan to: This needs to be accounted for during product — might not be readily available.
zinc, and they account for 87 percent of the total closed loop supply chains, including material
product mass shipped to our customers in 2023. performance and traceability. This is possible design and manufacturing. For example, select
• Use 100 percent recycled cobalt in all recycled plastics differ in properties from other
through our work with a diverse group of
Apple-designed batteries.29 plastics. The composition of other recycled materials
Maintaining our standards for recycled and renewable partners. For example, we were able to design
• Use 100 percent recycled tin soldering and materials is essential to our journey to create a an alloy containing 100 percent recycled aluminum can also be impacted by some level of contamination
during the recycling process. Scale
100 percent recycled gold plating in all Apple- circular supply chain. Our Recycled and Renewable that meets our rigorous design performance
Materials for a single component can come
designed rigid and flexible printed circuit boards.30 Material Specification sets requirements based on standards. And we’ve improved our ability
from hundreds of different suppliers, requiring
international standards for recycled content and to track key materials within our supply chain.
• Use 100 percent recycled rare earth elements exponentially more effort as we scale the use
responsible resource management. By requiring
in all magnets across all products.31 of high-quality recycled or renewable materials
certification to these standards, we’re able to confirm Barriers to our progress remain — including
Availability and access across components and products.
that a material has been recycled or comes from challenges within our control and those outside
The supply of recycled and renewable materials
a renewable source — one that can continually our direct influence. Addressing these requires
can be constrained by the limited availability
produce without depleting the earth’s natural a collective response. Through collaboration within
of recoverable material or production of renewable
resources. We approach materials from new sources the material space, we can achieve impact felt
content. When supply exists in some locations
with the same rigor, evaluating each one for the beyond our business. The supply chains we’re Regulatory barriers
around the world, new suppliers need to be
safety of the materials’ chemistry. This process allows helping create serve more than just our product Transboundary movement regulations — created
incorporated into supply chains for the material
needs — they help promote the availability to establish critically important community
to be accessed.
of competitively priced, quality recycled and and environmental protections — can have the
renewable materials across geographies. unintended consequence of inhibiting material
recovery and movement to recyclers or refiners
for use in new products. To learn about our support
of policies that enable circular supply chains while
improving social and environmental protections,
read the Policy advocacy feature.
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PROGRESS ACROSS OUR 15 PRIORITY MATERIALS

Material and key challenges Progress Material and key challenges Progress

Aluminum • In 2023, 71 percent of the aluminum in products we shipped to customers came from recycled sources — up from 67 percent Plastics • We’re transitioning from fossil fuel–based plastics to renewable or recycled alternatives. In 2023, we included renewable plastic
Regulatory barriers in 2022.33 Technical properties in the Apple Watch Series 9 speaker — a first for Apple — and we use 25 percent recycled plastic in multiple components.
Technical properties • Because recycled aluminum can have 1/40 the carbon footprint of aluminum from primary sources, this supports our pursuit Availability and access • For Mac Pro, over 20 components are made with 35 percent or more recycled plastic.
Scale of low-carbon design.34 Learn more about ELYSIS aluminum, which was smelted without generating greenhouse gas emissions Scale
(see page 33).
Rare earth elements • More than 75 percent of the total rare earth elements that Apple shipped in products in 2023 came from certified recycled sources.
Regulatory barriers • Compared with earlier products, our latest devices contain greater percentages of recycled rare earth elements: 100 percent in
Cobalt • In 2023, 52 percent of the cobalt shipped in our products — more than double the amount shipped in 2022 — came from certified Availability and access iPhone 15,37 99 percent in our Apple Watch lineup, and 98 percent in our MacBook lineup. We’re committed to using 100 percent
Regulatory barriers recycled sources on a mass balance basis, including post-industrial scrap and post-consumer scrap from end-of-life batteries. Scale recycled rare earth elements in all magnets across all products by 2025.38
Availability and access
Scale • In 2023, we used 100 percent recycled cobalt in the magnets within the magnetic power module of the 15-inch MacBook Air with
M2 chip.
Steel • We work with our supply chain partners to recover high-purity steel from our manufacturing scrap and our products at end of life.
• In 2023, Apple committed to using 100 percent recycled cobalt in all Apple-designed batteries by 2025.35 Regulatory barriers • In 2023, we continued the use of 90 percent recycled steel in the battery tray of the 15-inch MacBook Air with M2 and expanded
Technical properties the use of this material in the 13-inch MacBook Air with M3 in the battery tray, keyboard feature plate, and trackpad beam plate.
Copper • In 2023, we introduced 100 percent recycled copper in the fin stack of the heat sink for 16-inch MacBook Pro, which helps regulate Scale
Technical properties thermal performance. For iPhone, we introduced 100 percent recycled copper foil in the MagSafe inductive charger, and we’re
Supply chains exploring how to use recycled copper in other thermal applications. Tantalum • We’re actively investigating recovery approaches from end-of-life electronics to develop further use of recycled material
Scale Regulatory barriers for capacitors.
• In 2023, we introduced 100 percent recycled copper wire in the Taptic Engine in our iPhone 15 lineup, Apple Watch Series 9, and
Availability and access
Apple Watch Ultra 2.
Supply chains
• Copper is a key material in printed circuit boards. Since first introducing 100 percent recycled copper foil in iPad (10th generation) in
October 2022, we’ve used 100 percent recycled copper foil in the main logic boards in the iPhone 15 lineup, Apple Watch Series 9, Tin • In 2023, we used 40 percent recycled tin on average across all product lines — up from 38 percent in 2022.
Apple Watch Ultra 2, and in October 2023, 16-inch MacBook Pro. Scale • In previous years, we expanded the use of recycled tin to many flexible printed circuit boards across many products. As we continue
to scale use across even more components, we seek to engage an exponentially increasing number of suppliers in this effort.
Glass • The display panel and trackpad glass of MacBook Air with M3 contains 15 percent recycled glass.
• We’ve also committed to using 100 percent recycled tin soldering in all Apple-designed rigid and flexible printed circuit boards
Technical properties
by 2025.39
Availability and access
Scale
Titanium • In 2023, Apple Watch Ultra 2, when paired with Alpine Loop or Trail loop, contained 95 percent recycled titanium in the enclosure.
Gold • In 2023, our use of recycled gold increased to about 25 percent across all product lines — up from 4 percent in 2022. Availability and access
Regulatory barriers • We also expanded our use of 100 percent certified recycled gold to the plating of multiple printed circuit boards and the USB-C Scale
Traceability connector in iPhone 15 — a first for Apple.
Scale Tungsten • More than 99 percent of the tungsten used in 2023 came from recycled sources, up from 95 percent in 2022.
• We’re committed to using 100 percent recycled gold plating in all Apple-designed rigid and flexible printed circuit boards by Regulatory barriers • In 2023, all released iPhone 15 models featured 99 percent recycled tungsten across the entire device, and all released Apple Watch
2025.36 All gold in Apple products is responsibly sourced, whether it’s primary or recycled. For more information, see our Conflict
models featured 100 percent recycled tungsten across the entire device.40
Minerals Report.
• Our disassembly robots, Daisy and Dave, and our recycling machine, Taz, helped recover and recycle the tungsten from the
Taptic Engine.
Lithium • In 2023, 24 percent of the lithium, allocated using mass balance, shipped in our batteries came from certified recycled sources,
Regulatory barriers including post-industrial scrap and post-consumer scrap from end-of-life batteries — a first for Apple.
Availability and access Zinc • Mac Studio contains 100 percent recycled copper and zinc in the brass prongs of the power cord plug and AC inlet.
Scale Technical properties
Supply chains
Paper • For information about our progress with paper, see our feature on packaging.
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Increasing recycled content in RECYCLED MATERIALS

our products Our transition to certified recycled materials by product line

We’re progressing toward our goal of relying solely
on responsibly sourced recycled or renewable
materials for our products and packaging. The source
2017 2019 2021 2023† All products launched in the
of the materials we rely on matters to us — we value calendar year include certified
recycled content.
materials that don’t deplete the earth’s resources.
Titanium Some products launched in the
calendar year include certified
recycled content.
In 2023 we accomplished the following first-time
Cobalt No products launched in the
material achievements: calendar year include certified
recycled content.
Copper † In calendar year 2023, we did not
• In Apple Watch Ultra 2, when paired with Alpine
launch new models of iPad.
Loop or Trail loop, we used 95 percent recycled
Zinc / Recycled content is not
titanium in the enclosure. applicable.*

• Across our iPhone 15 lineup, we used 100 percent Steel * Material is considered “not
applicable” if it’s found only
recycled gold in the USB-C connector and in the in trace amounts dispersed
Gold across modules.
wire of all cameras.

• Across our iPhone 15 lineup, we used 100 percent Tungsten*

recycled copper wire in the Taptic Engine and
100 percent recycled copper foil in the main logic Rare earth elements
board and MagSafe inductive charger.
Aluminum
• In the iPhone 15 lineup, Apple Watch Series 9, and
Apple Watch Ultra 2, we used 100 percent recycled Tin
cobalt in the battery.41
Plastic
These and other innovations helped us increase
our use of recycled and renewable content to
22 percent of all the material shipped in products Products launched
Apple Watch

Desktop

Laptop

iPad

iPhone

Apple Watch

Desktop

Laptop

iPad

iPhone

Apple Watch

Desktop

Laptop

iPad

iPhone

Apple Watch

Desktop

Laptop

iPhone
in 2023.42 by calendar year
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Responsible sourcing of materials Industry collaboration Improving material and We’re also exploring opportunities for improved
We require our suppliers to source our materials As we focus on responsible sourcing and the use of manufacturing efficiency efficiency across our product manufacturing
responsibly,for both primary and recycled materials. recycled content, we continue to drive progress in our processes. In 2023, we continued to invest in
Apple is committed to
Our Standards for Responsible Sourcing of Materials broader industry through multiple initiatives. These Making our manufacturing processes more efficient research and development projects aimed at setting strict standards
are based on leading international guidance, include our role on the steering committee of the creates less waste and helps us make the most of creating less waste in processing materials, reducing for responsible sourcing
including the United Nations Guiding Principles on Responsible Minerals Initiative (RMI). This coalition the materials that we source. We’re also designing machining time and associated energy use, more of the materials used
Business and Human Rights and the Organisation for is one of the most commonly used resources for our products and packaging so that they require less efficiently transforming material into near-net shapes, in our products.
Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) companies working to address mineral sourcing material in the first place, helping reduce emissions and maximizing the recovery and reprocessing For more information,
Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply issues in their supply chains. We are a supporter from transporting and processing materials. of manufacturing scrap. Once these improved read our People and
Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High- of the First Movers Coalition for Aluminum, whose processes are successfully developed, we plan to Environment in Our Supply

Risk Areas. In 2023, 100 percent of the identified focus is to aggregate demand signals for low-carbon For example, in 2023, we redesigned all packaging work with our suppliers as they deploy them at scale Chain 2024 Annual
for Apple Watch Series 9 and Apple Watch SE models Progress Report and our
tin, tantalum, tungsten, gold (3TG), cobalt, and technologies and materials. at their facilities.
to introduce a new compact design that allows for Conflict Minerals Report.
lithium smelters and refiners in Apple’s supply chain
completed assessments to verify compliance with Using recycled and renewable materials helps 25 percent or more devices per shipment. And as
our standards. lower our carbon footprint, moving us closer to we progress toward our 2030 carbon neutrality goal,
our climate goals. To fulfill the transition to these we’re investigating new materials and new ways to
We work with third-party audit programs at an materials, we’re working with policymakers to support manufacture efficiently.
industry-wide level to identify environmental international standards that enable the use of these
and social, and governance risks at the smelter, materials globally. We’ve prioritized improving the carbon footprint of
refiner, and mining levels. We map other materials the integrated circuits that we use in our products
in our products — such as mica, copper, graphite, as they’re carbon intensive. We’ve also continued
and nickel — and, before production, evaluate our work with the sustainable semiconductor
suppliers of new materials for compliance with our technologies and systems research program of
requirements. We also map, conduct additional due imec, a world-leading research and innovation hub
diligence, and facilitate third-party audits on other in nanoelectronics and digital technologies. We have
materials used in our products, such as graphite, two goals in this collaboration: to improve the carbon
nickel, and copper. As we build supply chains for footprint models associated with leading nodes
recycled materials, we partner with the smelters of integrated circuit production, and to use these
and refiners that are able to meet and maintain models to identify carbon reduction opportunities
our standards. for the entire integrated circuits industry.
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Driving product We’ve cut overall product energy use across all PRODUCT ENERGY EFFICIENCY

energy efficiency major product lines by more than 70 percent since

We’ve cut overall product energy use across all major
2008.44 And Apple products are consistently rated by
Product energy use accounts for 29 percent ENERGY STAR, which sets specifications that reflect product lines by more than 70 percent since 200847
of our gross carbon footprint — and for this reason, the 25 percent most energy-efficient devices on the
we work to reduce our products’ energy usage. market. In 2023, all eligible Apple products continued
We approach this challenge in the earliest phases to receive an ENERGY STAR rating for superior energy
of design, taking a holistic view of each product — efficiency.45 And in 2023, all eligible Apple products
from how efficiently the software operates to the met requirements for EPEAT registration, another
power requirements of individual components. environmental rating system for electronic products
that considers energy efficiency and a number of
With each generation of products, we strive other environmental topics.46
to improve energy efficiency. For example,
the transition to Apple silicon on Mac devices
continues to drive these improvements, including:

• Our pro chips released in 2023 enabled more

Mac devices to run with improved energy
efficiency. Mac mini with M2 made progress
in reducing energy use in 2023.

• And Apple TV 4K is designed to minimize

its impact on the environment, using nearly
30 percent less power than the previous
generation while achieving more powerful
performance.43
Mac mini iPhone 15 Apple TV 4K
• The efficiency gains of the A15 Bionic chip
Uses 72 percent less Uses 47 percent less Designed to use nearly
eliminate the need for an internal fan, resulting
energy than the ENERGY energy than the U.S. 30 percent less power than
in a more compact design and contributing
STAR requirement48 Department of Energy’s the previous generation
to a 25 percent reduction in carbon footprint
requirements for battery while achieving more
over the previous generation.
charger systems49 powerful performance50
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FEATURE

Reducing plastic and waste through packaging innovation

We’re closing in on our goal to Weʼve also continued our work to address the PACKAGING FIBER AND PLASTIC FOOTPRINT * (METRIC TONS) * In 2022, we expanded our packaging goal
boundary to better reflect our impact, resulting
remove plastics from our packaging remaining plastic in the smaller parts of our
packaging, like labels and lamination, with the Our goal is to transition to 100 percent fiber-based in an increase of about 36 percent of our total
packaging mass, relative to fiscal year 2021.
by transitioning to 100 percent
packaging innovations focused on printing directly packaging by 2025** We include retail bags, all finished goods
boxes (including plastic content in labels and
fiber-based packaging by 2025.51 on boxes and using overprint varnish. This year, in-box documentation), packaging sent to our
customers as part of Apple Trade In, AppleCare
weʼve expanded our efforts to include MacBook Pro, 2015
packaging for whole units and service modules
(with the exception of plastics needed to
Along our journey, we’ve addressed many packaging MacBook Air, Mac Studio, Mac Pro, and Mac mini. protect items from electrostatic discharge), and
secondary packaging of Apple products and
components that typically rely on plastic, including accessories sold by Apple. Our goal boundary
large product trays, screen films, wraps, and foam In 2022, we introduced these innovations for iPhone, does not include the inks, coatings, or adhesives
used in our packaging. In addition to our
cushioning. We’ve replaced each with fiber-based iMac, iPad, and Apple Watch. That same year, we
packaging footprint, we also calculate the fiber
alternatives and implemented innovative alternatives also introduced digital printing directly on the back used at our corporate facilities. In fiscal year
2023, this number was 1100 metric tons.
to the small uses of plastics across our packaging of boxes for iPhone 14 and iPhone 14 Pro to eliminate 48% Recycled fiber

18%
** By 2025, we plan to remove plastic from our
the need for labels.53 We did this by developing 31% Responsibly sourced virgin fiber†
— like labels and lamination. At the same time, packaging by transitioning to 100 percent
21% Plastic fiber-based packaging. Our goal to remove
we’re taking steps to ensure that our packaging is a custom high-resolution printer that can print
plastic from packaging includes retail bags, all
recyclable and that the fiber we source comes from on demand at manufacturing facilities where our finished goods boxes (including plastic content
less plastic since 2015* in labels and in-box documentation), packaging
recycled sources or responsibly managed forests. products are packaged. And in 2023, we broadened sent to our customers as part of Apple Trade
our approach to include all newly released iPhone, 2023 In, AppleCare packaging for whole units and
service modules (with the exception of plastics
In 2023, we accomplished the following: iPad, Apple Watch, and MacBook models. needed to protect items from electrostatic
discharge), and secondary packaging of Apple
products and accessories sold by Apple. Our
• Released multiple product lineups with over goal does not include the inks, coatings, or
adhesives used in our packaging. We plan
95 percent fiber-based packaging, including to remove plastic from the packaging of
refurbished Apple products to 100-percent fiber
iPhone 15, Mac, iPad Pro, Watch, and Beats.52 based by 2027, once old product packaging
0% 50% 100%
designs are phased out. We will continue selling
• Released our first 100 percent fiber-based existing inventory of AppleCare packaging
62% Recycled fiber for whole units and service modules that
packaging in our fall Apple Watch lineup. contain plastics for vintage and products at
35% Responsibly sourced virgin fiber† end of life until it is consumed. This change
• Shipped Apple Vision Pro with 100 percent 3% Plastic will enable us to avoid waste generated by
re-packaging goods in new 100 percent fiber-
fiber-based packaging in 2024. based packaging.
† Responsible sourcing of fiber is defined in
Apple’s Responsible Fiber Specification (PDF).
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Apple’s packaging design guidelines factor in

packaging recyclability, requiring the use of fiber-
As we continue to reduce plastic in our packaging,
we make sure that our wood, bamboo, and bagasse 100%
based materials that can break down to pulp as fibers are certified by standards such as FSC, PEFC, Apple Watch Ultra 2,
part of mixed-paper recycling streams, alongside and Bonsucro. And since 2017, all the wood fiber Alpine Loop, and Trail Loop
materials like cereal boxes.54 We test our packaging used in our packaging comes from either certified packaging is 100 percent
fiber based, a milestone
to standards developed by independent industry and recycled sources or responsibly managed forests.
toward our commitment
research organizations — including Western Michigan Through partnerships with The Conservation Fund
to remove plastic from
University, the U.S. Forest Service’s Forest Products and World Wildlife Fund, we’ve protected, and
packaging by 2025.
Laboratory, and the Confederation of European Paper improved forest management practices on, more
Industries — and we continue to monitor evolving than one million acres of working forests in the U.S.
international packaging standards. and China. In 2023, these forests generated enough
responsibly sourced fiber to balance all the virgin
fiber in our packaging while contributing to the
global supply of responsibly sourced fiber.55

Apple Watch Ultra 2, Alpine Loop, and Trail Loop packaging is 100 percent fiber-based, a milestone toward our commitment to have plastic-free packaging by 2025.
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Electricity
Our energy efficiency efforts Approach 2023 progress
extend across our work, from initial
36M
We continue to focus on energy efficiency Transitioning our supply chain Energy efficiency and
design through manufacturing in our operations and bringing new renewable to renewable energy renewable electricity
and beyond. Achieving efficiency electricity projects online worldwide. In the Making progress toward transitioning our addresses emissions from: kWh
long term, we believe that these projects entire manufacturing supply chain, as well
across our footprint is essential
provide more cost-effective energy. as supporting suppliers in adopting renewable In 2021, Apple deployed a proprietary
to meeting our 2030 carbon energy technologies and helping drive server design focused on energy and
neutrality goal. We’ve achieved Managing energy use and environmental action in our suppliers’ regions Indirect emissions computing efficiency that added an
additional 36 million kilowatt-hours.
100 percent clean electricity efficiency potential (Scope 2)
Designing, operating, and maintaining our Focusing on product use
across our operations, and we’re
1.7M
facilities to reduce our operational impact, Increasing our products’ energy efficiency
working toward the same for our and auditing across our operations and supply to drive down emissions from product use,
Product manufacturing
manufacturing supply chain and chain to drive efficiency by conserving and and taking steps to address the emissions
MTCO2e
(Scope 3)
use of Apple products. By using reducing energy use that remain
More than 100 supplier facilities
clean electricity in place of fossil participated in our energy efficiency
Using 100 percent renewable electricity Seeking renewable sources
fuels, we’re contributing to cleaner for our corporate operations with positive impact program, achieving more than
Product use 2 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity
air and lowering greenhouse Continuing to generate and source the Prioritizing energy supply options
(Scope 3) savings and over 2,200,000 MMBtu
gas emissions. electricity for our data centers, retail stores, that achieve positive environmental
in additional energy savings, which
and offices, as we have since January 2018 and social benefits
together avoided nearly 1.7 million
metric tons of CO2e.

100%
clean energy
Codified our 100 percent clean energy
mandate in the Supplier Code of
Conduct, requiring all direct suppliers
to transition to renewable energy for
the manufacturing of Apple products.
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Operating Apple Data centers: Data centers are traditionally Retail stores: We continue to prioritize energy
facilities efficiently energy intensive, requiring significant resources efficiency and develop comprehensive energy
to cool heat-generating servers and IT equipment. models for stores so that we can ensure our design is
Our data centers, retail stores, and offices all source That’s why we’re continuously monitoring and aligned with our energy efficiency targets. We’ve also
100 percent renewable electricity, and we remain improving the controls for our cooling systems. This decarbonized even further by phasing out natural gas
focused on implementing energy reduction measures retrospective view often enables us to increase the so that we’re not reliant on fossil fuels.
across our facilities. We assess natural gas and cooling capacity of our existing facilities, thereby
electricity usage at each of these site types — as well maximizing the number of servers within our data Measurement and accountability: Measurement
as research and development facilities — auditing center footprint. is critical to maintaining building energy performance.
how we perform and using best practices for energy We have a well-developed system of energy tracking
management to reduce our loads. And we design In 2023, we continued to see energy savings at data and benchmarking, which includes data from
our new buildings around occupants’ and lab users’ centers. A proprietary server design we deployed utility meters that continuously monitor 15-minute
specific needs, enabling us to use our facilities in 2021 that focused on energy and computing electricity and daily natural gas energy consumption.
efficiently and productively. efficiency resulted in an additional 36 million This method helps us identify opportunities for
kilowatt-hours per year in energy savings. performance improvement. This early knowledge
Existing buildings: We have significant opportunities enables us to restore building system efficiencies
to save energy in retrocommissioning buildings New facilities: When designing new facilities, and actively manage our energy footprint.
that Apple already occupies or operates, including or renovating existing facilities, we evaluate each
energy-intensive facilities like data centers. major system to ensure we’re managing our energy In 2023, our energy efficiency program
We audit the performance of buildings around footprint. We select LED fixtures and install sensors avoided 41 million kilowatt-hours of electricity, which
the world, then deploy energy efficiency measures. and photocells to reduce light levels based on includes savings from the efficient servers, and
Retrocommissioning focuses on building controls occupancy and the level of natural daylight. We 100,500 therms of natural gas through adjustments
to optimize energy use and operational efficiency. install high efficiency heating and cooling systems made to 6.7 million square feet of new and existing
We’re prioritizing reducing natural gas usage and and transformers to reduce energy consumption from buildings.56 Together, these recent initiatives will
replacing natural gas equipment with electrical. our plug loads. We take special attention to ensure avoid an additional 27,000 metric tons of CO2e
We’re focused on reviewing and benchmarking we’re designing safe, productive spaces, while still per year. Combined with ongoing energy savings
our most natural gas–intensive buildings to look prioritizing energy savings. We also prioritize efficient from past years, and accounting for effective
for reduction and fuel switching opportunities. compressed dry air systems and variable air volume useful lifetime of legacy savings, we saved over
fume hoods for our R&D spaces. 75,000 metric tons of CO2e in 2023.57

Apple’s Reno data center, opened in 2012, takes advantage of the mild climate by cooling its servers with outside air whenever possible.
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Improving energy efficiency

in our supply chain
We launched the Asia Green Fund in 2019 to help
provide technical expertise and finance capital-
Creating new projects
Apple-created renewable sources account for
To address gaps in our renewable energy needs
beyond what’s provided by Apple-created projects, 1.7M
intensive energy efficiency projects. As green about 91 percent of the renewable electricity that we directly purchase renewable electricity through We estimate that
The manufacturing of Apple products accounts financing mechanisms remain integral to the Supplier our facilities use — currently around 1.6 gigawatts. available utility green energy programs — about suppliers in our Supplier
for 59 percent of our gross carbon footprint. To Energy Efficiency Program, we’re exploring new 5 percent of our total corporate load in 2023. Energy Efficiency
address this impact, we collaborate closely with our approaches that connect suppliers to external New renewable electricity projects require Colocation and distribution facility vendors supply Program avoided nearly
suppliers to prioritize energy reductions. Together, funding for energy efficiency projects while scaling investment. Apple projects include the following about 3 percent of our total load of renewable energy.
1.7 million annualized
we work to use clean energy as efficiently as possible metric tons of supply
the program and accelerating reductions. funding approaches: And in certain situations, we purchase renewable
at every point in our supply chain, supporting the chain greenhouse gas
energy certificates (RECs).58 These RECs, which
emissions in 2023.
creation of more efficient factories all over the world. In 2023, more than 100 supplier facilities participated • Direct ownership account for about 2 percent of our total load, share
The Supplier Energy Efficiency Program, launched in our energy efficiency program, achieving more (~8 percent of Apple‑created projects) the same power grid as the Apple facility they

91%
in 2015, helps our suppliers optimize their energy than 2 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity savings and We build our own projects — including solar, support, where available. These purchases are
use. Implementing energy efficiencies reduces the more than 2,200,000 MMBtu in additional energy biogas fuel cells, and low-impact hydro projects subject to the same standards as our Apple‑created
energy intensity of manufacturing, which translates savings. Together, we estimate that this avoided — to provide renewable electricity, where feasible. renewable energy projects. Appendix A Apple-created renewable
to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. nearly 1.7 million metric tons of CO2e, representing provides additional details on Apple’s renewable
• Equity investment sources account for
a 25 percent increase since 2022. energy solutions. about 91 percent of the
We provide technical and planning support to (~4 percent of Apple‑created projects)
renewable electricity that
suppliers as they build more energy-efficient We invest capital in new solar PV or wind projects
Supporting social impact our facilities use.
in some markets, matching the renewable energy
systems. We support our suppliers by helping them Clean electricity generated with our energy use.
Our Power for Impact program, which launched in
recognize optimization opportunities and identify 2019, continues to help provide local communities
solutions through energy assessments. To assist Maintaining 100 percent renewable electricity
with needed energy resources. With funding from
with implementation, we connect suppliers to for Apple facilities • Long-term renewable energy contracts
Apple, local communities and organizations benefit
extensive education and training opportunities — Our retail stores, data centers, R&D facilities, and (~88 percent of Apple‑created projects)
from access to cost‑effective renewable energy.
including technical assistance resources — and offices around the world currently source 100 percent Through long-term power purchase agreements,
Apple is currently supporting more than 20 renewable
help them access external funding for energy renewable electricity. We’ve focused our efforts to virtual power purchase agreements, and other
electricity projects around the world, including in the
efficiency projects. source renewables around several key pillars: forms of long-term commitments, we help
Philippines, Thailand, and South Africa. Read more
support new, local, and primarily solar PV
about Power for Impact on page 31.
Our suppliers have successfully implemented • Creating new renewable energy projects and wind projects in line with our renewable
a range of energy efficiency projects, from energy–sourcing standards.
• Undertaking projects that deliver clear benefits
installing light sensors and implementing free to local communities
cooling systems to making boiler and HVAC
system energy improvements. • Supporting renewable energy innovations
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Transitioning our suppliers PROCUREMENT MECHANISMS TECHNOLOGIES

to renewable electricity Supplier renewable energy procurement Supplier renewable energy technologies
The electricity that our manufacturing suppliers use mechanisms We work with our suppliers to select projects with the greatest potential
represents the largest single source of greenhouse
Our suppliers are implementing clean energy solutions using a variety of contracting for impact and with a clear carbon, ecological, and social benefit.
gas emissions throughout our manufacturing supply
mechanisms. In 2023, suppliers relied mostly on renewable energy certificates (RECs) “Other technology” includes clean energy sources such as some forms
chain. That’s why our efforts to facilitate our entire
to meet their CEP commitments, largely due to the expansion of China’s Green Energy of biomass, geothermal, and small-scale, low-impact hydro.59
supply chain’s transition to 100 percent renewable
electricity are essential to reaching our 2030 carbon Certificate (GEC) and the recognition of GECs as a primary instrument for tracking
neutrality goal. renewable energy consumption. Apple views the strategic use of well-designed REC
programs as an important interim solution to longer-term procurement options like power
Our Supplier Clean Energy Program (CEP) helps purchase agreements (PPAs), which are becoming increasingly available across the
enable suppliers’ transition to renewable electricity by globe, and is working closely with its supply chain on their longer-term transitions.
advocating for policy changes, providing information
and access to renewable energy procurement
options, and creating engagement opportunities 1% 37%
with renewable energy experts. By engaging in this Onsite renewable electricity Solar
program, our suppliers can implement best practices
in advocating for and procuring renewable energy
across their corporate operations, including those
associated with Apple production. The program also 25%
equips them to share lessons learned with other Renewable power purchases
partners throughout their value chains, extending
benefits beyond the scope of Apple.

19%
8%
Other technology
Direct investments

66% 44%
Renewable energy certificates Wind
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As of March 2024, more than 320 suppliers have on less impactful interim solutions, like one-time How we support our suppliers SUPPLY CHAIN CLEAN ENERGY PROGRESS
committed to use renewable electricity for their Apple purchases of energy attribute certificates from
production. These suppliers make up 95 percent of existing renewable energy projects. These options
Galvanizing internal champions Renewable electricity operational
We’ve been able to quickly scale the Supplier Clean
Apple’s direct spend for materials, manufacturing, represent an annual cost for buyers and often
Energy Program by involving teams across Apple
and committed in gigawatts (GW)
and assembly of our products worldwide. And this offer little opportunity for cost savings or a return
in supplier engagement, including supplier-facing
represents more than 21 gigawatts of clean energy on investment. To overcome these challenges,
Apple employees. We empower these employees
commitments, of which 16.5 are already operational. suppliers are using new purchasing methods,
with the tools to help speed a supplier’s transition FY16
To rapidly scale the Supplier Clean Energy Program creating renewable energy businesses, and even
to 100 percent renewable electricity. Data and
and accelerate progress to Apple 2030, we’ve since participating in some of the world’s largest and most
transparency drive this process. We track the
formalized the Clean Energy Program in the Apple innovative renewable energy deals. Suppliers are also
electricity use and renewable procurement of all FY17
Supplier Code of Conduct, requiring our entire direct adapting to changing renewable energy markets by
our direct suppliers, including those who are just
manufacturing supply chain to use 100 percent finding new solutions, including first-of-their-kind
beginning to learn about renewable electricity
renewable electricity for all Apple production procurement structures in geographies that are
and those well on their way to using 100 percent FY18
before 2030. introducing more corporate procurement options.
renewable electricity. We help our suppliers measure
progress and gain access to solutions. We’ve also
In 2023, the 16.5 gigawatts of renewable energy In China, this includes the Green Power Trading FY19
continued to develop internal trainings and an
procured by suppliers and online in Apple’s supply program, which allows cross-provincial agreements
engagement process for Apple employees and
chain generated 25.5 million megawatt-hours of that provide suppliers with more options. South
suppliers. By connecting our suppliers with resources
clean energy, avoiding 18.5 million metric tons Korea has expanded its options for green power, FY20
and providing transparency on supplier progress,
of greenhouse gas emissions — a 6.5 percent including power purchase agreements and the ability
our teams are scaling impact across our supply chain.
increase over 2022. to purchase renewable energy certificates. Japan
has also introduced new renewable energy options, FY21
How suppliers are responding including virtual and physical power purchase
Despite growing momentum and advocacy for agreements and price-competitive nonfossil
renewables, transitioning to 100 percent renewable certificates that have the potential to scale access FY22
electricity presents challenges: technical and to renewable energy across the market. While
regulatory barriers, the need for capital investment, we’ve seen progress in key markets, we continue to
and a lack of access to high-quality and cost- advocate for policies that enable renewable energy FY23
effective solutions. Long-standing energy policies to compete fairly with fossil fuels and subsidized
and infrastructure that incentivize the use of fossil power rates, opening more avenues for our suppliers 4 8 12 16 20 24
Gigawatts
fuels like coal can make it difficult to bring new to transition to sourcing 100 percent renewable
renewable energy online in certain regions. In electricity (see page 71).
Operational
some cases, our suppliers are prompted to rely
Committed
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Supporting supplier capacity

We share the knowledge we’ve gained through our
Energy Buyers Institute (CEBI) and other corporations
to launch the inaugural Clean Energy Procurement
• Direct Investments: To cover emissions from
suppliers we don’t contract with directly, we invest
efforts in beneficial electrification and the build-out
of necessary transmission infrastructure, all while 1 GW
own transition to 100 percent renewable energy with Academy — a shared training curriculum and in additional renewable electricity projects. To date, considering cost-effectiveness. Public investments As of March 2024, the
our suppliers, supplementing their efforts to identify delivery process — which will equip companies with we’ve directly invested in nearly 500 megawatts in decarbonization should be properly supported China Clean Energy Fund
and pursue opportunities to decarbonize as their the technical readiness to advance clean energy of solar and wind projects in China and Japan to by funds generated from establishing a price on has invested in more than

businesses evolve. For this reason, we invest heavily procurement, address scope 3 emissions, and address our upstream electricity emissions. carbon pollution. 1 gigawatt of renewable
electricity projects, with
in providing education and training across our supply decarbonize global supply chains.
nearly 100 percent of
chain through platforms such as our Clean Energy Advocating for policy change Collaborating with groups like the Asia Clean
those investments online.
Academy, which includes advanced and customized Additionally, we support the creation and growth Effective government policies and rules can remove Energy Coalition (ACEC), Clean Energy Demand
trainings and workshops with leading experts. of renewable energy industry associations that our significant barriers to low-carbon solutions and Initiative (CEDI), and RE100 — which bring together
suppliers can join to learn about local opportunities, enable solutions to rapidly scale. Suppliers need the world’s most influential businesses through
In 2023, nearly 300 supplier facilities in China such as the Japan Climate Leaders Partnership and clean energy investments that make financial sense commitments to use renewable electricity — we’ve
mainland and Taiwan participated in our Clean Energy Clean Energy Buyers Association. to effectively transition to renewable energy. But identified country-level policy barriers to procuring
Academies, which were attended by renewable carbon-intensive energy sources, like coal and gas, renewable electricity. By engaging in these initiatives
energy developers and other industry guest Expanding access to renewable electricity often have a price advantage because of subsidies and others, such as local working groups, we use
speakers. The academies offer updates on available To support our suppliers’ transition to renewable and the ignored costs of externalities, such as local and international expertise and capacity to
energy procurement options in suppliers’ markets, electricity, we help them find high-quality solutions greenhouse gas emissions. collate the challenges faced by member companies
help suppliers prepare to participate in upcoming so they can decide how best to address their and advocate for critical policy shifts that support
renewable energy pilots, and provide implementation specific needs. Across the regions where our suppliers operate, we grid decarbonization. In Japan, for example, Apple
guidance from local experts. This program engage with policymakers to support renewable collaborated with other renewable energy users
supplements our Clean Energy Portal, available to all • The China Clean Energy Fund: This fund energy that’s cost-effective, accessible to and called for enhancing the Non-Fossil certificate
supplier facilities, which provides training materials, enables Apple and our suppliers to invest in companies, and sourced from high-quality projects (NFC) scheme to enable transparency in tracking.
resources, and country-specific information to renewable energy. As of March 2024, the fund with a material impact on local markets. In China, Apple and suppliers have participated in
guide suppliers in their transition to 100 percent has invested in more than 1 gigawatt of renewable meetings and events to share their experiences with
renewable electricity. electricity projects. For example, we’re encouraging governments not to renewable energy procurement, and discussed ways
subsidize or expand carbon-intensive infrastructure. to improve policies and increase the availability of
• Power purchase agreements (PPAs): Apple will
Also in 2023, we announced plans to support the We also encourage them to keep pace with the cost-effective solutions.
continue to support the global development of
creation of a first-of-its-kind public training platform speed of technological innovation, consider the life
high-quality programs for generating and trading
that will be available to businesses across many cycle emissions of energy solutions, and support
renewable energy certificates. We also connect
different industries, giving companies of all sizes — new energy solutions that effectively reduce global
suppliers with opportunities to buy renewable
in Apple’s supply chain and beyond — access to the emissions. Additionally, Apple supports government
energy directly from project developers and utilities
resources and advocacy networks we’ve cultivated
as those models emerge around the globe.
for nearly a decade. We’ve partnered with the Clean
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Product use flexibility for a portion of the emissions so that devices throughout the day. In the contiguous United
we can target grids with higher carbon intensity. States, Grid Forecast is available for Apple Watch,
The electricity that our customers use to charge and
This approach allows us to balance focusing on and it can be added as a widget or a watch face
power their Apple devices represents 29 percent of
areas where our customers use our products and complication. As additional data becomes available
Apple’s gross carbon footprint. Increasing the energy
maximizing the social and environmental benefits through ongoing industry collaboration, Apple will
efficiency of our products is the most direct action
of additional renewable energy. For example, while continue refining Grid Forecast to maximize impact.
we can take to drive down emissions from product
California is a large market for Apple, we might build To learn more about Grid Forecast, visit our Grid
use, and we’re taking steps to address the emissions
new renewable energy projects in other locations Forecast support page.
that remain.
with lower clean energy percentages on their grids,
where the same renewable energy capacity can have Clean Energy Charging, which became available in
As we address emissions tied to the electricity that
a more significant impact. the U.S. in fall 2022 with iOS 16, enables customers
our products use globally, our guiding principles
to help decrease the carbon footprint of iPhone.
focus on three areas: exploring innovative solutions
We’re developing large-scale solar and wind projects The feature looks at electricity sources to select
to minimize greenhouse gas emissions from product
around the world as part of this work. Radian the charge times when the grid is using cleaner
use, including energy efficiency (see page 25);
Solar, and plans for additional projects in the US, energy sources, optimizing charging and reducing
building renewable electricity projects aimed at
Europe and India are underway. In Europe, we plan greenhouse gas emissions. Learn more about Clean
maximizing carbon reductions and social impact; and
to engage in projects that range between 30 and Energy Charging here.
engaging with our customers to educate and provide
300 megawatts, with an initial request for proposals
opportunities to support decarbonizing the grid. We
issued in 2022. Beyond the work that we do on our products, we
also account for the portion of the grid that is already
collaborate with others to continue advancing
clean, where residual grid mix data is available.
Engaging with our customers climate-smart decision-making for customers
We’re building features to make it easier for across their household energy usage, as well as for
Clean energy projects
customers to decide when to draw cleaner electricity our employees and partners. As an example, Apple
As we expand our strategy to include product
from the grid. In 2023, we launched Grid Forecast, a has joined the CoolClimate Network, a research
use, we’re considering a number of factors when
new tool in the Home app on iPhone, iPad, Mac, and partnership of the University of California, Berkeley,
selecting projects. We are working to match the
Apple Watch that shows when cleaner electricity that motivates and empowers individuals and
expected electricity consumption of our products
is available from the grid. Apple uses data that organizations to make low-carbon choices.
with 100 percent clean electricity, starting with our
combines grid, emissions, and weather information
fall Apple Watch lineup. Although we’ll source the
into one easy-to-follow signal. This can help people
majority of our clean electricity from the region
make more informed decisions about when to run
in which it’s used, we’re maintaining geographic
large appliances and charge electric vehicles or

Apple is investing in renewable energy worldwide — including this large-scale solar project in Brown County,
Texas — to help address the electricity customers use to charge their Apple devices.
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FEATURE

Increasing access to clean energy around the world

Power for Impact is driven by Democratic Republic of the Congo: Apple Philippines: Apple helped fund a new rooftop solar Zambia: Apple will help fund a microgrid and battery
the idea that access to renewable provides access to renewable energy for the installation at an educational institution in Bataan. storage system to provide power for hundreds of
Malaika School, which empowers Congolese This helps reduce electricity cost for the institution households that are currently without electricity.
energy creates opportunities within
girls and their communities through education, and free up funds for scholarships to high- The project will reduce reliance and costs associated
communities while benefiting agriculture, water projects, health outreach, achieving, under-resourced students. with imported diesel and gasoline for generators,
our climate. sports, and vocational training. To support Malaika and it will increase the amount of power available
students and teachers, this solar initiative builds South Africa: Apple’s first PFI project in South to community organizations and businesses.
on other Apple collaborations, including virtual Africa helped bring electricity to over 3,500
Apple launched the initiative in 2019 to provide
Today at Apple sessions on coding with Swift, households that previously lacked access to local
underresourced communities with renewable
photography, filmmaking, and design, as well as street lighting. In addition, Apple will help fund two
electricity while supporting economic growth
other events with Apple Retail teams and Diversity more projects in South Africa at schools for children
and social impact.
Network Associations. with disabilities. Along with five other operational
projects across South Africa, these installations will
The program funds renewable energy projects
Israel: Apple supports the Nitzana Educational reduce electricity costs, and the savings help fund
that are mutually beneficial — local communities
Eco-Village — a community for underserved operating costs and expand programs to support
and organizations get access to cost-effective
youth — with a 260 kilowatt solar system to help underserved groups.
energy, and Apple retains the environmental
lower electricity costs. The savings help enhance
attributes of each project. We currently support
educational experiences for youth from various Thailand: Apple helped establish a solar energy
20 renewable projects in countries around the
backgrounds. Apple also supported the expansion system to replace polluting diesel fuel for a remote
world, including:
with another 64 kilowatt solar system installed in fishing village that relies on refrigerators to maintain
February 2023. the quality of its fish products. We increased local
Colombia: Apple helped bring a rooftop solar
renewable energy production and battery storage
power system online at the Hospital Infantil Santa
Nepal: Apple funded a solar and battery storage to improve reliable access to electricity.
Ana. The money saved on energy bills allows
system at a nonprofit hospital that serves children
the hospital to purchase more equipment and
throughout Nepal. This system will offer limited Vietnam: Apple’s work to support a program
medications. In addition, Apple helps to fund a
backup power during grid outages. in Vietnam will provide solar electricity for 20
rooftop solar installation at Ciudad Don Bosco,
schools around the country, with aspirations
a nonprofit that provides educational and social
Nigeria: Apple helped fund a remote minigrid project to help showcase renewables and sustainable
services for under-resourced youth. We recently
that provides energy access to community members development. At five schools, solar energy
expanded our support by providing funding for
and replaces fossil fuels for some businesses. In systems have been installed and are operational.
phase II of the project.
addition, Apple also funds a solar power system
to provide power to public healthcare centers in
the state of Ondo, with excess energy serving
Power for Impact is expanding access to clean, affordable power in different parts of the world. Apple will continue to focus on
households in the surrounding region. uplifting communities as it pursues its environmental goals.
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Direct emissions
Some materials that are integral Approach 2023 progress
to our products result in significant
2.7M
We’re committed to reducing direct greenhouse Direct emissions abatement
emissions. The same is true for emissions in our facilities and across our addresses emissions from:
certain manufacturing processes supply chain. We engage multiple approaches
MTCO2e
to achieve this, from looking to technical
and the transportation of our
advancements that can help address emissions Our display suppliers’ abatement
products. We seek technological to changing how we make and transport Direct emissions efforts reduced more than 2.7 million
solutions and supplier engagement our products. (Scope 1) annualized metric tons of CO2e.*

to abate emissions from

100+
Seeking technological solutions
these sources.
Pursuing low carbon technologies to address Product manufacturing
carbon-intensive processes (Scope 3) attendees
Addressing fluorinated greenhouse Apple hosted an inaugural virtual
gas emissions training focused on reporting and
Partnering closely with key manufacturers Product transport abating scope 1 emissions, with

as they work to prevent these gases from (Scope 3) more than 100 attendees.

being released into the atmosphere

Shifting transport modes

for product shipment
Business travel
(Scope 3)
20%
less emissions
Moving to shipping modes that are less
carbon intensive than air transport — such In 2023, we reduced emissions from
transporting products by 20 percent
as by ocean — whenever possible
Employee commute compared with 2022.

Reducing employee commute emissions (Scope 3)

Exploring ways to reduce our carbon footprint
from employees commuting to work

* Based on data reported to Apple by its

suppliers. Data has not been independently
assured by Apple or a third-party. The low-carbon aluminum breakthrough builds on the significant
progress Apple has made in reducing the carbon impact of aluminum
and other metals found in its products.
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Rethinking how aluminum

is made
Addressing fluorinated
greenhouse gas emissions 2.7M
In 2023, our display
As part of Apple’s commitment to reduce our One of the largest contributors of direct emissions suppliers’ efforts
products’ environmental impact through innovation, in our supply chain is the use of fluorinated resulted in avoided
we partnered with aluminum companies and the greenhouse gases (F-GHGs). F-GHGs are emissions of more than
governments of Canada and Quebec to invest in notably used in the electronics manufacturing of 2.7 million metric tons
ELYSIS. This joint venture to commercialize patented semiconductors and flat-panel displays, and their CO2e, annualized.

technology that eliminates direct greenhouse gas global warming potentials (GWPs) are thousands
emissions from the traditional smelting process. of times more than those of CO2. While the use of
Since our collaboration began in 2018, we’ve helped F-GHGs in certain manufacturing processes today
accelerate the development of this technology by is difficult to avoid, emissions can be reduced by
facilitating the joint partnership and providing initial switching to alternative low GWP gases, optimizing
funding and ongoing technical support. production processes to use and emit fewer
F-GHGs, and installing gas abatement tools. We’re
In 2022, Apple shipped iPhone SE devices that used collaborating closely with our supply chain partners
ELYSIS aluminum, building on our 2019 purchase as they work to prevent these gases from being
from the first-ever commercial batch of aluminum released into the atmosphere.
resulting from the joint venture. The commercial-
purity aluminum in these products is the first to be Since the launch of our engagement efforts in 2019,
manufactured without creating any direct greenhouse we have been working with our largest manufacturers
gas emissions during the smelting process. ELYSIS of displays and semiconductors to achieve a high
has continued to make progress within its Industrial standard of F-GHG abatement. In 2023, our display
Research and Development Center in Quebec to suppliers’ efforts resulted in avoided emissions of
produce commercial-purity primary aluminum at more than 2.7 million metric tons CO2e, annualized.60
industrial scale. Further, through engagement in sector-specific
industry coalitions, we’re working to accelerate
climate action across the whole semiconductor
value chain.

The innovative direct carbon-free smelting process of ELYSIS has the potential to reduce the climate impact
of the production process of aluminum — one of the world’s most widely used metals.
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Supporting supplier capacity

As we tackle direct emissions across our supply
Transporting products
In 2023, we reduced emissions from transporting
our packaging to be more compact — all packaging
for Apple Watch Series 9 and Apple Watch SE
Improving employee travel
and commute 25%
models introduced a new smaller shape that allows All packaging for Apple
chain, we’re building out new educational materials products by 20 percent compared with the previous We’re focused on finding new ways to reduce the
for 25 percent or more devices per shipment. Watch Series 9 and
and resources support to help our suppliers year. We also more than doubled product tonnage carbon footprint from our employees commuting Apple Watch SE models
decarbonize their direct emissions. In 2023, transported by ocean. On average, ocean shipping to work. For example, we’re helping our employees introduced a new smaller
We’re collaborating with our suppliers to explore
we hosted our first virtual training series focused emissions are approximately 95 percent lower than transition from single-occupancy vehicles to mass shape that allows for at
technical innovations for transport, including
on reporting and abating scope 1 emissions, with air transport emissions.61 We aim to continue to transit, coach services, and campus bicycles. To least 25 percent more
alternative fuels and electric vehicles. For example,
over 100 supplier attendees. increase the use of ocean shipping for our products. incentivize the use of electric vehicles, we provide devices per shipment.
in 2022, we supported the development of an
For example, for select Apple Watch models, more than 3,330 EV charging stations and more
analysis with Carbon Direct, a carbon management
We continue to launch supplier programs targeted including watches and bands, we’ll ship at least than 1,730 ports across our U.S. campuses. For
firm, that identified pathways for developing
at addressing direct emissions from energy 50 percent of the combined weight using non-air the commute-related emissions that remain,
sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). And in 2023, we
and processes that produce Apple products. modes — like ocean shipping — over the lifetime we’re applying high-quality offsets carbon credits.
socialized our learnings with our partners, including
The manufacturing of Apple products accounts of the product, cutting total transportation emissions
suppliers and industry groups. Read the summary
for 59 percent of our gross carbon footprint. nearly in half.62 And in 2023, we shifted select models
of our findings in the “Promising production pathways
This includes emissions from fuel combustion; of MacBook Pro and MacBook Air to use ocean
and opportunities to scale” section of the Sustainable
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC); shipping from our manufacturers, creating more
Aviation Fuel Primer report. We also trialed the limited
refrigeration; fluorinated gases; and other physical opportunities for a lower-carbon mode of shipping
use of SAF on two flights that shipped select iPad
or chemical processes (excluding transportation). for our product launch.
models in 2023.
These sources vary widely and require use of
diverse technologies and solutions to abate. Through forward-thinking logistics, we’re
In 2023, we continued to partner with carriers that
Apple’s approach is to identify process carbon consolidating our products in the shipments from
offer low-carbon deliveries using electric vehicles
emission hot spots across our supply chain — our factories to facilitate more ocean shipping at
(EVs), such as e-bikes and cars, reducing our
like the use of fluorinated gases in display and sea ports in our Asia Pacific markets. And since
impact in customer communities. By prioritizing
semiconductor manufacturing — and launch 2022, these efforts have helped us increase ocean
vendors that offer low-carbon options, we’re
targeted programs to address these carbon shipments by more than 10 percent in this region —
signaling the value of these options and incentivizing
hotspots in partnership with our suppliers, diverting shipments from air transport. We’ve also
further decarbonization.
governments, and industry stakeholders. reduced unnecessary space aboard aircrafts and
trucks by using smaller, custom pallets, creating more
efficient shipments. Additionally, we’re redesigning
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Carbon removal
Science shows that limiting the Approach 2023 Progress
planet’s warming to 1.5° C will
$280M
Apple is unequivocal in our priority: Emissions
require both deeply decarbonizing reductions take precedence over carbon removal.
industrial emissions over the We’re striving to reduce direct greenhouse gas Exploring and addressing carbon Investing in nature-based carbon
In March 2024, Apple welcomed
emissions in our facilities, and we’re supporting removal solutions removal projects
next 30 years and significantly key manufacturing partners as
emissions reductions in our supply chain through Recognizing that achieving global climate Engaging with projects that offer important
ramping up carbon removal to process innovation, direct emissions abatement, targets will require pursuing all carbon removal ecological and social benefits while providing
new investors in the Restore
Fund, committing additional
address the surplus carbon dioxide and transitioning to clean energy. But even with strategies and considering options consistent economic development opportunities for local funds — Taiwan Semiconductor
(CO2) already in the atmosphere. these comprehensive measures, some emissions with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate communities. Seeking to align carbon market Manufacturing Company (TSMC)
in our value chain can’t yet be avoided. Change’s (IPCC) position that all pathways impact with investment capital by addressing
To catalyze efforts to reach a 1.5° C will invest up to $50 million
limiting warming to 1.5° C require carbon three main barriers facing nature-based and Murata will invest up to
pathway, Apple is scaling up carbon We aim to reduce emissions by 75 percent removal for unavoidable emissions.63 Then, solutions: scale, quality, and capacity in order $30 million — in the same fund
removal solutions, beginning with compared with our 2015 footprint by 2030. evaluating each option against five key criteria: to grow nature-based carbon removals that will be managed by Climate
Asset Management, a joint venture
those that are available today, To achieve carbon neutrality across our value stage of development, scalability, durability, well beyond the current scale of voluntary
chain, we’ll voluntarily balance the remaining carbon methodology, and co-benefits. carbon markets. between HSBC Asset Management
while exploring the solutions and Pollination. These new
unavoidable emissions with high-quality carbon
of the future. removal credits. We’re pursuing opportunities
investments build on Apple’s
previous commitment of up to
for carbon removal through the following efforts:
$200 million for the Restore Fund’s
Addressing unavoidable emissions second phase, bringing the total to
Working toward our goal to scale up high- $280 million in committed capital.
quality nature-based projects while putting
robust standards in place to ensure the integrity
of carbon removals. And building capacity for
partners that support nature-based carbon
removal implementation to help enable these
efforts to grow beyond Apple’s demand.

Read more about our work in

the Apple’s Carbon Removal
Strategy white paper.
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The need for carbon removal technologies, such as direct air capture (DAC) Our review of different available technologies helped
and ocean alkalinization. Apple looked at how us determine that nature-based solutions — including
Any successful strategy for addressing climate
these approaches could help balance our residual afforestation, reforestation, and revegetation (ARR)
change includes the development of carbon removal
emissions as we focus on the global urgency to align and soil carbon sequestration — currently offer the
technologies — pursued urgently and in parallel with
with a 1.5° C pathway to scale up carbon removal. most comprehensive carbon removal approach.
efforts to decarbonize energy production and protect
and restore Earth’s ecosystems. As part of our efforts
Five key criteria drive our exploration:
to achieve carbon neutrality across our value chain,
Apple prioritizes emissions reductions. We then
Restore Fund
• Stage of development: A solution’s stage of
balance the remaining unavoidable emissions with We launched the Restore Fund in 2019 in partnership
development is important both to meet our Apple
high-quality carbon removal credits. To ensure that with Conservation International and Goldman Sachs.
2030 target and to reach scale within the time
removals are high integrity, we follow guidance set Since its creation, the fund has invested in three
frame needed to stay within a 1.5° C trajectory.
out by international standards and apply our own initiatives that are projected to remove over a million
rigorous standards and criteria. • Scalability: We consider scalability because the metric tons of carbon starting in 2025. This fund
climate crisis is a collective responsibility, and the is unique because it aims to change carbon removal
impact of Apple’s solutions should scale beyond from a cost to a potentially profitable investment.
Nature-based carbon removal our own environmental footprint. By creating a fund that generates both a financial
return as well as real and measurable carbon impact,
Science indicates that nature-based solutions • Durability: Removals must be permanent, or if
we strive to drive broader change — encouraging
are the most scalable and economically viable there’s a risk of reversal, measures must be in place
capital investment in carbon removal around the
opportunities to mitigate climate change in the short to address those risks and compensate for any
globe. We developed the Restore Fund as a pilot,
term. In addition to their climate benefits, nature- reversals for a defined period of time.
and we’re now seeking to expand and improve it
based solutions offer multiple co-benefits, including
• Carbon methodology: The impacts achieved so that others can build on our work and scale the
enhanced employment and local livelihoods,
need to be accounted for through using a rigorous market for nature-based removals.
improved biodiversity, soil carbon and nutrient
carbon accounting methodology that aligns
cycling, and increased timber supply that can reduce
with quality and consistency of our own carbon The first phase of the fund focused on blending
the pressure on primary forests.
accounting systems, including evaluating any responsible forestry practices with carbon removal
uncertainty in the underlying science. and sought to maximize environmental impact,
The IPCC lays out a range of options to remove
including carbon, hydrology, and habitat restoration.
carbon from the atmosphere using a combination • Co-benefits: We evaluated the co-benefits
of photosynthesis and chemistry. These approaches across different carbon removal technologies.
include existing climate solutions, such as Most carbon removal approaches have the potential
afforestation and reforestation, and relatively new to generate additional benefits for biodiversity
and communities but can also pose risks.
As we focus on eliminating the majority of emissions across the value chain, we’re also addressing emissions we can’t reduce by
looking for high-quality carbon credits from nature-based projects.
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Based on our learnings with these projects and the Climate Asset Management, a joint venture of HSBC partners have used innovative tools including LiDAR High-quality avoided
growing global need for more nature-based solutions, Asset Management and Pollination. Murata — an on iPhone, satellite data, bio-acoustic monitoring, emissions projects
Apple announced an expansion of the Restore electronic components supplier for Apple based in and machine learning to evaluate the well-being of
Fund in 2023. The commitment aims to develop an Japan — will invest up to $30 million in the same the land and project progress.
as an interim solution Read more about our
work in the Apple’s
investment vehicle to scale nature-based solutions fund. These new investments build on Apple’s We plan to reach our goal of becoming carbon
Carbon Removal Strategy
using a different kind of financial innovation. This previous commitment of up to $200 million for the Integrity and a rigorous approach are central to neutral across our entire value chain by 2030, using white paper.
unique blended-fund structure is intended to achieve Restore Fund’s second phase, bringing the total to how we designed the Restore Fund with our partners. a wide range of solutions at our disposal, prioritizing
financial and climate benefits for investors while $280 million in committed capital. The projects aim to become certified to international significant emissions reductions, followed by long-
advancing a new model for carbon removal that standards developed by organizations such as term carbon removal initiatives like the Restore Fund.
addresses a broader spectrum of global potential TSMC and Murata are among the more than Verra; Gold Standard; the Climate, Community
for nature-based solutions. 320 suppliers in Apple’s Supplier Clean Energy & Biodiversity Alliance (CCBA); and the Forest We’ve been carbon neutral for our corporate
Program. The fund TSMC and Murata are investing Stewardship Council (FSC). Using these international emissions since April 2020. We started by
The expanded fund targets two types of investments: in alongside Apple will pool sustainably managed standards helps confirm that the carbon stored in reducing our corporate emissions through the
regenerative agriculture and other ecosystem assets, agriculture projects with ecosystem conservation forests is measured and reported to high standards use of 100 percent renewable electricity and energy
and a pipeline of landscape restoration projects that and restoration projects to generate both carbon and that projects have the most up-to-date efficiency efforts at our facilities. But emissions
aim to remove carbon from the atmosphere. and financial benefits. safeguards in place. The projects we choose also remain difficult to avoid in some activities —
seek to have a positive impact on the livelihoods including the natural gas used in some of our
In October 2022, Apple announced three new To improve the accuracy of monitoring and of local communities by bringing economic buildings and emissions from business air travel
projects through the Restore Fund and we’ve reporting, and verifying the projects’ carbon removal opportunities to often underserved rural economies. and employee commute.
invested with three high-quality forestry managers impact, Apple is deploying innovative remote And we’ll continue to focus on projects that protect
in Brazil and Paraguay. Our most recent project, sensing technologies using Space Intelligence’s lands with high conservation values. For the emissions we can’t avoid, we use high-quality
announced in March 2024, supports the restoration CarbonMapper and HabitatMapper and Upstream offsets as an interim solution. We’re intentional
of South America’s Atlantic Forest. Tech’s Lens. Using high-resolution satellite imagery about identifying avoided deforestation and removal
from Maxar and other providers, this initiative enables projects that are of a high standard and that achieve
Also in March 2024, Apple welcomed key us to view detailed habitat and forest carbon maps for meaningful impact. We often originate our own
manufacturing partners Taiwan Semiconductor our Restore Fund projects. Through our engagement projects working with a reputable partner, like
Manufacturing Company (TSMC) and Murata with the MIT Climate & Sustainability Consortium, Conservation International, or we carefully select
Manufacturing as new investors in the Restore Apple is jointly funding research with PepsiCo and projects from third-party-certified registries. For
Fund. Global semiconductor foundry TSMC will Cargill to improve the measurement of soil carbon more details about our purchases of high-quality
invest up to $50 million in a fund managed by in nature-based carbon removal projects. Apple and carbon credits, see Data.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 38
Apple 2030
Resources
Approach
Product longevity
Material recovery
Water
Zero waste
Smarter Chemistry

A strong case
for recycled materials
All MacBook Air models
contain 100 percent
recycled aluminum in the
enclosure. Our custom
aerospace-grade aluminum
alloy is lightweight, durable,
and scratch resistant.

Resources
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Approach

Resources
We’re committed to sourcing, Building durable, long-lasting products is central to Areas of impact
using, and recycling the materials our approach, making the best use of the resources
required to create them. We aim to one day make our
that we rely on in a way that
products solely from responsibly sourced recycled
meets our high standards and renewable materials — while maintaining our Product longevity
for labor, human rights, and same rigorous standards of quality and durability. Designing durable hardware, using software updates
environmental stewardship. Innovations and new approaches to recycling will to extend functionality, providing convenient access
make this possible. We’re able to recover and use the to safe and high-quality repair services, and directing
Our commitment to responsibly use resources materials that we rely on in our products in even greater devices and parts for refurbishments and reuse.
extends across our corporate operations and supply quantity, helping us begin to realize the full potential of
chain. This means sourcing responsibly, minimizing each resource.
our freshwater use, and eliminating waste across Water is one of our most critical resources. Because
Apple-owned and supplier sites. We work to reduce it’s also a community resource, we prioritize our Material recovery
the overall resource footprint supporting our products stewardship efforts: working toward the most efficient Improving how we collect end-of-life products and
by collaborating with suppliers, NGOs, recyclers, use of freshwater, using alternatives where possible, developing recycling innovations so that we and others
community stakeholders, and innovation leaders. We and managing our discharge responsibly. We also can use old devices as raw material sources for the future.
know that we can’t do this work alone — it requires look beyond our facilities to the water basins where
broader engagement through collaborations we operate. We’re working to improve the quality
enabling the stewardship of shared resources. of the water that our communities rely on through Water
collaborations with local partners — including Reducing water impacts in the manufacturing of our
companies, NGOs, and government agencies. products, the use of our services, and our facility
We also conserve resources by working to eliminate operations. At the same time transitioning to alternative
waste. We work to reuse and recycle across our solutions, improving the quality of water that we
operations and throughout our supply chain. We discharge, and protecting shared water resources.
aim to eliminate waste where we and our suppliers
operate. These efforts include reducing the overall
amount of waste that we generate, innovating reuse
Zero waste
approaches, and creating new recycling opportunities
Minimizing overall waste generated and eliminating
with local businesses.
waste sent to landfill from our manufacturing supply
chain as well as our corporate offices, data centers,
and retail stores.
We continued our initiative focusing on enhancing and supporting our electrochemical metal-finishing processes,
like anodizing, which has the potential to save hundreds of millions of gallons of water annually when applied at scale.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 40
Apple 2030
Resources
Smarter Chemistry

Product longevity
In our design approach, Approach 2023 progress
we combine hardware built to
70%
We’re committed to building long-lasting To achieve product longevity,
endure the rigors of everyday devices, and part of achieving that is designing we prioritize the following actions:
use, tailored software updates durable hardware. To minimize products’ need
less emissions
for repair, we refine features that improve
that unlock new features and
durability, like water resistance and Ceramic Back glass repair on all
functionality, and access to repair Shield, which protects the iPhone display. Durability Software updates iPhone 15 models has 70 percent
services when needed. This also And we provide regular software support, so Designing our devices with consideration to Providing free software updates to enhance less greenhouse gas emissions
per repair compared with
helps keep products in use for customers can update their devices to the most the potentially rugged use by our customers our customers’ experience by allowing them
recent operating systems and unlock the latest while aiming to minimize maintenance and to access the latest features available to their iPhone 14 Pro.*
as long as possible so that new
features and functionality for as long as possible. repair interruptions. And utilizing a rigorous device for as long as possible — including
customers can experience
40
reliability testing process that simulates important security and privacy updates.
Apple products and services We’ve also expanded access to safe, reliable, real-world use to maximize the lifespan
with secondhand devices. and secure repair services to meet our of our products. products
customers’ needs. When products require repair,
Refurbishment and reuse Self Service Repair now supports
customers can more easily find repair options
Collecting devices for refurbishing and 40 Apple products in 33 countries
that work for them.
reuse through several programs, including and 24 languages since our
Repair access
Apple Trade In, the iPhone Upgrade expansion in December 2023.
Offering access to safe, reliable, and secure
Program, AppleCare service, and our
repairs by expanding the number of Apple

12.8M
corporate Hardware Reuse Program
Authorized Service Providers (AASPs) and
to extend product life.
Independent Repair Providers (IRPs), as well
as Self Service Repair (SSR) for customers devices
who want to complete their own repairs.
We’ve sent nearly 12.8 million
devices and accessories to new
users for reuse from programs
like Apple Trade In and AppleCare.

* Based on our life cycle assessment (LCA).

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Durability During product development, we test numerous DESIGNING PRODUCTS FOR DURABILITY
units of a product, relying on the results to inform
Durable products hold their value longer. iPhone,
each successive round of design. In 2023 Apple iPhone 7, which was introduced in 2016, still
for example, holds its value longer compared to
other smartphones.64 As of January 2024, iPhone 7,
launched Apple Watch Ultra 2, with a design had monetary value for Apple Trade In in the
which was introduced in 2016, still had monetary
developed for a high level of durability to support United States as of March 2024.
the needs of our most adventurous and explorative
value for Apple Trade In in the United States.65
customers. Apple Watch Ultra 2 was designed for
demanding conditions that required a series of
We design our devices with the rigors of daily use
new environmental and impact tests to maintain
in mind. Engineers in our Reliability Testing Lab
the device’s high level of reliability. Tests that
assess our designs against our strict durability
our engineering team developed supported
standards that measure the performance of
compliance with MIL-STD-810H — a standard
materials, components, and fully assembled
used for military equipment that’s also popular
products. They use testing methods that mimic
among rugged device manufacturers.66 This also
realistic conditions in which our customers use
included low-pressure testing to simulate a range
their products, assessing many aspects of each
of environmental conditions, such as high altitude,
device. To understand how our customers push
extreme temperatures, temperature shock, chemical
their products, in-depth user studies are constantly
exposure, freezing and thawing, shock, vibration,
being performed. The results are then used to
submersion, and other assessments to emulate
further define durability standards of our products.
operations in rugged settings. Our engineers
performed these tests in addition to other trusted
reliability procedures developed through iteration
across several generations of the Apple Watch
product line.
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IPHONE LONGEVITY JOURNEY

Increased durability and repairability enhance iPhone longevity

2007 2010 2016 2018 2021 2023

70%
Back glass repair on
all iPhone 15 models
has 70 percent less
greenhouse gas emissions
per repair compared with
iPhone 14 Pro.†

* iPhone 7, iPhone X, iPhone

13 and iPhone 15 models
iPhone (1st generation) iPhone 4 iPhone 7 iPhone X iPhone 13 iPhone 15 are splash, water, and dust
resistant and were tested under
SIM tray SIM tray SIM tray SIM tray SIM tray SIM tray controlled laboratory conditions.
iPhone 7 and iPhone X have
Battery Battery Battery Battery Battery a rating of IP67 under IEC
standard 60529 (maximum
Haptics Haptics Haptics Haptics Haptics depth of 1 meter up to 30
Rear camera Rear camera R
 ear camera Rear camera Rear camera minutes). iPhone 15 has a rating
of IP68 under IEC standard
Main logic board Main logic board Main logic board Main logic board 60529 (maximum depth of
6 meters up to 30 minutes).
Display Display Display Display Splash, water, and dust
resistance are not permanent
Splash,
 water, and B
 ottom speaker Bottom speaker Bottom speaker conditions and resistance might
dust resistant: IP67* Enclosure Top speaker Top speaker decrease as a result of normal
wear. Do not attempt to charge
S
 apphire crystal S
 plash, water, and Enclosure Enclosure a wet iPhone; refer to the user
lens cover dust resistant: IP67* guide for cleaning and drying
TrueDepth camera TrueDepth camera instructions. Liquid damage not
S
 apphire crystal Splash, water, and Back glass** covered under warranty.
lens cover dust resistant: IP68* Main microphone‡ ** Back glass repair is available for
 Surgical-grade  Sapphire crystal all iPhone 15 models.
Splash, water, and
stainless steel lens cover dust resistant: IP68* ‡ Main microphone repair only
available for iPhone 15 and
Surgical-grade Sapphire crystal iPhone 15 Plus.
stainless steel lens cover
Repairable at retail stores, Apple
† Based on our life cycle
Authorized Service Providers, Ceramic Shield Aerospace-grade aluminum assessment (LCA).
and central repair locations
Features to enhance durability
Ceramic Shield
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Repair access
We design our products to be durable and with
Launched in April 2022, Self Service Repair gives
individuals access to repair manuals and genuine
Apple parts and tools through the Apple Self Service
GLOBAL REPAIR LOCATIONS

Expanding access to repair worldwide

10,000+
minimal need for repair. But if a repair is needed, Independent Repair Providers

customers should have easy access to convenient,

Repair Store. In February 2024, Apple Diagnostics to support product longevity and Apple Authorized
for Self Service Repair was made available in Service Providers
quality repair services to get their device back up
Europe, following its introduction to the U.S. in 2023.
and running as quickly as possible.

33
Apple Diagnostics troubleshooting sessions give
customers the same ability as Apple Authorized
We’ve expanded our repair footprint over the
Service Providers and Independent Repair Providers
past three years — nearly doubling the number countries, 24 languages,
to test devices for optimal part functionality and
of professional service locations that have access and 40 Apple products
performance, as well as to identify which parts
to genuine Apple parts, tools, and training. Repair now supported by Self
may need repair. Service Repair
options include Apple Store locations, Apple
Authorized Service Providers, participating
Self Service Repair is available in the U.S. and

35+
Independent Repair Providers, mail-in repair
is now available for Apple users in 24 European
centers, onsite service, and Self Service Repair.
countries — including Croatia, Denmark, Greece,
This also includes a global network of more than
Netherlands, Portugal, and Switzerland. With our types of device
10,000 Independent Repair Providers and Apple
expansion announced in December 2023, Self repairs offered by Self
Authorized Service Providers. Service Repair
Service Repair now supports 40 Apple products
in 33 countries and 24 languages.
Since 2019, our Independent Repair Provider
program has enabled repair businesses of all sizes
to access genuine Apple parts, tools, diagnostics,
and training. This program expanded from the U.S.,
Europe, and Canada to more than 200 countries and
territories worldwide. We also continue to expand
coverage by offering repair service at our customers’
homes and offices in select cities across the United
States. We train and certify service personnel to
repair Apple products. This helps them correctly
diagnose issues, leading to successful service and
repair and preventing damage to devices so that
 pple Authorized Service Providers, retail stores,
A
they work as they should. and Independent Repair Providers
Self Service Repair
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Designing products with

repairability in mind
• We’ve expanded the availability of repair parts to
support older products for up to seven years in
iOS 17, our most recent release, extends support
back to iPhone XS (2018). iPadOS 17 compatibility
We collect devices for refurbishment and reuse
through several programs, including Apple Trade In, 12.8M
countries around the world. For example, a program goes back to the sixth-generation iPad (2018), and the iPhone Upgrade Program, AppleCare service, We’ve sent nearly
We continue to make progress in designing more for Mac laptops makes battery repair available for macOS 14 Sonoma supports MacBook models from and our corporate Hardware Reuse Program. In 2023, 12.8 million devices and
durable products and offering customers more repair up to 10 years after a product was last distributed, 2018 and later. The updates in each operating system we sent nearly 12.8 million devices and accessories accessories to new owners
options. At the same time, we’re working to make subject to parts availability. make the latest capabilities — from Messages and to new owners for reuse. The Apple Trade In program, for reuse in 2023.
repairs more accessible and affordable through the Lock Screen to Continuity features — available available in 27 countries, provides customers with
the following efforts: For more information, refer to the Apple Support page to a broad user base. These updates also provide product end-of-life options — they can access
about the availability of service parts and repairs. more customers with access to the newest security the value of their current device if they upgrade
• iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro Max have a new and privacy features. to a newer model, or they can trade in their device
internal structural frame that makes it easier to for free.
repair and significantly reduces repair costs. Software updates High adoption rates are a clear signal customers find
For example, the cost of back glass repair for value in software updates. By February 2024, more Our customers drive the success of our trade-in
iPhone 15 Pro is reduced by more than 60 percent Free software updates also support our product
than 75 percent of all iPhone devices introduced in programs and those of third parties and each product
compared to iPhone 14 Pro.67 The aluminum longevity goals. We provide these to enhance our
the last four years had updated to iOS 17, and iPadOS that’s refurbished and reused contributes to reducing
housing and back glass are no longer one customers’ experience by allowing them to access
17 was being used on more than 60 percent of iPad our overall environmental footprint.
enclosure, so repairs to the back glass don’t the latest features available to their device for as
devices introduced in the last four years.
require replacing the housing. long as possible. This includes important security
Some device parts can also be reused. We continue
and privacy updates. As we continually improve
• The 13-inch MacBook Air with Retina display to expand the number of parts that can be recovered
the operating systems that power our products,
(2018) and later models allow for battery we also make sure that each software release runs
Refurbishment and reuse or refurbished to our high quality and performance
replacement with a stretch-release adhesive, standards so they can be reused as replacements.
seamlessly on all supported devices. Customers can Refurbishing and reusing products helps lower the
improving repairability. This enables us to reduce the need to create spare
benefit from the latest software updates whether impact that each device has on the environment —
parts as we repair devices. We also remain focused
• iPad mini (6th generation) and iPad Air (5th they’re using a brand-new device or one that’s including carbon intensity per year of life. We extend
on opportunities to reuse accessories sent for
generation) support same-unit battery several generations older. the life of our products by building them to serve
recycling. For example, we send collected power
replacement in select locations. more than one owner — enabling customers to
cables and adapters that still function to our final
exchange devices for an upgrade.
assembly sites, where they power products used
on production lines.
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Smarter Chemistry

Material recovery
Even after a product reaches the Approach 2023 progress
end of its life, the materials within
40K
We aim to design our products for optimal
it can serve the next generation material recovery, innovate recycling
of products. Each time that we technology, and work with others to help
MT of scrap
build circular supply chains.
effectively recover materials from
Directed nearly 40,000 metric tons
end-of-life products, we enable of electronic scrap to recycling
circular supply chains. This helps facilities globally with the help of
Recycler partnerships and innovation customer and employee programs
reduce the need to mine new
Positioning recycling strategy as a key part
materials and can save the energy
17
of our efforts to create circular supply chains
expended in extracting and refining and working to make it easier for customers
materials, driving down emissions to recycle our products.
categories
and conserving resources.
Deployed autonomous mobile
robots (AMRs) to transport materials
Disassembly and recovery advancement across our operations, as well as an
Continuing to develop better, more efficient automated product sorter that uses
means of disassembling products that maximize machine learning to identify and sort
our products into 17 categories
material recovery while minimizing waste.

Fostering next generations of recycling

29
models
Committing to a long-term approach to
recycling innovation, relying on and continually Expanded the capabilities of Daisy,
our disassembly robot, enabling it
improving current approaches while nurturing
to quickly and skillfully take apart
new and emerging technologies. And
29 iPhone models — including
supporting initiatives that set out to redefine
various models between iPhone
disassembly and material recovery for Apple
5 and iPhone 14 Pro Max — into
products — and throughout our industry. discrete components

In 2023, we expanded the capabilities of Daisy, which can now disassemble 29 iPhone models into discrete components.
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Optimizing recycling through In 2023, we conducted 91 recycler assessments. Through the Apple Education Hub, part of our
partnerships and innovation We’ve increasingly sought out specialty providers Supplier Employee Development Fund, we’ve also
capable of handling specific material streams to supported our U.S. recyclers in their efforts to
Our recycling strategy is a key part of our efforts enhance the quantity and quality of materials. This improve recycling capacity, quality, and efficiency
to create circular supply chains. We provide or global footprint of recyclers also helps us build a with a lean manufacturing educational program.
participate in product take-back and recycling more resilient recycling supply chain and innovate Embracing lean methodologies and management
collection programs in 99 percent of the countries with more suppliers around the world. systems can bolster employee engagement, mitigate
where we sell products. Our customers can trade safety issues, and improve recycling economics.
in devices for reuse or recycling at retail locations Education and training can help us improve Read more about these programs in our People
and through recycling programs offered by local recovery rates for our products. We’ve invested and Environment in Our Supply Chain 2024 Annual
operators around the world. They also have the deeply in this because it provides recyclers with the Progress Report.
option to do so online through programs like information they need to improve efficiency, quality,
Apple Trade In. and capacity. We work with recyclers to continue We’re also continuing our partnership with Atea —
devising new recycling solutions that can be shared a leading provider of IT infrastructure solutions in the
In 2023, we directed nearly 40,000 metric tons through training and ongoing support. We help these Nordic and Baltic regions — to collect end-of-life
of electronic scrap globally to recycling facilities partners develop the ability to disassemble our iPhone devices for recycling with our Daisy robot
with the help of customer and employee programs. products and recover as much material as possible in the Netherlands. We encourage our customers
while minimizing waste. around the world to return end-of-life devices to
We work with best-in-class recyclers to maximize Apple so that materials can be reintroduced to the
the potential of the recycling materials stream and We continue to expand our Apple Recycler Guides circular economy. To learn more about our recycling
drive our efforts to close the loop on key materials. to provide up-to-date recycling guidance across programs, visit the Apple Reuse and Recycling
We define best-in-class recyclers as those capable of our products. Our engineering teams develop these Program web page.
recovering materials at high rates and doing so with guides to help professional recyclers optimize
better environmental and safety performance. We recovery and complete the processes using the tools
verify recyclers’ compliance with our Supplier Code and procedures available to them. The guides provide
of Conduct and Supplier Responsibility Standards valuable insight into the recycling process, including
through third-party assessments. In addition, we recommendations for directing disassembled parts
look for our recyclers to maintain regional leading to downstream facilities for resource recovery.
certifications, such as WEEELABEX, e-Stewards®, We’re increasing the market availability of high-
or R2. We assess our recyclers regularly for quality recycled content by improving material
compliance with standards, regulations, and best recovery rates.
practices in the areas of labor and human rights;
security; and environment, health, and safety (EHS).
We work with best-in-class recyclers to drive our efforts to close the loop on key materials used in our products.
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Developing new approaches We’re also working to improve the material handling materials through X-ray imaging combined with RGB
to disassembly and recovery efforts of demanufacturing. Last year, we began imaging. And we’re optimizing our robots’ abilities
deploying overhead projector–based augmented to handle objects and adjust to contact, enabling
Innovation plays a key role in realizing the potential of reality systems to recyclers, which project them to “feel” by using high-frequency force
recycling Apple products. We continue to develop instructions for demanufacturing processes onto feedback and machine learning. Through this work,
better, more efficient means of disassembling the work surface. These systems are designed to we’re driving toward developing truly intelligent
products that maximize material recovery while further improve safety, productivity, and efficiency. disassembly technology. Learn more about Apple’s
minimizing waste. Our Material Recovery Lab (MRL), research with Carnegie Mellon University in our
an R2-certified facility in Austin, Texas, focuses on white paper.
assessing the recyclability of our products, helping Designing for the next
inform design decisions that support disassembly
generation of recycling
and recovery. The MRL’s work has led the way in Advanced disassembly
automated approaches to material recovery with We’re committed to a long-term approach to
our robots Daisy, Dave, and Taz. recycling innovation, relying on and continually Daisy: In 2023, we expanded the capabilities of
improving current approaches while nurturing Daisy, which can now disassemble 29 iPhone
We’re also developing new technologies at our new and emerging technologies. And we continue models into discrete components. Daisy can
R2-certified asset recovery center in Santa Clara to support initiatives that set out to redefine disassemble up to 1.2 million phones each year,
Valley, California, that uses automation and disassembly and material recovery. helping us recover more valuable materials for
machine learning to facilitate recycling processes recycling. From just one metric ton of iPhone main
that typically require manual sorting, which can We’re investing in recycling innovations that can logic boards, flexes, and camera modules recovered
be time intensive and error prone. In 2023, we have industry-wide impacts. For several years, by Daisy, our recycling partner can recover the same
deployed autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) to we’ve worked with Carnegie Mellon University’s amount of gold and copper as can be obtained from
transport materials across our operations, as well Biorobotics Lab in the School of Computer Science’s more than 2,000 metric tons of mined rock.68 The
as an automated product sorter that uses machine Robotics Institute to identify and disassemble U.S. Patent and Trademark Office issued Apple As of 2024, Taz is operating at our recycling partner in China.

learning to identify and sort our products into 17 e-scrap. This project has the potential to enable five patents related to Daisy, and we’re willing to
categories. These technologies improve material recyclers to recover the materials at a higher quality. license these to researchers and other electronics Dave: A robot that enables the recovery of rare earth Taz: Helps recycle modules by separating magnets
handling and sorting efficiency, which has a direct The software we develop will be open source and manufacturers who are developing their own magnets as well as tungsten and steel by specializing containing rare earth elements from audio modules.
impact on the material capacity of our operations. available to others in the industry who are working disassembly processes in hopes that they will follow in the disassembly of the Taptic Engine. As of 2023 While rare earth elements are typically lost in
This work aims to create low-cost solutions that to maximize the recovery of recyclable materials. suit and work to increase the share of recycled Dave is operating at our recycling partner in China. conventional shredders, Taz is designed to access
our suppliers can deploy to recover more materials, We’ve also collaborated with the lab to improve materials in the supply chain.69 these valuable materials, improving our overall
freeing up their employees for more complex tasks the accuracy of disassembly and the recovery of recovery rate. As of 2024, Taz and Daisy are
that can’t be easily automated. operating at our recycling partner in China.
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Water
We aim to advance water security Strategy 2023 progress
and protect communities in the
31.2M
Water is a local resource, so our strategy is We use these insights to inform our water We focus our work
places where we and our suppliers context based and respectful of local conditions program priorities. And we work directly with on five strategic pillars:
operate through actions that where we and our suppliers operate. We collect our suppliers to ensure that they have robust
gallons
and analyze data and site-level feedback to policies, are managing their wastewater
improve freshwater availability,
make sure we understand our water impacts. systems efficiently, and are reducing their We’ve collaborated with partners
quality, and equity. We use tools like the World Resources Institute overall consumption by reusing wastewater.
Low-water design
on freshwater replenishment
Minimizing water impacts in the design
(WRI) Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas to gain insights We partner with over 240 supplier facilities projects resulting in 31.2 million
of products, services, and sites gallons of volumetric
on local watershed health, such as baseline to guide them toward world-class water
water stress. conservation and management. water benefits.

20
We’ve developed a water footprint to understand We know that we can’t address water Site efficiency and conservation
how we use water across our value chain — stewardship challenges alone. Making Improving the performance of existing
in our own operations, our services, and our a meaningful impact on water requires sites and processes suppliers
manufacturing supply chain. Through our water collective action. To do that, we must go
footprint efforts, we’ve identified that 70 percent beyond our own operations to collaborate We’ve certified 20 suppliers
and five data centers to the
of our corporate water use occurs in areas with communities and work in basins on
Site water stewardship AWS Standard.
with high or extreme basin stress, and that the stewardship, replenishment, and WASH
Demonstrating responsibility beyond our
majority of our water-related impact is in the (water access, sanitation, and health) projects

42%
facilities through watershed-level management
manufacturing supply chain.70 throughout our value chain.

reuse rate
Replenishment and nature-based solutions
Through our Supplier Clean Water
Improving water availability, quality, and
Program, we’ve supported an
access through regenerative approaches
average 42 percent reuse rate
across our 242 participating
supplier facilities.

Leadership and advocacy

Advancing water management through
policy, advocacy, and technology innovation
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Low-water design will save up to 60 million gallons of freshwater Site efficiency WATER USE AT CORPORATE FACILITIES

We approach low-water design by first focusing on

use annually.72 Using wastewater for cooling will and conservation We track our corporate water use for
also allow us to achieve 28 million kilowatt-hour in
site selection, conducting a water risk evaluation
to determine whether a potential site is in a water-
energy savings annually at the location. In total, our Next, we identify steps to use less freshwater our data centers, retail stores, distribution
in our existing operations, prioritizing regions
stressed area. The results inform our site selection
low-water design efforts avoided 150 million gallons
where our efforts can immediately reduce stress
centers, and corporate offices
of freshwater use in 2023.73
and help mitigate the impact of our expected water on local watersheds.
use. We then design solutions to manage the quality
In our supply chain, a majority of water is used
of the wastewater that we return to the watershed.
during manufacturing. For example, in 2023 we In 2023, our facilities used about 1.6 billion gallons 3%
continued an initiative that focuses on eradicating of water in our direct operations, a 5 percent increase Other alternative sources
In our corporate operations, we discharge the from 2022 — driven mostly by increases in our
potential hazards associated with liquid discharge We capture rainwater and recover
majority of our wastewater to the sanitary sewer. corporate campus portfolio. However, through our
throughout our manufacturing supply chain. The condensate as alternative water
Up to 54 percent of the water that we use at our site efficiency and conservation efforts, we saved
purpose of the initiative is to enhance and support sources for onsite use.
corporate locations is discharged back into the local 79 million gallons of freshwater in 2023.74 Last
our electrochemical metal-finishing processes,
water system rather than consumed.71 We monitor year, alternative water sources accounted for
like anodizing. This effort incorporates cutting-
the water quality from sites where we have an
edge technologies, including optimal water about 10 percent of our total corporate water 9%
industrial wastewater discharge so that each location

1,610
management, modular filtration and recovery units, usage — primarily from municipal recycled water
meets or exceeds local discharge requirements. Recycled water
acid recovery systems, and evaporators. Pilot lines sources. Additional efficiency and conservation
We source recycled water as a key
have demonstrated success during the enclosures accomplishments include:
At our Capstone campus in Austin, Texas, we aim to alternative to freshwater and use it
anodizing process with recovery and reuse rates Mgal
achieve net-zero water use by relying on an onsite primarily for irrigation, cooling systems,
reaching 75 to 80 percent for water and more than • We used rainwater capture systems to source
wastewater reuse system, as well as condensate and toilet flushing. Our recycled water
95 percent for acid. This process improvement has 9 million gallons of water at Apple locations in
recovery and stormwater capture, limiting potable comes mostly from municipal treatment
the potential to save hundreds of millions of gallons Texas, North Carolina, Ireland, Taiwan, and Japan.
water use to potable purposes only. This effort plants, with less than 5 percent coming
of water annually when applied at scale. • In 2023, we captured 2.6 million gallons of from onsite treatment.
condensate from our condensate recovery systems
in Santa Clara Valley and Austin.
88%
• At Apple Park, we completed a new blending tank Freshwater
project that will enable us to replace up to 18 million We define freshwater as drinking-water
gallons of potable water with recycled water quality, the majority of which comes
per year. from municipal sources, with less than
5 percent sourced from groundwater.
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At our data centers, server upgrades in 2023 resulted Since the program’s launch in 2013, the average Through AWS, we’ve certified five of the seven CERTIFIED DATA CENTERS
in 12 million gallons of water saved. We’ve also reuse rate of the 246 participating suppliers has data centers that we own and operate in Prineville,
piloted a resin water treatment system that reduced increased to 42 percent, saving our suppliers Oregon; Reno, Nevada; Maiden, North Carolina;
Number of Apple-owned data centers
makeup water use by 30 percent and discharge by 12.7 billion gallons of freshwater in 2023 and a total Mesa, Arizona; and Viborg, Denmark. We’re on track certified by Alliance for Water Stewardship
up to 60 percent.75 Based on this success, we’re of over 76 billion gallons of water savings.76 These to certify the remaining two Apple-owned-and-
implementing this technology at our data centers savings come from a range of initiatives, such as the operated data centers by 2025.77
in Prineville, Oregon, and Mesa, Arizona. reuse of reclaimed water, upgrades to water-efficient
equipment, and countercurrent rinse methods. Since 2018, 20 of our supplier sites have been
We also continued to pilot a plant-based water certified to the AWS Standard, 16 of which achieved 2021 2023 2024
treatment using sustainably harvested sphagnum a Platinum rating — the highest score within the Prineville, OR Reno, NV Viborg, DK
moss at several data centers, helping eliminate Site level water stewardship AWS framework. In May 2023, we partnered with Mesa, AZ
the need for biocides and corrosion inhibitors. AWS and the Suzhou Industrial Park Administration Maiden, NC
We engage with the communities around our
This system, which uses compostable, natural Committee to conduct a training session for Suzhou
facilities for the protection of local watersheds.
sphagnum moss to improve water quality, can further Industrial Park (SIP) tenants. This training promoted
Since 2018, we’ve partnered with the Alliance for
support water savings. We implemented this at our water stewardship and helped establish a more
Water Stewardship (AWS) to advance the AWS
Reno, Nevada, and Maiden, North Carolina, data comprehensive water management system for their
Standard, the first global framework to measure
centers and have begun a permanent installation factories, including Apple suppliers.
responsible water stewardship across social, cultural,
in Mesa, Arizona.
environmental, and economic criteria. In 2020, we
joined the AWS board of trustees to highlight water
Our supply chain accounts for 99 percent of our
stewardship opportunities to our suppliers and
total water footprint, based on our detailed water
promote collective action on shared water challenges
inventory. We require our suppliers to maintain the Goal
impacting the sector.
high standards for water discharge outlined in the
Apple Supplier Code of Conduct. Through our Clean We aim to
Water Program, we help suppliers minimize process certify all our
water impacts and adopt best practices in water
management and wastewater treatment.
owned and
operated
data centers
by 2025
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Replenishment and Drinking Water Supply in India: Provided drinking Floodplain Restoration in Northern California: Our 2023 outreach efforts included: • Catawba-Wateree Water Management Group:
nature-based solutions water in partnership with the Uptime Catalyst Facility Collaborated with River Partners, a leader in large- Joined the Advisory Board to partner locally on
in India. This total exceeded our corporate freshwater scale, multi-benefit river restoration, on a project • Volumetric Water Benefit Accounting sustainable water management in high-water
Replenishment and nature-based solutions are withdrawals for the year. Uptime operates an that helps restore native vegetation and wetlands methodology: Engaged in the development withdrawal basins in which we operate. This
essential tools for addressing water availability, innovative, performance-based program that enables on 750 acres of farmland at the confluence of the of the next phase of this methodology with the organization oversees water management in the
quality, and access. Our goal is to replenish Safe Water Network and their community partners Sacramento River, Feather River, and Butte Creek. World Resources Institute (WRI) to further Catawba-Wateree Basin, home to our Maiden,
100 percent of our corporate freshwater withdrawals to maintain and distribute clean, affordable water The work also supports the migration and rearing technical standards in the sector. North Carolina data center.
in high-stress locations by 2030.78 This work began in Telangana and Maharashtra through more than of all four runs of Chinook salmon in the Sacramento
in 2022 with projects in Southern California and India, • University of Oxford and Uptime: Contributed • Water Champion Field Trip: Hosted 28 brand
300 kiosks. River Basin. Our first project in Northern California
and grew in 2023 with contracted projects in two to the briefing paper “Reducing uncertainty in leaders, suppliers, and local partners to tour
addresses the critical need to increase floodplain
key locations — Northern California, home to our corporate water impact: The role of Results- nature-based solutions and wetlands restoration
This program provided approximately 23 million habitat, connectivity, and function for both the
corporate headquarters, and the Colorado River Based Contracting for drinking water supply,” projects aimed at reducing water pollution to raise
gallons of drinking water in 2023. environment and communities in California’s
Basin, home to our Mesa data center. which explains the efficiency and effectiveness awareness of water issues and water stewardship.
resource-rich Central Valley. This project will restore
of these contracts in delivering corporate
Forest Restoration in Arizona: Started an initiative the river ecosystem and improve the safety and • Frank Water: Continued our partnership with the
Our 2023 projects included: funding to augment drinking water supply
with Salt River Project to restore approximately reliability of the state’s flood control system. India-based organization that works alongside
in developing regions.79
30,000 acres of degraded and at-risk forest in a local partners to support access to safe water,
Invasive Species Removal in Southern California: source watershed for the Phoenix metro area, which Our support is expected to result in nearly 5 billion • Ceres Global annual conference: Addressed sanitation, and hygiene. In 2023, the grant
Funded the removal of the invasive Arundo donax includes our Mesa data center. Our agreement gallons of volumetric water benefits over 20 years. the investor community to highlight the business supported the expansion of the organization’s
cane species in the San Fernando Valley area will increase the pace and scale of efforts by the case for focusing on water impacts. programming from focusing on Bangalore to also
of the Los Angeles River watershed. This plant U.S. Forest Service and the Arizona Department of include Chennai. This involved implementing
• UN 2023 Water Conference: Presented
monopolizes resources, displacing wildlife and Forestry and Fire Management to strategically thin Advocacy efforts and on the importance of expanding the adoption
the Decision Support System and stakeholder
stressing local watersheds. This removal effort by
the Council for Watershed Health (CWH) addresses
forests in Northern Arizona at high risk for severe local partnerships of water stewardship approaches.
engagement mapping tools, designed with our
wildfire, which can severely degrade water supplies. support, in a new critical region of India.
water availability in the watershed, which feeds the Our work in water afforded us another opportunity: • AWS Global Water Stewardship Forum:
greater Los Angeles area. In 2023, the project provided estimated water to lead with others and push for change across Participated to share our expanded strategic
benefits of 8.2 million gallons. Apple’s support of industries. We collaborate with groups, including initiatives in our corporate sites and indirect
This project will save an estimated 21 million the project is expected to result in 1.8 billion gallons AWS and the Responsible Business Alliance (RBA), supplier efforts.
gallons of water annually. of volumetric water benefits over the next 20 years. and we speak at conferences and engage with
audiences driving impact within their communities
and industries
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Zero waste
We’re committed to eliminating Approach 2023 progress
waste sent to landfill — and the
environmental costs that come with
it. At our offices, retail locations,
Measuring our progress
Understanding the amount of waste that
74%
diversion rate
data centers, and construction we divert at the source and our ability to
In 2023 we achieved a waste
sites, we’re implementing systems protect the communities where we and
diversion rate of 74% for
our suppliers operate.
and adopting approaches to avoid the waste generated in our
corporate operations.
sending waste to landfill, and
we ask the manufacturers in our
supply chain to do the same. Our
focus is on innovative approaches
Prioritizing waste-free operations
Reducing waste at our own facilities and
those of our manufacturing suppliers.
3M
metric tons
to eliminating waste generated
As a result of Apple’s Zero
during manufacturing and engaging Waste Program, 3 million metric
with local specialty recyclers and tons of waste were redirected
Driving waste diversion and elimination
from landfill by supplier facilities.
composters to redirect materials Using zero-waste approaches at our
from landfills. offices, retail locations, and data centers.

185+
facilities
Partnering for waste reduction
Promoting and supporting programs and More than 185 Apple supplier
practices for our manufacturing suppliers. facilities across 11 countries and
And working with specialty recyclers regions are zero-waste assured
and composters to redirect materials by UL Solutions.
from landfills.

In 2023, our Viborg, Denmark, facility became the third to receive TRUE Platinum certification, which requires
more than 90 percent of waste from a facility to be recycled, composted, or redirected for reuse.
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Reducing waste at our

corporate facilities
Promoting material reuse,
composting, and waste diversion across
Reusable Air Filters: In 2023, we fully switched to
reusable air filters to reduce waste sources — like
Driving solutions internally through
communication, reporting, and education 25tn
our corporate and retail locations packaging materials and commonly used equipment. Our employees play a critical role in reporting on We partnered with
We’re reducing the amount of waste generated We prioritize finding opportunities to recycle Previously, no off-the-shelf reusable air filters were waste and facilitating waste audits at our locations. an industry-leading
in our corporate operations and directing more construction and demolition waste and recently available for our application. In 2019, we partnered We support these efforts with training, education, automotive filtration and
to recycling programs. In 2023, recycling and accomplished the following: with an industry-leading automotive filtration and and access to resources. In 2022, we standardized technology company to
composting efforts allowed us to achieve a waste design a sustainable air
technology company to design a sustainable solution waste reporting requirements and implemented
diversion rate of 74 percent — up from 71 percent in filtration solution that helps
• In 2023, our recycling and source separation that met very specific design criteria for our design a centralized dashboard system across all our data
avoid landfilling 25 tons of
2022. We also limited landfill waste from our global from corporate office and data center construction centers. And to date more than 58,000 reusable centers and corporate offices. Our retail auditing
dirty filters per year.
operations to about 17,400 metric tons.80 and demolition efforts resulted in a waste high-performance air filters — which are also program examined five locations in North America,
diversion rate of 88 percent — approximately available for other companies to use — have been documenting the material characteristics of our
We’ve continued our efforts to make progress on 23,600 metric tons. placed in Apple-managed facilities worldwide. By waste. This data is allowing for better assessment
waste diversion since achieving our first zero-waste replacing disposable air filters with reusable ones, of our waste practices and opportunities to improve
certification, UL Solution’s Zero Waste to Landfill • New initiatives at our San Diego and Culver City
we avoid landfilling 25 tons of dirty filters each year. our approaches. We also provide site-specific zero-
Validation, in 2015 for our campus in Cork, Ireland. campuses, alongside more than 30 participating
Further, the reusable air filters are more energy waste training for all Apple data centers. All new
In 2023, our Taiwan Technology Center became the locations, achieved an average diversion rate of
efficient, leading to 35 percent savings in data center employees are required to complete
second Apple facility to receive the UL Solutions 91 percent.
fan energy use. the site-specific zero-waste training and receive
Zero Waste to Landfill Validation.81 Our corporate • We also developed several specialty recycling manager approval of completion.
offices in Sacramento and Culver City, California, as initiatives to return materials back to their original Managing hazardous waste:We remain committed
well as our data center in Viborg, Denmark, received supplier. The program salvaged more than to safely and responsibly managing hazardous waste.
TRUE certification in 2023, joining our data centers 100 metric tons of material, yielding over To make sure that wastes are treated, recycled, or
in Mesa, Arizona, and Prineville, Oregon.82 These 50 metric tons of both ceiling tile and sheetrock, incinerated according to safety and environmental
facilities achieved TRUE Platinum, the highest over 40 metric tons of carpet tile, and over standards in the U.S., Apple performs audits of
certification level. TRUE recognizes facilities that 6 metric tons of glass to reuse the materials in treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs),
divert more than 90 percent of waste for recycling, new products. with seven performed in 2023. We continually
compost, or reuse. reevaluate the facilities that dispose of and manage
hazardous and regulated wastes, working to
assess disposal methods, availability, economics,
and sustainability.
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Taking a zero-waste As part of the Supplier Code of Conduct requirement, have participated in Zero Waste Program since
approach with our suppliers we also require more than 1,000 supplier production its inception — including those who provide core
facilities to report waste inventory to Apple annually. technology components, displays, PCB and flex,
We’re committed to zero waste. Apple employees, Facilities have received trainings and templates packaging and enclosures. They’ve diverted more
suppliers, recyclers, and waste solution providers to record and correctly classify waste data and than 352,000 metric tons of waste from landfills.
are central to achieving this goal. Since we launched document the visible diversion rate. To verify the
the Zero Waste Program for our manufacturing waste data quality, we partnered with third-party Pushing toward zero-waste innovation
partners in 2015, we’ve continued to make auditors to conduct sample evaluations, which We use novel recycling strategies and approaches
considerable progress. And we’ve expanded this focused on waste classifications, waste data to divert greater quantities of waste from landfill in
program to include more than 350 supplier facilities recordkeeping and reporting, and reasonable waste our supplier facilities at greater rates. We also pursue
across 13 countries and regions. treatment methods. material solutions to impact the waste streams
coming into these facilities to simplify and maximize
We require our suppliers to take part in our Zero We provide all facilities participating in the program the recyclable content that our suppliers work with.
Waste Program as part of our Supplier Code of with resources and guidance on how to reduce waste
Conduct. Suppliers must implement a systematic and reuse, recycle, or compost waste. Suppliers at Plastics comprise one of the major waste streams
approach for identifying all waste sources and these locations can also access tools to improve in our supply chain. For this reason, we’ve focused
characterizing each stream in the waste inventory, waste management and, in some cases, onsite our efforts on reducing the amount of plastic waste
developing a program or solution to quantify and support. The program is making an impact: In 2023, generated during manufacturing. In 2018, we
monitor their waste-to-landfill diversion rate, setting suppliers redirected more than 497,000 metric tons partnered with a key material vendor to develop
waste minimization goals, and maintaining progress of waste from landfills, bringing the total to components that have helped our suppliers reduce
toward achieving zero waste to landfill. Our Zero 3 million metric tons since the program’s inception waste. These include recyclable protective films
Waste Program provides training and tools to help — equivalent to eliminating 3.7 million square meters (RPFs) that safeguard products during manufacturing
suppliers track their waste, set waste minimization of landfill space. Throughout 2023, 100 percent and reusable trays used to securely deliver modules
goals, and create improvement plans for achieving of established final assembly sites maintained through assembly sites.
zero waste in their operations. zero-waste-to-landfill operations.83
We’re also working to reduce more complex waste
In 2023, the Supplier Zero Waste Implementation And we’re working on the next challenge in streams, including processing chemical waste
Plan became part of our assessment requirement, achieving zero waste, which is a level deeper into found further upstream in our supply chain. One
following a year of training and piloting. Now all our the subassembly module suppliers who assemble typical process waste is coolant, a chemical material
key manufacturing suppliers must implement the the individual components of Apple products. The used to cool the surface of machinery involved in
Zero Waste Program, which includes evaluating their waste stream at this level is often more complex than manufacturing components like enclosures. To avoid
performance against the program’s criteria. at final assembly sites, but we’re making progress. sending coolant waste to landfill or an incinerator,
As of 2023, more than 300 module suppliers we launched a series of coolant reduction initiatives
In 2023, we fully switched to reusable air filters to reduce waste sources — like packaging materials and commonly used equipment.
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in our enclosure supply chain. We focused on The Waste to Resource database we designed diversion through methods other than waste-to- Starting in 2022, Apple organized a series of
reducing coolant usage by implementing minimum provides access to available technologies and local energy. Through this standard, our supplier facilities webinars with suppliers, policymakers, and industrial
quantity lubricant (MQL) technology, an ultraviolet or recyclers that we’ve recommended by the suppliers can certify against clear benchmarks for waste leaders to share their experiences in the Zero
ozone approach to recycling coolant, and end-of-life we work with. The database includes information on diversion, including Platinum, Gold, and Silver levels Waste Program with participating suppliers and
recycling. These initiatives have reduced more than more than 1,500 resources across more than 250 of verification. We’ve spent the last seven years those who plan to join. These sessions provide an
20,000 metric tons of coolant-containing waste in cities in China, Thailand, India, and Vietnam — a expanding this program throughout our supply chain, opportunity to discuss lessons learned implementing
the past year. number that grows as we and our suppliers share with suppliers in China, India, and Vietnam becoming the Zero Waste Program, best practices around the
valuable resources through the database. As more UL validated. Since we switched from individual site compliance requirements of waste management, and
Engaging with suppliers to reduce waste of our suppliers achieve their zero-waste goals, we’re verification to system-level verification, suppliers emerging recycling and reduction technologies.
We work closely with our suppliers to realize our able to learn and share more information. We plan to participating in the assurance program can easily
zero-waste goals. This work faces a range of make this resource public for the benefit of the entire apply their verification statements from UL. We’re focused on expanding the impact of the Zero
challenges, including a lack of access to recycling electronics industry. Waste Program in our supply chain and beyond. In
technologies, the absence of local infrastructure, Supplier capability development 2023, we launched a zero-waste education initiative
and the lower value of recyclable material that One example of a resource benefiting the industry To address the challenge of waste classification for in India. Supported by our Supplier Employee
impacts the economics of recycling. is a tool developed by Apple and UL Solutions, our suppliers across different countries and regions, Development Fund, we’ve been able to design
partner that validates zero-waste efforts. The tool we’ve created the Apple Recommended Waste a series of zero-waste-related trainings specific
In 2023, we focused on reducing a significant portion provides the first-ever supply chain zero-waste Category List that provides standardized guidance to India for supplier leadership, employees, and
of plastics in manufacturing and transportation of management system assurance program, enabling on how to classify different types of waste. This has members of local communities.
our products. With packaging, we’ve already made third-party zero-waste verification at a systems level been implemented widely and used by suppliers
significant progress in transitioning to fiber-based rather than at a site level. The assurance procedure in the Zero Waste Program. Suppliers have also We’ve offered several learning programs in India that
materials. We’re now working to extend that success has allowed us to accelerate the verification process received access to training and coaching on waste cover sustainability basics, the roadmap for achieving
to the packaging module components used by our significantly and establishes a new model that classification to support their efforts in separating zero waste, and best practices in waste management.
suppliers during transportation and at assembly companies across industries can employ to verify waste while promoting waste reduction, reuse, These include supplier classroom sessions in
sites. Our suppliers have developed fiber alternatives zero-waste programs at scale. This streamlined and recycling. Bangalore and Chennai focused on leadership
to replace plastic films, foams, and bags. The initial approach has brought even more suppliers into capabilities and training to help scale the Zero Waste
pilot, launched in 2022, focused on reducing waste our program, with more than 185 facilities assured The data we’ve aggregated summarizes the top Program, as well as community e-learning resources
associated with iPad; the program now includes in 2023 by UL Solutions — 35 more than the 10 waste streams — including plastics, papers, to introduce sustainable living, domestic composting,
iPhone, Mac, Apple Watch, and AirPods. Since this previous year.84 and metals — and their corresponding diversion and basic waste management beyond the workplace
effort began, our suppliers have saved 3,600 metric solutions. This provides a valuable perspective on the that can benefit everyone.
tons in plastic used while manufacturing and We also provide support for our suppliers in verifying waste footprint across our supply chain; it also shows
transporting our products. their zero-waste efforts. Since launch, the foundation us where we can expend our efforts on material
of our Zero Waste Program has followed the UL 2799 utilization to reduce the amount of waste sent to
Zero Waste to Landfill Environmental Claim Validation incineration or landfill.
Procedure (ECVP), which requires at least 90 percent
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FEATURE

Green buildings
Whether we’re constructing a
data center or corporate office or
Our global footprint requires that we adapt to the
needs of different locations and climates while
gray water recycling reduced water consumption
by more than 84 percent. The site also diverted 108
pursuing our overall objectives. In 2023, two 95 percent of the construction waste from landfill As of 2023, 108 Apple
restoring a historic site to house a
Apple sites in Israel and Spain earned LEED Gold while using sustainably harvested wood for the buildings worldwide
retail store, we have an opportunity certification and one location achieved Platinum ceiling, furniture, and fixtures. The success of are LEED or BREEAM

to advance our vision of the world certification — our first in Southern California these efforts resulted from a strong partnership certified for environmental
performance.
we’d like to live in — one that’s to do so. A building on our Culver City campus with our local landlord partner who shared our
demonstrated reductions of more than 45 percent values and priorities, ensuring that our collective
inclusive and accessible, reflects
reduction in indoor water use and more than environmental objectives were achieved.
the value we place on creativity 15 percent in energy use. For construction and
and innovation, and furthers our demolition waste, the site diverted more than Our new Apple Battersea retail location in the
environmental goals. 75 percent of materials. The location was also historic Battersea Power Station in London
recognized for its ease of commuting, including its is trending to achieve a BREEAM Very Good rating.
proximity to seven public transit lines, the availability The build-out of the store and offices resulted
Our environmental approach to design and of bike racks and showers for employees who cycle in a 99 percent rate of diversion for construction
construction adheres to industry-recognized best to work. waste. The retail store project uses our newest
practices for green buildings that promote renewable and most sustainable design language and
energy, water conservation, energy efficiency, and We bring a similar environmental approach to materials, which heavily focuses on low-carbon
responsible material sourcing. As of 2023, 108 of our our retail store development. In Mumbai, India, design elements including a biopolymer terrazzo
corporate offices, data centers, retail stores across we opened Apple BKC — our first retail location floor, sustainably harvested wood, reduced steel
the world, totaling more than 18 million square feet in the nation — which earned LEED Platinum tonnage, and an acoustic baffle ceiling.
of green building space, are Leadership in Energy certification. The store’s energy-efficient design,
and Environmental Design (LEED) or Building use of natural light, and onsite photovoltaic panels Each Apple building needs to coexist with its
Research Establishment Environmental Assessment helped achieve energy savings of more than environment while meeting our standards for
Method (BREEAM) certified. 40 percent, and its low-flow fixtures and onsite human-centric design. We work hard to strike this
balance and harness the creativity and innovation
that these challenges demand.

Our environmental approach is mindful of energy and resource use. Apple BKC earned LEED
Platinum certification.
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Approach
Mapping
Assessment
Displaying smarter thinking
Innovation iPhone 15 models use
arsenic-free glass and
are also free from mercury,
brominated flame
retardants, and PVC.

Smarter
Chemistry
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Approach

Smarter Chemistry
We identify and use the chemicals We prioritize elimination and substitution, and Strategic pillars
and materials that best serve our when no alternative is available to eliminate or
substitute potential exposure, we rely on engineering
priorities of safety, performance,
and administrative controls to safeguard against Mapping
and the environment. This approach hazard exposure. Engaging our supply chain partners to
is the foundation of smarter comprehensively identify the processes and
Our program involves establishing safety requirements
chemistry — and it underpins our that often exceed local industry standards and
chemicals in the materials used to make our
products. This allows us to drive change that goes
efforts across our supply chain. supporting our suppliers. We’ve created standards
beyond what’s required for regulatory compliance.
and programs to support these efforts, including
Smarter chemistry is our approach to proactively the rigorous requirements defined in our Regulated
promoting the use of safer materials and chemicals. Substances Specification (RSS) and the deep supply
We identify chemicals that balance our priorities — chain engagement through our Full Material Disclosure Assessment
including safety and performance — minimizing our (FMD) and Chemical Safety Disclosure (CSD) Assessing the potential human health and
environmental impact. The program supports the steps programs. environmental risks of material chemistries to
we’re taking toward a circular supply chain by reducing evaluate compliance with our requirements and
Maintaining comprehensive information on the
the recirculation of potentially harmful substances, inform product design.
chemicals and materials we use is essential. It helps us
and it contributes to a healthier workplace for our
better protect the people who design, make, use, and
manufacturers and suppliers.
recycle our devices. This information also informs our
We focus on limiting chemical exposure through the efforts to protect the environment and work alongside Innovation
commonly used hierarchy of controls. The concept leading members of the scientific community, NGOs, Driving the development and use of
consists of five actions that organizations can take and industry organizations to push for the development innovative materials that enables the creation
with materials: and broad adoption of safer alternatives. We also of groundbreaking products and support
share what we’ve learned in creating these systems industrywide change.
• Elimination with others in the industry — and we push for change
• Substitution that can transform product manufacturing.

• Engineering controls Advocacy and leadership are needed to make this

• Administrative controls happen. We’re committed to this role — pushing
to broaden the use of safer and more sustainable
• Personal protective equipment (PPE).
materials based on smarter chemistry — and working
with our suppliers and material manufacturers to create
alternatives that can help move our industry forward.

We test all our products, and place special attention on materials that come into prolonged skin contact.
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Mapping
We’re committed to creating And we examine the effects of material chemistries Our suppliers are required to participate in the PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE

products of the highest quality across a product’s life — from design and program. Collectively, they share information on
manufacturing to the customer experience and, thousands of materials used to manufacture our Smarter chemistry matters at every
— and that commitment extends
ultimately, recycling and recovery. This information products. To make this process easier, we’ve stage in the product life cycle
to the health and environmental guides our decisions when it comes to health and implemented an advanced collection system
impacts of everything we make. environmental risks. The changes we’re making for suppliers with access to a library of more
have an impact beyond our footprint and across than 60,000 materials, which have been researched
our industry, supporting our efforts to build and validated by Apple. Our suppliers use this library
Through collaboration, we can build
responsible circular economies at scale. to select the materials they use in our products.
a comprehensive view of the chemicals in the Product design
When a material that a supplier uses isn’t yet listed
materials that we use and drive improvements Apple uses our Regulated
in our library, we authenticate the new material
in how we make our products. Substances Specification (RSS) to
Building a comprehensive with documentation from the manufacturer that
drive our internal teams and supply
Our Full Material Disclosure (FMD) program maps view of the materials in provides it.
chain partners to select materials that
the materials in our products and their chemistries, our products The FMD program includes tens of thousands of
meet our requirements.
while our Chemical Safety Disclosure (CSD)
We rely on detailed and comprehensive information parts and assemblies across our product lines. We
program tracks the materials used to manufacture
to guide our decision-making on material prioritize high-volume materials and those that come
our products. We drive our supply chain partners
chemistries. The FMD program, launched seven under prolonged skin contact, which we look closely Recycling Manufacturing
to collect in-depth information on the material
years ago, aims to catalog and map each chemical at for biocompatibility. The program helps address Recyclers can recover Apple requires suppliers to
chemistries they use, including their purpose,
in the materials used in our products. Material a challenge that’s faced across our industry: the materials that are safer for manage materials and chemicals
the amount consumed, and how the chemicals
manufacturers provide thorough reporting on lack of visibility into the chemical composition of use in new products. and helps them switch to
are applied, stored, and handled. We also work
material compositions from deep within our supply materials. To reduce potential toxicological risk and safer alternatives.
closely with our partners to review the steps
chain — proprietary data that’s shared through our pursue opportunities to develop better chemistries,
they’re taking to protect their employees.
secure data collection system. This system enables we rely on deep knowledge of the materials used.
us to make informed choices about the materials Through the program, we’re able to identify these
that are used. For iPhone, iPad, and Mac products opportunities to improve and contribute to our
Product use
released in 2023, we collected detailed chemical safety and environmental goals.
Customers use products
information on 93 percent of each product on
made with smarter materials.
average, by mass. For Studio Display, we collected
information on more than 95 percent of the product
by mass.
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The comprehensive materials library helps supply chain — and the impact this can have on the COMPREHENSIVE CHEMICAL MAPPING FOR SAFER PRODUCTS
inform decisions across our product life cycles. health and safety of people working in our supply
It drives better material selections by our supply chain. Read more about our work across our global We account for how chemicals are selected
chain partners through the RSS, and it provides supply chain in our People and Environment in Our and managed within our supply chain
a foundation for assessing the materials that we Supply Chain 2024 Annual Progress Report.
specify, how our products are manufactured,
and, eventually, how they’ll be recycled. We use Detailed and accurate information drives this process,
innovative approaches to this process, including including which chemicals our suppliers use as they
machine learning to digitize data from chemical make our products and how they store, handle, and
tests so this information can be more easily consume each one. Through the CSD program,
An understanding of chemical Data helps Apple suppliers Apple customers benefit from
assessed. And we’re finding ways to share this suppliers are required to provide this data as part of a manage chemicals and materials using products made with safer
ingredients leads to better
information by supporting the development of rigorous disclosure process. With a detailed chemical when making Apple products materials and chemicals
materials for Apple products
industry standards that will help encourage the inventory from our suppliers, we can support
exchange of data on materials. These efforts our supply chain partners in identifying risks and Through our CSD program, suppliers share The FMD and CSD programs support the
Through the FMD program, Apple
support our goals of improving the safety of opportunities to implement safer alternatives. information with Apple about how they use creation of quality products in a responsible
manufacturing partners share the materials
our products, as well as the broader electronics chemicals, store the chemicals, and protect manner for our customers.
they use to manufacture Apple products.
industry and beyond. In 2023, more than 1000 supplier facilities shared their employees.
their chemical inventories as well as their storage Apple works with material manufacturers to
and control information through the CSD program, understand the chemistries of the materials CSD data informs and prioritizes supplier
Creating an inventory including suppliers representing the majority of to enable evaluation. engagement, encouraging rigorous chemical
of chemicals used Apple’s direct spend. And through this program, management practices and adoption of
safer alternatives.
in manufacturing we’ve identified more than 17,000 unique materials
and chemicals used in the manufacturing process.
The Apple Supplier Code of Conduct and Supplier All these efforts contribute to a safer work
Responsibility Standards outline our requirements environment for people across our supply chain.
for our suppliers in the areas of health and safety,
labor and human rights, the environment, ethics,
and management systems. We also account for how
chemicals are selected and managed within our
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Assessment
We base key decisions about our
product designs, manufacturing
Setting and maintaining
rigorous chemical
Our Green Chemistry Advisory Board provides
feedback on key initiatives, including potential
Verifying and developing in
the environmental testing lab 1,600+
updates to the RSS. The advisory board is an
processes, and approaches to safety requirements independent group of leading researchers We evaluate the safety of our products and materials
Performed toxicological
assessment on more
recycling and reusing on the data We first published the Regulated Substances and academics. Their diverse experience and through chemical analyses at our Environmental than 1,600 new materials

that we collect on chemicals and Specification over 20 years ago, establishing perspectives help us lead the way in protecting Testing Lab. Our chemists test materials to monitor in 2023.
compliance with our specifications. The lab continues
materials. This information enables requirements for the use of chemicals or materials in our customers and those who make or recycle
our products, accessories, manufacturing processes, our products. to grow in its mission and capacity; we’re expanding
us to establish requirements our testing facilities with new technologies to
and packaging. The specification builds on our
for our suppliers, including the history of advancements in material safety — and it We apply controls to materials that come into conduct chemical analysis while broadening our
requirements set in our Regulated reflects our dedication to the collection of necessary prolonged skin contact (as defined in our Restricted FMD and CSD programs. Our teams also review
test reports from suppliers to evaluate substances
Substances Specification data to uphold these requirements. Chemicals for Prolonged Skin Contact Materials
list). The restrictions focus on substances that are against the Regulated Substances Specification and
and our Restricted Chemicals Restricted Chemicals for Prolonged Skin Contact
We continue to evolve the RSS with new chemicals potential skin sensitizers to minimize the potential
for Prolonged Skin Contact and restrictions based on the latest scientific for reactions commonly reported across wearable Materials specification. In 2023, we performed
Materials specification. research and standards, drawing from regulations, products, like jewelry. We derive these restrictions toxicological assessments on more than 1600
international standards, and voluntary requirements. from leading standards, recommendations from new materials to proactively evaluate and eliminate
Many of the specification’s restrictions exceed toxicologists and dermatologists, international laws potentially harmful substances from our products.
Our requirements provide clear restrictions on
the most stringent local regulatory requirements and directives, and Apple policies. We mandate
potentially harmful chemicals in materials, including The data that we collect from our disclosure
in order to protect workers health and the that our suppliers analyze each material that comes
those that are restricted. Our assessment system programs drives our assessments. We’re able
environment. The specification designates restricted into prolonged contact with skin according to
supports our efforts to ensure that only materials that to generate comprehensive assessments like
substances and requires reporting on additional Apple’s requirements, and we review compliance
meet our stringent requirements are used in Apple GreenScreen®, a methodology that we use to gauge
substances. We’ve updated and expanded chemical with these requirements. Our specifications are
products. The data that we gather on chemicals and the potential impact of chemicals on individuals’
restrictions that, in many instances, surpass current incorporated into contractual obligations for our
our assessments allow us to make informed decisions health and the environment based on 18 criteria.
regulatory restrictions. Most recently, we’ve added suppliers, and each one helps us maintain our
about chemical management for the safety of those We develop toxicological profiles on new chemicals
perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxA) — a subset of stringent requirements.
who use, make, and recycle our products. These using both scientific literature and internal
the larger group of PFAS — phenol, isopropylated,
decisions also help make the materials recovered assessments. These profiles detail the impacts
phosphate (3:1) (PIP 3:1), and several skin-sensitizing
from our products at end of life safer for reuse in new of each chemical, providing data that allows us
substances well ahead of regulatory restrictions.
products, enabling circular supply chains. to evaluate the safety of using a substance in a
particular product. In 2023, we continued to expand
the scope of biocompatibility testing beyond
individual materials to include modules and whole
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products. Through this work, we have an even new regulations, which were attended by more based on chemical hazard assessments, because
more comprehensive view of each material and than 490 participants who helped validate over this is a more comprehensive and robust hazard
the potential impact that assembly has on safety. 3,300 materials for low-VOC compliance. By approach than simply eliminating individual
We perform toxicological analysis of the materials deploying a VOC specification worldwide, we’re substances of concern. In 2023, we approved
in our products to help guide our material safety also helping drive adoption of low-VOC alternatives additional safer cleaners for use in our supply chain,
guidelines. The information that we share through around the world. And we’re working with our bringing the total number of safer cleaners we’ve
material specifications benefits our suppliers and suppliers to identify and develop alternate non- approved over the past three years to 175.
those who we collaborate with in the industry. PFAS materials materials without regrettable
substitutions that meet the current and upcoming Our efforts have had a direct impact on health and
complex per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) safety — and they have the potential to change
Working with suppliers regulatory requirements. how our industry operates. By making it easier
for suppliers to select safer alternatives for process
to meet global requirements chemicals at the outset, we’re promoting their use
We’ve created systems for our suppliers to learn Creating a list of safer cleaners across our supply chain. All our final assembly
about our material specifications, track and assess sites have used only safer alternative cleaners
the materials they use, and regularly communicate We’re making an immediate impact in our efforts and degreasers, as defined by Apple, since 2018.
material usage. This also helps our suppliers to protect workers and the environment through We’ve since expanded this work deeper into our
meet global standards and regulations governing our approach to the application of cleaners and supply chain to suppliers and processes beyond
their operations. The FMD and CSD programs degreasers, which are some of the highest-use final assembly, helping them identify and implement
require suppliers to gather, understand, and share materials at final assembly sites. Regulators and opportunities to use safer alternatives in their
information on materials they’re using — beyond environmental health and safety organizations have operations. In 2023, we received, for the third time
regulatory requirements. focused considerable attention on the chemistries of in four years, the EPA Safer Choice Partner of the
cleaners and degreasers. We’re investing in the due Year Award for our work to scale the use of safer
We support suppliers’ engagement with these diligence required to identify preferred alternatives process chemicals and to protect those who work
programs — and the RSS — through ongoing for suppliers and others in the industry to use. in our supply chain.
training. This continued engagement is central
to our partnership and to our shared efforts to We’ve eliminated the use of cleaners with known We’re also looking outside our own supply
promote smarter chemistry in our products and carcinogens, mutagens, reproductive toxicants, chain to promote a broader transition to safer
processes. Since 2020, our suppliers in China have strong sensitizers and persistent bio-accumulative chemicals. See page 65 for more information
worked under new regulations governing the use toxins (including PFAS) from cleaners and degreasers on how we’re advocating for safer cleaners and
of materials containing volatile organic compounds used at our supplier final assembly sites. We did this degreasers across our industry.
(VOCs). In 2023, we continued to provide additional by using globally recognized standards (such as EPA
support for suppliers through trainings on the Safer Choice, GreenScreen Certified® and ToxFMD®)

We’ve deployed our VOC specification worldwide, we’re also helping drive adoption of low-VOC alternatives around the world.
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Innovation
We’re continually improving on Creating new, safer We’ve led in the identification and successful Driving the creation
the chemical safety, performance, chemistries to move the removal of potentially harmful substances since of better dyes
the late 1990s. This process has involved rigorously
and environmental impact industry forward assessing chemicals and removing those that In partnership with our suppliers, we’re creating dye
Read our white paper
about our commitment
of materials by expanding our Our strict requirements that govern potentially don’t align with our goals — in some cases, before formulations in our anodizing processes that better
to phasing out per-
knowledge of material properties. harmful substances in our products and processes removal becomes a requirement and industry safeguard worker health and the environment.
and polyfluoroalkyl
The innovation challenge was to achieve the quality
Our assessments of substances encourage our manufacturing partners to also standard. We’re committed to phasing out our use substances.
prioritize safer materials, helping create a market of PFAS and engaging with all our supply chain and selection of colors that meet our rigorous
focus on those three areas design standards while improving environmental
for better alternatives. We’re lending our expertise partners to restrict PFAS from our products and
of improvement and help us on safer chemistries to support our suppliers as manufacturing processes. performance. We narrowed our options to the
pursue innovations that align they meet the growing demand for safer materials. most color-versatile and UV-stable dyes, and we
engaged with our manufacturers to develop a wide
with our values. Prioritizing these materials also means phasing out While our analysis indicates that PFAS used in our
chemistries that don’t meet our specifications. We’ve products are safe during product use, we felt it range of colorants. These alternatives mitigate the
approached this across our company and products was important to broaden our scope to consider risks associated with conventional dyes used in
The work we do in mapping, assessing, and while investing in safer alternatives to drive change manufacturing along the supply chain. We’re anodizing processes, including potential workplace
managing the chemicals used in our products across our industry. The use of safer cleaners today prioritizing our phaseout activities in applications that exposure and impact on the local environment
and supply chain lays the foundation for material supports the circular supply chains of the future. result in the highest volumes of PFAS reductions and through discharge.
innovations. We also look at how these materials the most meaningful environmental impact. We’re
are used in a product life cycle, from design and Using our research and analysis of materials, pursuing our phaseout in three steps: compiling
manufacturing to end of life. With this knowledge, we’ve collaborated with suppliers to create safer a comprehensive catalog of PFAS uses in our
we can seek out and support the development of alternatives — including for substances where none products, identifying and developing non-PFAS
safer chemistries, and we can continually improve currently exist. In those cases, we lend our technical alternatives that can meet our performance needs,
the overall safety of our products and processes. capabilities in material science to work with suppliers and confirming that non-PFAS alternatives align
to develop entirely new chemistries. We maintain the with our safety and environmental goals. We have
same high safety, performance, and environmental created new formulations of plastics, adhesives
standards for new alternative materials, submitting and lubricants with PFAS replaced by other existing
them through rigorous testing and evaluation technologies in order to achieve similar performance
to avoid regrettable substitutions. in flame resistance and friction reduction.
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APPLE’S REGULATED SUBSTANCES * Every Apple product is free of PVC and

phthalates except for AC power cords in

We go beyond regulatory requirements by using safer materials India, Thailand (for 2-prong AC power cords),
and South Korea, where we continue to seek

to protect those who make, use, and recycle our products government approval for our PVC and phthalates
replacement.

Materials selection Manufacturing Product use Recycling

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances Safer cleaners and degreasers PVC and phthalates Brominated and chlorinated
(PFAS) We’ve eliminated the use of cleaners and We’ve replaced PVC and phthalates with flame retardants
We proactively removed PFOA and PFOS from degreasers that contain known carcinogens, safer thermoplastic elastomers.* Phthalates We’ve replaced brominated and
our products in 2010 and 2013, respectively, mutagens, reproductive toxicants, strong are known endocrine disruptors which are chlorinated flame retardants with safer
far ahead of global requirements. We’ve also sensitizers and persistent bio-accumulative not bound in PVC and can leak. Both are still metal hydroxides and phosphorous
committed to eliminating PFAS entirely from toxins (including PFAS) from cleaners and used by other companies in power cords and compounds because brominated and
our products ahead of our industry peers. degreasers used at our supplier final assembly headphone cables. chlorinated flame retardants reduce the
We plan to do this by developing or selecting sites. We did this by using globally recognized recyclability of plastics and limit material
non-PFAS alternatives that do not result in standards (such as EPA Safer Choice, circularity. Incineration of waste plastics
regrettable substitutions. GreenScreen Certified® and ToxFMD®) based containing brominated and chlorinated
on full formulation-level (or material-level) flame retardants can release toxic
chemical hazard assessments, because this is chemicals such as dioxins and furans.
a more comprehensive and robust approach
than simply eliminating individual substances
of concern.
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Advocating for safer efforts to use safer cleaners in our supply chain have access to chemical hazard data to make it easier for SAFER CLEANER JOURNEY

alternatives across been central to our advocacy for greater industry suppliers to choose safer alternatives. In 2023,
Our efforts to use safer cleaners in
collaboration and instrumental to our participation we worked with ChemFORWARD to announce
our industry as a founding signatory of the Toward Zero Exposure a new open resource called ChemWorks that aims our supply chain have been central to our
Our work around smarter chemistry helps facilitate program led by the Clean Electronics Production to help others identify certified safer formulations advocacy for greater industry collaboration
the transition to safer alternatives that are accessible Network (CEPN). For more information about to accelerate the adoption of safer cleaners and
to others in our industry. Identifying and promoting Apple’s participation in CEPN, read our People and degreasers as we have in our own supply chain.
the use of safer cleaners beyond Apple is a way Environment in Our Supply Chain 2024 Annual 2018 2022
to increase the impact of safer alternatives. The Progress Report. We also supported the Responsible Business Achieved Published
criteria we set for chemicals in materials — and Alliance (RBA) in producing a comprehensive 100% participation of final certified Safer Cleaners List
how our suppliers use them — help establish even We collaborated with IPC, a globally recognized technical guide on responsible chemical assembly supplier sites into for industry use with ChemWorks
more stringent standards around health and safety electronics standards-setting body, to draft and management, as well as more than 20 hours of the Safer Cleaners Program Product Registry
across the electronics industry. We collaborate with help launch IPC-1402, Standard for Green Cleaners related training content to educate workers across
standards-setting bodies, trade associations, and Used in Electronics Manufacturing. This standard many companies about controlling occupational 133
2020
NGOs to achieve this — developing tools, standards, resulted from work over the past three years with the exposures to hazardous chemicals. added 37 additional cleaners added
Achieved
and mechanisms to drive the identification and Green Cleaners for Electronics Manufacturing task to the Safer Cleaners list, totaling
EPA Partner of the Year Award
adoption of smarter chemistries throughout our group, where Apple has served as a chair working 133 cleaners
for the first time
supply chain. with more than 20 industry partners. This new Partnered
standard will help suppliers across the electronics Established
with Clean Production Action (CPA)
We’ve focused on cleaners and degreasers, building industry select cleaners that are safer for workers internal Safer Cleaners list
to utilize Safer Cleaner criteria for
out multiple pathways to advance industry innovation and the environment. In 2022, Apple received the IPC containing 54 cleaners
GreenScreen certificates
in safer cleaners. For the past five years, our final Stan Plzak Corporate Recognition Award for our work
assembly sites have exclusively used safer cleaners on this effort and our contributions to the industry.We 2021
2023
and degreasers, as identified by Apple or as certified continued to partner with ChemFORWARD, Transitioned
175
by third-party programs. This work has expanded a nonprofit organization committed to creating broad internal criteria to industry
added 42 additional cleaners added
to component manufacturers who create modules GreenScreen® certificates
to the Safer Cleaners list, totaling
used in the final assembly of our products. Our 96 175 cleaners
added 42 additional cleaners
Expanded
added to the Safer Cleaners list,
the Safer Cleaners Program deeper
totaling 96 cleaners
into the supply chain to processes
beyond final assembly
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Approach
Listening to a range of voices
Achieving change together
Supporting communities worldwide

Amplifying through advocacy

Collaborating with others to
achieve clear impact across
our environmental initiatives
and beyond.

Engagement
and Advocacy
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Approach

Engagement and Advocacy

We develop and maintain collaborative Stakeholders Focus areas 2023 highlights
relationships with groups working to
address environmental challenges
— from policymakers to the stakeholders Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
Research
We collaborate with leading institutions
to inform research and best practices
CA SB 253
CA Climate Corporate Data
involved in driving change day-to-day. We interact with NGOs to share resources and for environmental initiatives. Accountability Act
gain insights on leading practices related to
We believe deeply in our responsibility As part of our commitment to greenhouse
environmental stewardship. Partnerships
to use our global platform and influence gas emissions disclosures, we endorsed
We collaborate with global NGOs on strategy
to collaborate with others in support and program delivery.
the landmark California Climate Corporate
Data Accountability Act (CA SB 253)
of addressing the urgent needs of our to improve transparency and drive progress
Industry associations
environment. We recognize that we can’t We participate in industry associations to
Coalitions in the fight against climate change.
We amplify our positions on environmental
solve complex, global environmental better understand global and regional issues
topics by sharing them with suppliers
challenges alone. Collaboration with
34
and regulations, and also to align with
and other corporations.
environmental and climate policy.
stakeholders is required to help catalyze
countries
the broader systems changes needed Events & bilateral meetings
We share our perspective with multi-sectoral
to limit the impacts of climate change As of 2023, we’ve funded 33 grants
leaders through participation in targeted across 34 countries on initiatives
and other environmental challenges. Policymakers
forums and direct outreach. supporting community-level
We engage with public sector leaders to help
environmental efforts.
set environmental policy and craft regulations
Direct advocacy
consistent with our environmental objectives.

42
We issue direct comments or letters
of support, or join proceedings, on matters
where Apple’s operational objectives and
Communities expertise can help inform environmental policy.
businesses
We work with communities to address the Since 2021, a total of 42 Black-,
disproportionate impacts of climate change Hispanic/Latinx-, and Indigenous-owned
and environmental injustices. businesses have participated in the
Impact Accelerator.
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Listening to a range of voices

We learn from diverse communities sorting mechanisms. We also continue our Green
that are devoted to environmental Chemistry Advisory Board, an independent group
of experts in green chemistry, green engineering,
stewardship. We approach these
and toxicology who advise on our Smarter
conversations to gather learnings Chemistry initiatives, including updates to the RSS.
and thoughtfully engage with those
who bring a range of perspectives We draw from cross-sector engagement platforms
like the Alliance for Water Stewardship (AWS)
and understanding of the issues
to help guide our programs and set standards for
that matter. environmental efforts. The expertise of AWS defines
the world-class water stewardship practices that
Our conversations with stakeholders are we’ve implemented at key Apple and supplier
fundamental to our environmental efforts. facilities, earning AWS Standard certification.
The communities that we engage with help shape
how we evaluate global and regional regulations, The business community — including our customers,
approaches, and the promise of emerging suppliers, industry partners, and investors — is also
technologies. As we implement what we’ve a source of valuable collaboration. As co-chair of
learned, we incorporate feedback on our progress the United States Information Technology Office
— including aligning with new standards and best (USITO) — a trade association representing the U.S.
practices or exploring the potential impact that information and communications technology industry
cutting-edge research can have on our operations. in China — we lead the environmental protection and
energy efficiency working groups. In this role, we
We consult with the scientific community to better engage with other companies in China as we work
understand emerging approaches, technologies, to comply with new environmental regulations and
and tools that can support our environmental with policymakers on future standards.
goals. To enhance material recovery for Apple and
others, we worked with Carnegie Mellon University
researchers to create robotic recycling systems that
have advanced product disassembly and material

We listen to a diverse set of stakeholders to learn how to improve our approaches to environmental stewardship.
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Achieving change together

As industry leaders, we have Supply chain We also encourage our suppliers to participate
a responsibility to influence Engaging with our suppliers on our climate and
in market and policy developments that help
advance responsible and sustainable supply chains.
change — through advocating environmental goals is critical to achieving impact
Additionally, providing resources to our suppliers
for policy and directly engaging across our footprint. We establish requirements
makes up a critical component of our engagement
and methods of communication and data exchange
with our stakeholders. We work. We’ve offered trainings, workshops,
through specific supplier platforms, surveys, and
participate in collective action programs. Each program that engages suppliers
educational materials, webinars, and connections
to external funding and support throughout the
as the best means to address articulates our expectations and serves as the
breadth of our supplier responsibility programs.
urgent environmental issues. foundation for our working relationships. Within
those programs, we build the networks and systems
Proactively sharing our experiences To learn more about our work with our suppliers,
required to maintain a continued engagement
and contributing to collaborative process with our suppliers.
see our People and Environment in Our Supply Chain
2024 Annual Progress Report.
efforts in our areas of focus
and expertise help us better Some of our programs — such as the Supplier
Code of Conduct, the Supplier Clean Energy
realize environmental goals that
Program, and the Supplier Clean Water Program
Industry engagement
we share with our stakeholders. — are models for how we communicate supplier Through partnerships and coalitions, we contribute
performance expectations and track progress. to various industries by sharing proprietary tools and
Through these programs, we’re setting a high standards and pursuing policy objectives that drive
standard for factories, helping facilitate efforts to toward our shared goals. We regularly evaluate our
decarbonize operations across our supply chain, engagement with U.S. federal trade associations.
driving water reuse across sites, establishing As part of this process, we’re assessing relevant
protocols to responsibly use resources in trade association positions on climate and identifying
manufacturing operations, and more. specific areas of misalignment with our values and
principles on climate change. We then work with
our trade associations to identify opportunities
to align our positions.

Technicians from Simmitri perform maintenance on solar panels installed at Bench-Tek Solutions in Santa Clara, California. Both
companies are alumni of the Apple Impact Accelerator.
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Collaborative impact 10 percent of annual primary aluminum at or above Key partnerships and memberships
the FMC’s definition of “near-zero emissions primary
We make public commitments alongside our partners Stakeholder Description (Apple engagement)
aluminum”; and to ensuring that at least 50 percent
to clarify our support and signal the change we’re Advanced Energy United Business coalition dedicated to getting 100 percent clean energy in the U.S. (Member)
of all aluminum procured annually is sourced from
working to create. We’re transparent about the Aluminum Stewardship Initiative (ASI) Multistakeholder Standards and Certification organization supporting responsible sourcing within
secondary aluminum by 2030. We’re also supporting the aluminum value chain; recently completed an audit against their Performance Standard of
progress we make against these commitments so
investments in forestry and carbon removal through environmental, social, and governance criteria (Member)
that we and our partners can be accountable for
external initiatives like the Forest Investor Club and Asia Clean Energy Coalition (ACEC) Renewable energy buyers, sellers, and financiers dedicated to improving policies for procurement of
results. The work we do with others yields tangible renewable energy in Asia to rapidly scale up renewable energy projects (Steering group member)
our own Restore Fund (see page 35).
outcomes across our environmental goals — and it
Ceres Nonprofit dedicated to taking action to stabilize the climate, protect water and natural resources, and
encourages broader action. build a just and inclusive economy (Member of the Ceres Company Network)
Through the Exponential Roadmap Initiative, we’re
ChemFORWARD Science-based nonprofit working to advance safer chemistry in product design and manufacturing
strengthening our work to transitioning our supply
An example of these collaborative efforts is our (Co-design partner and chair of Technical Advisory Group)
chain to 100 percent renewables, on moving towards
participation in RE100 — an energy initiative aimed ChemSec Business Group Multinational company forum supporting leadership in progressive chemical policy advocacy and
full circularity by improving materials and low-carbon effective corporate practice of sustainable chemical management (Member)
at scaling zero-carbon grids. RE100 unites the
design, and on transforming our portfolio towards China Association of Circular Economy (CACE) Organization operating across industries and regions in China sharing our best practices in their
world’s most influential businesses committed to
climate solutions. conferences and workshops, and partnering with the organization on advocacy efforts focused on
transitioning their entire electricity use to renewables. recycling and waste (Senior member)

As part of the Toward Zero Exposure program Clean Electronics Production Network (CEPN) Twenty-member organizations working to improve chemical safety in the electronics supply chain as
We’re also a founding member of the First Movers part of this multistakeholder initiative (Design team member)
with the Clean Electronics Production Network
Coalition (FMC). This global initiative harnesses Clean Energy Buyers Association (CEBA) Community of energy buyers promoting customer-driven clean energy use (Board member, serving
(CEPN), we’re working to address health and safety
companies’ purchasing power to decarbonize on the Transmission Advisory Board and the Federal Working Group
challenges in the electronics supply chain with
seven hard-to-abate industrial sectors — which Exponential Roadmap Initiative (ERI) Accredited initiative of the UN Climate Change High-Level Champions’ Race to Zero with the purpose
other stakeholders. We made our pledge to shift to to accelerate exponential climate action and solutions through groundbreaking projects, with the
currently account for 30 percent of global emissions
100 percent fiber-based packaging by 2025 with mission to halve emissions before 2030 (Member)
according to the World Economic Forum (WEF).
the Ellen MacArthur Foundation. And Lisa Jackson, Japan Climate Leaders’ Partnership (JCLP) Coalition of Japanese companies aligning business objectives with climate goals (Executive member)
Through this initiative, we’ve committed to moving
VP, Environment, Policy, and Social Initiatives, was MIT Climate & Sustainability Consortium (MCSC) Academia and industry collaboration galvanizing the business community to have an impact on
to sustainable aviation fuel for 5 percent of our broad and intersecting environmental challenges (Industry Advisory Board member)
appointed co-chair of America is All In, a coalition in
passenger air travel footprint; to procuring at least
support of climate action in the U.S. Platform for Accelerating the Circular Economy (PACE) Public-private collaboration joining global leaders in the transition to a circular economy (Board
member)
RE100 Global corporate renewable energy initiative committing to using 100 percent renewable energy
(RE100 Advisory Committee member)
Responsible Business Alliance (RBA) Industry coalition dedicated to responsible business conduct in global supply chains (Full member,
serving on the Board of Directors and steering committee of the Responsible Minerals Initiative)
World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) A global community of leading businesses driving systems transformation for a better world in which
more than 9 billion people can live well, within planetary boundaries, by mid-century (Member)
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 71

FEATURE

Apple 2030 policy platform

We support climate and Policy positions • Consider the life cycle emissions of energy • Encourage policy makers, peers, and partners • Promote consistent waste regulations, that are
environmental policy through Our Apple 2030 roadmap is intended to not only
resources and mitigation technologies, and set to center equity and justice in climate solutions harmonized across geographies, to enable efficient,
high-integrity mitigation standards accordingly. in the development of the new green economy, commercially viable movement of materials for
our actions and stakeholder address the impacts of our business, but also
so that communities most impacted by climate recovery and recycling. This includes support for
engagement. catalyze ambitious environmental leadership globally. • Encourage research into and incentives for
change benefit from the economic opportunities U.S. ratification of the Basel Convention.
Strong, worldwide government actions are essential pre-commercial technologies, particularly
in climate solutions.
to enable the systemic policy changes the world in hard-to-decarbonize sectors. • Encourage recycled content use through the
In 2023 we publicly supported California’s Climate needs. We’re guided by the following principles: development of high-quality secondary material
Corporate Data Accountability Act (CA SB 253), • Support policies accelerating the decarbonization Circular economy
supply, by incentives for the development and
which requires large businesses to publicly disclose of the transportation sector, including the • Drive policies that include circularity as part
Climate and energy expansion of recycling infrastructure.
their greenhouse gas emissions. We also filed development and adoption of non-fossil, of the solution, where feasible, to responsibly meet
• Encourage policymakers and businesses to set
comments supporting the U.S. Environmental low-carbon, and zero-carbon alternatives for the growing demand for critical materials used • Support the development of advanced electronics
science-based targets to reduce emissions in line
Protection Agency’s proposed rule to reduce aviation, ground transport, and maritime shipping. in electronics of all kinds. recycling facilities that can recover more types of
with the Paris Agreement and limit warming to
emissions from existing and new fossil power plants. resources at higher qualities, including materials
1.5°C. This should include interim and long-term • Encourage policies promoting the adoption • Further improve labor, human rights, and
that are difficult to recover or of lower value.
targets and accountability mechanisms across of scalable technological solutions within environmental standards throughout recycled
We’re a founding member of the Asia Clean national and sectoral decarbonization efforts. hard-to-abate sectors. and primary materials supply chains.
Energy Coalition (ACEC) — a new coalition of key
stakeholders in the energy transition — advocating • Enable rapid decarbonization through government- • Encourage rules for high-integrity corporate • Promote policies that maximize product longevity
for policies that will support more corporate led policies, including comprehensive carbon measurement and disclosure of emissions along and minimize environmental impact by balancing
procurement of renewable energy across Asian pricing and emissions mitigation programs. the entire value chain, using globally recognized design for reliability and ease of repair, while
markets. And we serve as an executive member standards and harmonized approaches. ensuring user privacy and device security
• Encourage the transition to renewable electricity
of the Japan Climate Leaders’ Partnership (JCLP). are protected.
globally, including tripling global renewables • Support carbon removal credit schemes that
This business coalition has called for an increased capacity to 11,000 gigawatts by 2030, and set strict environmental, social, and governance • Support globally-aligned, evidence-based
focus on the transition to renewable energy in transitioning away from electricity sources emitting standards, and that support scalable, durable and product-specific eco-design standards.
alignment with the Paris Agreement’s 1.5° C target, more pollution, like fossil fuels (including fossil fuels natural carbon removal solutions that benefit
decarbonizing the power sector by 2035 (to align • Develop collection programs that engage
with carbon capture). local communities.
with other G7 nations), setting an aggressive customers, protect environmental and human
implementation plan for floating offshore wind, • Remove barriers to renewable energy • Support strong national and international policies health, and capture high volumes of electronics
and implementing higher carbon pricing. development, and increase investment in high- that support the scale up of carbon removal, for reuse, repair, refurbishment, and recycling.
capacity transmission, energy storage, and load including the role that corporate investment
shaping technologies. in carbon projects play in supporting national
carbon targets.
• Ensure that energy consumers can access cost-
competitive renewable energy purchase options.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 72

KEY MILESTONES

Apple’s climate policy advocacy

2015 (U.S.): Apple joined the White House’s 2019 (World): Apple participated in the UN 2020 (EU): Apple called on European leaders to 2023 (Global): Apple joined the global 2023 (Asia): Apple, through engagement in
American Business Act on Climate Pledge Environment Assembly (UNEA) and conducted increase their climate ambition to achieve targets 3xRenewables campaign calling for a tripling the ACEC, CEDI, RE100, and other initiatives,
bilateral discussions with a number of countries to of at least 55 percent greenhouse gas emissions of global renewable energy capacity by 2030. supported the creation or improvement of
2016 (U.S.): Apple joined Google, Microsoft, and
advocate for policies that enable a circular economy reductions by 2030 and carbon neutrality by cost-effective renewable energy procurement
Amazon to sign an amicus brief in support of the 2023 (U.S.): Apple submitted comments to
and bold action on climate. 2050. The EU adopted these targets. mechanisms across several countries, including
U.S. EPA’s Clean Power Plan (CPP). support the EPA’s proposed rule to regulate
Korea and Vietnam.
2019 (Vietnam): Apple urged the government 2021 (U.S.): Apple was one of the first large, greenhouse gas emissions from existing coal power
2016 (World): Apple addressed 700 senior
to reform the electricity market, allowing businesses public U.S. companies to call on the U.S. plants and new and existing natural gas plants. 2023 (Japan): Apple, as part of JCLP, supported
government, business, and community leaders at
to purchase power directly from renewable Securities and Exchange Commission to require policy statements calling for power sector
the seventh Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM), where 2023 (U.S.): Apple supported California’s Climate
power plants. disclosures of global greenhouse gases across decarbonization by 2035 to align with other G7
we called for governments to put a price on carbon Corporate Data Accountability Act (SB 253),
all emissions scopes. nations, rapidly expanding renewables, setting
across the world to address climate change. 2018 (Japan): Apple was among the first writing a letter affirming the policy in the final
an aggressive implementation plan for floating
multinational companies to join the Japan Climate 2021 (Vietnam): Apple and other companies stages of negotiations.
2017 (U.S.): Apple urged the White House to offshore wind, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels,
Leaders’ Partnership (JCLP) vocalized support to the government of Vietnam
remain in the Paris Agreement and take meaningful 2022 (U.S.): Apple, along with Meta and Google, and implementing higher carbon pricing. Apple also
for an ambitious Power Development Plan (PDP)
action on climate change. 2018 (South Korea): Apple met with government advocated for greatly expanded renewable collaborated with other renewable energy users
prioritizing clean energy.
officials in Korea to discuss the need for increased generation to achieve a 70 percent emissions and called for enhancing the Non-Fossil Certificate
2017 (China): Apple hosted a roundtable with
renewable generation and retail choice, whereby 2021 (U.S.): Apple was the first company to voice reduction in North Carolina by intervening in the (NFC) scheme to enable transparency in tracking.
the Green Electricity Consumption Cooperative
consumers can select their power source. support for enacting the Clean Energy Standard state’s Carbon Plan proceeding.
Organization (GECCO).
(CES), which would decarbonize the power grid
2018 (China): Apple submitted formal comments 2022 (U.S.): Apple led an amicus brief supporting
2017 (Vietnam): Apple joined other companies by 2035.
to China’s National Development and Reform the U.S. EPA’s authority to regulate greenhouse
VIEW
urging the government of Vietnam to make gases from power plants.
Commission (NRDC) about the implications of draft 2022 (South Korea): Apple called for Korea’s
regulatory changes allowing businesses to
policy on corporate clean energy procurement. 2030 energy plan to set a higher target for 2022 (U.S.): Apple filed comments to encourage
Policymakers
procure renewable energy through direct power
purchase agreements. 2018 (U.S.): Apple filed comments to the U.S.
renewable energy, to establish a more fair more rapid integration of renewable energy to the need to set strong
EPA urging it not to repeal the CPP because of its
competitive market for renewables, and to improve transmission grid, a key bottleneck to renewable science-based targets
2018 (U.S.): Apple filed comments to the Federal transparency for renewable energy solutions.
Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) urging it
importance in reducing emissions. energy deployment. to reduce emissions
not to finalize a rule that would subsidize fossil fuels, 2018 (Japan): Apple filed comments with the 2022 (Japan): Apple joined a letter calling for
in line with the Paris
a level of carbon pricing that provides an incentive
which would limit the ability of renewables Japanese government calling for the development
for emissions reduction.
Agreement and limit
of a robust and verifiable renewable energy
to compete in the electricity market. FERC chose
trading system.
warming to 1.5° C.
not to finalize that rule.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 73

Supporting communities worldwide

Through our engagement efforts, Our work combines collaboration and philanthropic • Safer Chemistry Impact Fund: Collaborating
we work directly with groups and contributions, which we determine based on each to design science-based, data-driven solutions
organization’s focus and their potential to effect that will systematically eliminate hazardous
individuals who are addressing
change. And we recognize the importance of chemicals and replace them with verified safer
environmental injustice in their community-driven leadership and thus work alternatives across sectors to improve human and
communities. We evaluate each closely with leadership teams. environmental impacts in support of corporate
opportunity based on the potential ESG, national and international development goals.
In 2023, we supported community-focused
to scale a proven environmental • Conservation International: Conservation
environmental partnership around the world,
approach, test or pilot an including the following organizations:
International: Supporting leadership in Afro-
descendant communities in Latin America with
innovation, or take steps to improve
economic opportunities that deliver outcomes for
equity in communities that are • Acumen: Launching the Energy for Livelihoods
addressing the climate and biodiversity crises.
Accelerator, delivered by Acumen Academy,
disproportionately impacted by
that supported 15 early-stage companies • Gravity Water: Converting rain into safe water
climate change and environmental in India committed to improving the livelihoods for schools which benefits 42,000+ community
dangers. When we partner with of smallholder farmers and micro-entrepreneurs. members, conserves 8M+ gallons of groundwater
another organization, our success The aim was to help build an ecosystem yearly and enhances climate resilience.
of clean energy enterprises serving the needs
hinges on close collaboration while • Society of Entrepreneurs and Ecology
of low-income communities.
focusing on our mutual objectives. Foundation: Supporting the development
• Beyond Benign: Continuing our partnership of a certified methodology for the first blue
to bring green chemistry and sustainable science carbon project under the resumed CCR market.
programming to Minority-Serving Institutions
• World Wildlife Fund: Partnering on the Nature-
across the country and to expand the talent
Based Solutions Origination Platform (NbS-OP)
pool of Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and Indigenous
— a new model of scaling up, aligning, and
scientists trained in sustainability for global
mobilizing public and private investments for
high-value companies.
high-quality nature-based solutions under
an integrated landscape approach.

We support community organizations focused on addressing environmental justice challenges and smarter chemistry, such as Beyond
Benign. Photo credit: Beyond Benign, Inc.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 74

Environment and communities In 2023, we provided grants to organizations • Karrkad Kanjdji Trust Public Fund: Supporting
around the world engaged in a range of Traditional Owners of Warddeken and Djelk
We know that underresourced communities bear
environmental work, including: Indigenous Protected Areas in Australia through
the disproportionate impacts of environmental
their Indigenous Women Rangers program while
challenges, so we support organizations by providing
• Environmental Youth Alliance (EYA): Offering funding incremental conservation activities.
grants that focus on environmental issues. Our grants
land-based education and employment training
have helped these organizations reduce pollution, • Lewa: Integrating sustainable water management,
programs for underrepresented youth that center
improve health, and increase climate resilience in climate-smart agriculture, clean energy, and
on native plant horticulture, ecological restoration,
underserved and low-income communities around knowledge sharing to achieve vital conservation
land stewardship, and community leadership
the world. And we work with these groups to outcomes for community members, small-scale
while working to help build a more inclusive
address the global effects of climate change and farmers and students in Northern Kenya.
environmental movement.
environmental hazards that traditionally impact
• Little Village Environmental Justice Organization
overburdened communities. • Institute for Socio-Ecological Research (ISER
(LVEJO): Delivering environmental justice to BIPOC
Caribe): Supporting the Puerto Rico–based Climate
who are most impacted by industrialization and
We’ve expanded our Strengthen Local Communities Justice Hub, which integrates environmental justice,
climate change by building a sustainable resilient
(SLC) grant program, which provides funding to local climate change, and sustainability and resilience
community through the healthy development of
organizations in regions that are under-resourced while engaging and connecting with various
youth and families, economic justice, participatory
in communities worldwide. communities and spaces across the Caribbean.
democracy and self-determination.
• Justice Outside: Providing support for the
• Taproot Earth: Supporting efforts to build
Network for Network Leaders Program that
power and cultivate solutions among frontline
impacts the outdoors, environmental education,
communities by advancing climate justice and
and environmental justice while working toward a
democracy to build a world where we can all live,
more equitable, just, and influential network model
rest, and thrive.
that centers the experiences and knowledge of
Black people, Indigenous people, and other people
of color.

We support organizations that focus on addressing environmental issues in their community. Photo credit: Rafael Woldeab, City Blossoms
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 75

FEATURE

Continuing our commitment to equity with the Impact Accelerator

Through the Impact Accelerator, The program supports companies as they better • Post-program support — including access
we provide access to opportunities position themselves for growth, improve their to Apple experts and networking events — through
abilities to engage larger contracts, and expand Apple’s Supplier Success community, fostering
for communities of color as we
their customer base — while supporting their connections made during the program and forging
continue our strategic work and commitment to the environment. The program new connections across all its generations.
investments in environmental has also connected like-minded business leaders
• Opportunity to attend a leading university’s
sectors — such as renewable to create new opportunities for innovation and
business executive leadership program focused
to realize our shared goals.
energy, carbon removal, recycling on supply chain and growth.
innovation, and smarter chemistry. The Apple Impact Accelerator program includes:
In 2023, our third cohort of the Impact Accelerator
included 12 businesses at the leading edge of
Part of our Racial Equity and Justice Initiative (REJI), • Targeted training on topics including supply
environmental services and solutions. Each company
the Apple Impact Accelerator program boosts the chain management, supplier diversity, and
selected was at least 51 percent owned, operated,
progress of participating Black-, Hispanic/Latinx-, financial and legal subjects.
and controlled by a Black, Hispanic/Latinx, or
and Indigenous-owned businesses that share our • Customized skills development opportunities, Indigenous individual and aligned closely with our
commitment to the environment. Offering customized including communications coaching, for executives environmental strategy, including our commitment
training and access to Apple experts, the Impact and their teams to provide the knowledge and tools to reach carbon neutrality by 2030.
Accelerator supports businesses that have the that organizations need to succeed
potential to drive innovation and positive outcomes as Apple suppliers.
in our supply chain — so that together, we can work
to support communities disproportionately impacted • Access to company-wide mentors and
by environmental issues. subject matter experts across the business
to help companies align their business priorities
with Apple’s environmental goals.

• Opportunity for participants to pitch their services

and solutions to decision-makers and business
leaders within Apple.

The Impact Accelerator’s goal is to ensure that our work to protect the environment also helps advance equity and expand access
to opportunity for communities of color.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 76
Greenhouse gas emissions
High quality carbon credits
Carbon footprint by product
Energy
Resources
Normalizing factors

Data
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 77

Data

Greenhouse gas emissions

We account for our carbon footprint Fiscal year Notes: 8 We retired 324,100 metric tons of carbon
credits from the Alto Mayo project in Peru and
by following internationally recognized 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 • For data on years prior to 2019, please reference
Chyulu Hills project in Kenya to maintain carbon
past Environmental Progress Reports.
standards, like the World Resources Corporate emissions Gross emissions 324,100 324,000 166,380 334,430 573,730 neutrality for our corporate emissions in fiscal
(metric tons CO2e)2 • Totals might not add up due to rounding. year 2022. This project is certified to the VCS
Institute (WRI) Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Scope 1 55,200 55,200 55,200 47,430 52,730 and CCB standards.
1 Apple’s carbon footprint boundary is aligned
Protocol and ISO 14040/14044.1 Natural gas, diesel, propane 35,300 39,700 40,070 39,340 40,910 with the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol 9 We retired 167,000 metric tons of carbon
framework and includes emissions that are credits from the Chyulu Hills project in Kenya
Improving the accuracy of our carbon Fleet vehicles 17,000 12,600 12,090 4,270 6,950 material and relevant to Apple, where data is to maintain carbon neutrality for our corporate
footprint is an ongoing process — as Other emissions3 2,900 2,900 3,040 3,830 4,870 available. Apple’s carbon footprint includes emissions in fiscal year 2021. This project is
direct scope 1 emissions; indirect scope 2 certified to the VCS and CCB standards.
we learn more, we refine our carbon Scope 2 (market-based)4 3,400 3,000 2,780 0 0 emissions from purchased electricity, steam,
10 We retired 70,000 metrics tons of carbon credits
models and adjust our climate heating, and cooling; and indirect scope 3
— 53,000 from the Chyulu Hills project in Kenya
Electricity 0 0 0 0 0 emissions from purchased goods and services,
roadmap. We also regularly revisit and 17,000 from the Cispatá Mangrove project
transportation and distribution, business travel,
Steam, heating, and cooling5 3,400 3,000 2,780 0 0 in Colombia.
employee commute, product use, and end of life.
the boundary of our carbon footprint
Scope 3 412,800 265,800 108,400 287,000 521,000 11 Because we’re committed to accuracy and
2 Apple is carbon neutral for corporate emissions
as our data sources improve and our as of April 2020. Beginning in fiscal year 2022,
transparency, we regularly refine our product
Business travel 225,700 113,500 22,850 153,000 326,000 life cycle assessment model and sources of
business evolves. we’ve expanded our footprint boundary to
data. For example, last year we obtained more
Employee commute6 164,100 134,200 85,570 134,000 195,000 include scope 3 emissions associated with
granular data summarizing in which countries
work from home, third-party cloud services,
Upstream impacts (scope 1) 18,300 10,600 0 0 0 our products are sold and used, resulting in
electricity transmission and distribution losses,
more granularity possible for grid emission
and upstream impacts from scope 1 fuels.
Work from home (market-based) 4,700 7,500 0 0 0 factors used in the carbon footprint of the
3 Emissions from R&D processes and product use phase. The net result was an
Transmission and distribution loss (market-based) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A refrigerant leaks. increase in our fiscal year 2021 carbon footprint.
Third-party cloud (market-based) 0 0 0 0 0 When using the same level of data granularity
4 We estimate the life cycle emissions associated
and model as fiscal year 2021, our product use
with our use of renewable electricity for our
Carbon removals greenhouse gas emissions in fiscal year 2021
corporate facilities to be about 70,000 metric
would have been about 2.5 percent lower.
Corporate carbon offsets7 -471,400 -324,1008 -167,0009 -70,00010 0 tons CO2e. We do not currently account for
these emissions in our carbon footprint, due to 12 For fiscal year 2021, we retired credits from the
Product life Gross emissions (Scope 3) 15,570,000 20,280,000 23,020,000 22,260,000 24,460,000 the poor quality of this data. Chyulu Hills project in Kenya and purchased
cycle emissions carbon credits from two additional projects
Manufacturing (purchased goods and services) 9,400,000 13,400,000 16,200,000 16,100,000 18,900,000 5 Beginning in fiscal year 2021, we’re accounting
to offset a total of 500,000 metric tons of
(metric tons CO2e)11 for scope 2 emissions from the purchase of
Product transportation (upstream and downstream) 1,500,000 1,900,000 1,750,000 1,800,000 1,400,000 direct emissions across our value chain. The
district heating, chilled water, and steam.
first project, a REDD+ coastal conservation
Product use (use of sold products) 4,600,000 4,900,000 4,990,000 4,300,000 4,100,000 6 Beginning in fiscal year 2020, we updated project in Guatemala, protects and conserves
our methodology for calculating emissions forests from deforestation and degradation.
End-of-life processing 70,000 80,000 80,000 60,000 60,000 from employee commute to reflect employees The second project aims to establish forests
Carbon removals working from home during COVID-19. on about 46,000 hectares of barren land that
isn’t otherwise in use across seven counties in
7 For a detailed breakdown of carbon offset
Product carbon offsets -13,500 0 -500,00012 0 0 the Guizhou province of China. Both projects
purchases applied to our corporate footprint,
are certified to the same high standards that
Total gross scope 3 emissions (corporate and product) (metric tons CO2e) 15,980,000 20,545,800 23,128,400 22,550,000 24,980,000 see the carbon offsets table on the following
we require for projects in the Restore Fund,
page.
Total gross carbon footprint (without offsets) (metric tons CO2e) 13
16,100,000 20,600,000 23,200,000 22,600,000 25,100,000 including VCS and CCB standards.
13 Due to rounding, our gross and net carbon
Total net carbon footprint (after applying offsets) (metric tons CO2e)12 15,600,000 20,300,000 22,530,000 22,530,000 25,100,000 footprints do not always equal the sum of the
subtotals disclosed above.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 78

Data

High quality carbon credits

We retired the following high-quality carbon credits toward our corporate emissions footprint for 2023.

Project name Project description Vintage Volume retired Registry link

(metric tons CO2e)
Chyulu Hills The Chyulu Hills REDD+ Project (CHRP) is a multi-partner initiative designed to promote climate change mitigation and 2018 230,000 registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/1408
adaptation, restore biodiversity, and create alternative livelihoods under the UN scheme of Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). It’s located in the Tsavo-Amboseli ecosystem in southeastern Kenya and
stretches over an area of over 410,000 hectares. Its main geographic feature is the volcanic Chyulu Hills mountain range, from
which the project derives its name. This project presents a broad ecosystem approach, including REDD+, to provide long-term
sustainable financing and management to maintain the ecological integrity of an iconic African landscape. The project will
help protect a very high-value wildlife and biodiversity area while supporting the development needs of Indigenous and other
local communities.
Guinan The Guinan Afforestation Project is located in the Guizhou Province of China and contributes to carbon removal and local 2019, 2020, and 2021 255,000 https://registry.verra.org/app/projectDetail/VCS/2070
sustainable development by planting trees on the barren lands. The project is planting across 46,000 ha on barren hills and
degraded lands. The project activity aims to enhance biodiversity conservation by increasing the connectivity of forests,
improve soil and water conservation, and generate income and job opportunities for local communities.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 79

Data

Carbon footprint by product

The following tables list the carbon footprints (in kilograms) of Apple products sold as of March 9, 2024, along with select configurations.1 Note: Dashes indicate that the configuration does
not exist.
Storage configurations 1 Product carbon footprint data for Apple
products are published in our Product
iPhone Unit 64GB 128GB 256GB 512GB 1TB Environmental Reports and are accurate as
of product launch. In instances where carbon
iPhone 15 kg CO2e – 56 61 74 –
models were developed prior to product launch,
iPhone 15 Plus kg CO2e – 61 66 79 – we use preproduction units.

iPhone 15 Pro kg CO2e – 66 71 83 107 2 Greenhouse gas emissions prior to applied

high quality carbon credits are represented for
iPhone 15 Pro Max kg CO2e – – 75 87 110 all Apple Watch models with the exception of
stainless steel Apple Watch Series 9 paired with
iPhone 14 kg CO2e – 61 67 83 – sport loop.
iPhone 14 Plus kg CO2e – 68 75 91 –
iPhone 13 kg CO2e – 64 71 83 –
iPhone SE (3rd generation) kg CO2e 46 50 58 – –

Storage configurations
iPad Unit 64GB 128GB 256GB 512GB 1TB 2 TB
iPad Pro 12.9-inch (6th generation) Wi-Fi + Cellular kg CO2e – 135 142 156 183 284
iPad Pro 11-inch (4th generation) Wi-Fi + Cellular kg CO2e – 100 107 121 148 249
iPad Air (5th generation) Wi-Fi + Cellular kg CO2e 80 84 92 – – –
iPad (10th generation) Wi-Fi + Cellular kg CO2e 72 82 – – – –
iPad (9th generation) Wi-Fi + Cellular kg CO2e 75 – 84 – – –
iPad mini (6th generation) Wi-Fi + Cellular kg CO2e 68 71 77 90 – –

Select product configurations

Aluminum case with Stainless steel case Titanium case with Titanium case with
Apple Watch2 Unit Sport Loop with Sport Loop Alpine Loop Trail Loop
Apple Watch Ultra 2 kg CO2e – – 12 11
Apple Watch Series 9 kg CO2e 8 29 – –
Apple Watch SE kg CO2e 7 – – –
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 80

Storage configurations Displays Unit

Laptops Unit 256GB 512GB 1TB Studio Display (2022) kg CO2e 544
16-inch MacBook Pro (2023), Apple M3 Pro chip kg CO2e – 290 – Pro Display XDR with Pro Stand kg CO2e 974
16-inch MacBook Pro (2023), Apple M3 Max chip kg CO2e – – 348
HomePod Unit
15-inch MacBook Air (2024), Apple M3 chip kg CO2e 158 167 –
HomePod (2nd generation) kg CO2e 92
14-inch MacBook Pro (2023), Apple M3 chip kg CO2e – 202 –
HomePod mini kg CO2e 42
14-inch MacBook Pro (2023), Apple M3 Pro chip kg CO2e – 235 –
14-inch MacBook Pro (2023), Apple M3 Max chip kg CO2e – – 296
13-inch MacBook Air (2022), Apple M2 chip kg CO2e 147 171 – Apple Vision Pro Unit

13-inch MacBook Air (2024), Apple M3 chip kg CO2e 135 144 – Apple Vision Pro kg CO2e 335

Storage configurations Storage configurations

Desktops Unit 256GB 512GB 1TB 4TB Apple TV Unit 64GB 128GB
iMac, Two ports kg CO2e 359 – – – Apple TV 4K, Wi-Fi kg CO2e 43 –
iMac, Four ports kg CO2e – 389 – – Apple TV 4K, Wi-Fi + Ethernet kg CO2e – 46
Mac mini (2023), Apple M2 Pro chip kg CO2e – 150 – –
Mac mini (2023), Apple M2 chip kg CO2e 112 126 – –
Mac Studio (2023), Apple M2 Max kg CO2e – 290 – –
Mac Studio (2023), Apple M2 Ultra kg CO2e – – 346 –
Mac Pro (2023) kg CO2e – – 1,572 –
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 81

Data

Energy
Fiscal year 1 Beginning in fiscal year 2021, we’re accounting
for the purchase of district heating, chilled
Unit 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 water, and steam.
Corporate facilities Electricity 2 Because energy efficiency measures have
energy lasting benefits, energy efficiency savings
are calculated cumulatively since 2012. All
Total MWh 3,487,000 3,199,000 2,854,000 2,580,000 2,427,000 efficiency measures are retired based on their
effective useful lifetime as documented by the
U.S. MWh 2,830,000 2,614,000 2,377,000 2,192,000 2,075,000
California Energy Commission. In 2023, we
International MWh 657,000 585,000 477,000 389,000 351,000 accounted for our expired corporate energy
efficiency savings and reflected these changes
Fuel for fiscal years 2019 through 2023. Due to
the COVID-19 pandemic, corporate facilities’
Total MWh 662,950 334,250 467,280 439,170 462,680
energy use declined temporarily as we adjusted
Natural gas MWh 312,490 188,630 203,010 202,360 202,340 lighting and climate controls due to shutdowns
and reduced occupancy. These savings are
Biogas MWh 218,780 76,280 208,620 210,820 217,140 not included in the total savings from our
energy efficiency program initiatives. We also
Propane liquid MWh 1,030 1,830 40 140 280 recognize that energy use at our employees’
Gasoline MWh 50,760 38,790 34,880 14,910 23,950 homes likely increased during this period. We
have not accounted for this energy use because
Diesel (other) MWh 57,030 15,610 9,780 9,610 16,450 we anticipated this impact is small relative to
our overall energy use and we’re still evolving
Diesel (mobile combustion) MWh 22,860 13,120 10,950 1,330 2,520 our methodology.
Other 3 Energy savings from supplier energy efficiency
improvements are reported as annualized
Steam, heating, and cooling1 MWh 45,370 19,800 22,480 0 0
numbers. Beginning in 2020, supplier energy
Energy efficiency Corporate facilities2 savings are calculated based on the fiscal year
instead of on a calendar-year basis.
Electricity savings MWh/year 298,500 290,220 223,940 215,260 118,830
4 Beginning January 1, 2018, 100 percent of the
Fuel savings MMBtu/year 126,540 116,190 110,330 136,820 162,280 electricity we use to power our global facilities is
sourced from renewable energy.
Supplier facilities3
5 Supply chain renewable electricity capacity
Electricity savings MWh/year 2,040,000,000 1,620,425,230 1,418,825,350 1,101,440 943,890 (operational) and renewable electricity use for
fiscal year 2021 do not include REC purchases
Fuel savings MMBtu/year 2,281,060 2,038,930 1,047,440 752,680 25,120 Apple made, equivalent to 0.3 GW and 500,000
Renewable electricity Corporate facilities MWh, respectively, to address a small increase
to its carbon footprint.
Renewable electricity used MWh 3,489,000 3,199,000 2,854,000 2,580,000 2,430,000
Renewable electricity percentage 4 % of total energy 100 100 100 100 100
Scope 2 emissions avoided metric tons CO2e 1,144,000 1,201,000 1,063,720 948,000 899,000
Supply chain5
Renewable electricity capacity (operational) GW 16.5 13.7 10.3 4.5 2.7
Renewable electricity capacity (committed) GW 21.0 20.0 15.9 7.9 5.1
Renewable electricity used MWh 25,500,000 23,700,000 18,100,000 11,400,000 5,700,000
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 82

Data

Resources
Fiscal year 1 We define freshwater as drinking-water
quality. The majority of our freshwater
Unit 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 comes from municipal sources, and
less than 5 percent comes from onsite
Water Corporate facilities
groundwater sources.
Total million gallons 1,610 1,527 1,407 1,287 1,291 2 Recycled water represents a key alternative
Freshwater1 million gallons 1,411 1,380 1,259 1,168 1,178 water source. Our recycled water is sourced
primarily from municipal treatment plants,
Recycled water2 million gallons 151 142 141 113 106 with less than 5 percent coming from onsite
treatment. Recycled water is primarily used
Other alternative sources 3 million gallons 48 5 7 5 7 for irrigation, makeup water in cooling, and
toilet flushing.
Supply chain
3 Other alternative sources of water include
Freshwater saved million gallons 12,700 13,000 12,300 10,800 9,300 rainwater and recovered condensate captured
Waste Corporate facilities onsite. Water used for construction activities
like dust control is not included in this total and
Landfill diversion rate % 74 71 68 70 66 represents 13 million gallons of water used in
fiscal year 2021.
Landfilled (municipal solid waste) pounds 38,343,490 33,260,990 33,202,200 25,826,550 38,317,120
4 Beginning in fiscal year 2022, we expanded our
Recycled pounds 81,781,660 78,618,250 73,489,220 63,812,300 72,338,130 packaging goal boundary to better reflect our
impact to include retail bags, all finished goods
Composted pounds 14,803,510 8,726,170 4,844,960 6,302,410 10,882,120 boxes (including plastic content in labels and
Hazardous waste pounds 7,321,130 2,780,610 3,525,840 4,053,770 6,096,600 in-box documentation), packaging sent to our
customers as part of Apple Trade In, AppleCare
Waste to energy pounds 5,713,790 1,197,570 657,890 786,250 1,129,080 packaging for whole units and service modules
(with the exception of plastics needed to
Supply chain protect items from electrostatic discharge), and
Waste diverted from landfill metric tons 497,000 523,000 419,000 400,000 322,000 secondary packaging of Apple products and
accessories sold by Apple. Our goal boundary
Product packaging Packaging does not include the inks, coatings, or adhesives
footprint used in our packaging In addition to our
Total packaging4 metric tons 254,270 276,100 257,000 226,000 189,000 packaging footprint.
Recycled fiber % of total 62 66 63 60 59 5 Responsible sourcing of wood fiber is defined
in Apple’s Sustainable Fiber Specification.
Responsibly sourced virgin fiber5 % of total 35 30 33 35 33 Since 2017, all the virgin wood fiber used in our
Plastic % of total 3 4 4 6 8 packaging has come from responsible sources.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 83

Data

Normalizing factors*
Fiscal year * As reported in Apple’s Form 10-K Annual Report
filed with the SEC.
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019
Net sales (in millions, US$) 383,285 394,328 365,817 274,515 260,174
Number of full-time equivalent employees 161,000 164,000 154,000 147,000 137,000
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 84
A: Corporate facilities energy supplement
B: Apple’s life cycle assessment methodology
C: Assurance and review statements
Net comprehensive carbon footprint, facilities energy,
carbon, waste, paper, and water data (Apex)
Product carbon footprint (Fraunhofer Institute)
Supplier Clean Energy Program (Apex)
Supplier Energy Efficiency Program (Apex)
Packaging fiber and plastic footprint
(Fraunhofer Institute)
D: Environment, Health and Safety Policy
E: ISO 14001 certification
Report notes
End notes

Appendix
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 85
A: Corporate facilities energy supplement
B: Apple’s life cycle assessment methodology
C: Assurance and review statements
D: Environment, Health and Safety Policy
E: ISO 14001 certification
Report notes
End notes

Appendix A
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 86

Appendix A

Corporate facilities energy supplement

Use of renewable energy at our facilities has been 2011 2013 2015 & 2016
a central component of our emissions reduction Ownership and PURPA: Apple’s 100 percent equity GreenEnergy Rider: We opened a new data center Portfolio solutions: We adapted to land scarcity
strategy since 2011. We’ve learned a lot about how ownership of our Maiden solar arrays was the first in Reno, Nevada. With no PURPA or Direct Access constraints in Singapore and Japan by contracting
best to secure renewable energy, which has helped time a nonenergy commercial company built its own options in Nevada, we worked directly with the local for solar PV on 800 rooftops in Singapore and 300
us educate suppliers and expand our renewable utility-scale solar PV project. We used a 1978 federal utility, NV Energy, to create a whole new regulatory in Japan. We adapted our approach in each country
energy efforts into our supply chain. This appendix law called the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act structure. The Nevada GreenEnergy Rider enables to fit local partnerships and regulatory structures:
summarizes the types of renewable energy solutions (PURPA) to structure the project. We then applied us to secure a long-term, fixed-price contract for We signed a long-term agreement similar to a power
we’ve deployed, and it details how we implement this same structure to two more large solar PV and renewable electricity from a new solar PV project purchase agreement in Singapore and made an
renewable energy at our data centers — our largest biogas fuel cell projects in North Carolina and two built for us but managed by the utility. We’ve used equity investment in Japan. These projects offer us
energy loads. microhydro projects in Oregon. This was a landmark this partnership to create four solar projects totaling long-term flexibility as our load grows.
moment in corporate renewable energy development 320 megawatts.
and led to an increased use of PURPA in these states. 2017
How we procure 2014 Renewable microgrid: We’ve been powering Apple
renewable energy 2012 Equity investment: We invested in two 20-megawatt Park with 100 percent renewable energy — more
Direct Access: In California and Oregon, we’ve solar PV projects in Sichuan, China, to support than 50 percent of which is generated onsite and
Since launching our renewable energy program in used a program called Direct Access to bypass the all our in-country retail stores, corporate offices, managed by a microgrid. The onsite generation
2011, we’ve implemented a number of solutions to default electricity generation offered by the utilities and data storage facilities. This project represented comes from 14 megawatts of rooftop solar PV and
procure renewable energy. Our strategy has evolved servicing our data centers in those states. Instead, the first time a commercial company created a new 4 megawatts of baseload biogas fuel cells. Any
over time to create the most positive impact. we contracted directly with independent power large-scale project in China for its own use. We’ve additional energy required is drawn by Direct Access
producers and electricity service providers who since replicated this model many times for Apple’s from the California Flats solar project in nearby
could supply 100 percent renewable electricity. After supply chain. Monterey County. The microgrid system with battery
initially buying from existing, third-party-owned storage manages the renewable energy generation
projects, we’re now procuring renewable energy from and the building’s energy use; optimizes demand
projects we created: The Solar Star II and Montague management, load shifting, and frequency regulation
Wind projects deliver renewables to our Oregon data services; and ensures uninterrupted energy reliability
center, and the California Flats solar project delivers against local grid outages.
renewables to our data centers, offices, and retail
stores in California.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 87

Facilities renewable energy projects Location Renewable energy technology Size (MW) Note: Data current as of February 2024
(operational).
To reach 100 percent renewable electricity for Australia PV 0.5
Apple’s own facilities, Apple has helped create Brazil Wind 0.5
1,647 MW of renewable energy around the world. The China mainland PV 195
projects listed to the right represent Apple-created Denmark PV 42
renewable energy projects that support Apple Denmark Wind 17
facilities’ electricity use and contribute to cleaner India PV 16
grids around the world. Operational projects apply Israel PV 5
a mix of renewable energy technology, including
Japan PV 12
wind (22 percent), solar (78 percent), microhydro
Mexico Wind 0.8
(0.2 percent), and biogas fuel cells (0.2 percent).
Power for Impact projects PV 1.2
Rooftop solar projects PV 5
This table represents all operational renewable
Singapore PV 54
energy projects that Apple has helped create.
Taiwan PV 1
Türkiye PV 4
Arizona, U.S. PV 62
California, U.S. Biogas fuel cell 4
California, U.S. PV 144
Illinois, U.S. Wind 112
Nevada, U.S. PV 320
North Carolina, U.S. PV 164
Oregon, U.S. Microhydro 3
Oregon, U.S. PV 125
Oregon, U.S. Wind 200
Texas, U.S. Wind 25
Virginia, U.S. PV 134
Total 1647
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 88

Fiscal year 2023 energy and carbon footprint (corporate facilities) Dash indicates unavailable data.

The table below provides a detailed breakdown of 2023 energy use, which we used to calculate our greenhouse gas emissions. N/A = Gas use at colocation facilities is considered
outside of Apple’s operational control.

Scope 1 x Scope 2 1 Scope 2 market-based emissions from

purchased electricity is zero. But, we also
Scope 2 emissions account for purchased steam, heating, and
Total gas Renewable Scope 1 emissions (metric Electricity Renewable electricity (market-based, metric cooling, which resulted in 3,400 metric tons of
emissions in fiscal year 2023.
Location (MMBtu) biogas (MMBtu) tons CO2e) (million kWh) (million kWh) tons CO2e)1
Corporate 1,007,071 746,506 42,746 940 940 0
Cupertino, CA 805,271 202,306 32,027 427 427 0
Elk Grove, CA 10,175 0 540 14 14 0
Austin, TX 24,826 0 1,319 113 113 0
Other U.S. 104,718 544,200 5,562 143 143 0
Cork, Ireland 24,219 0 1,286 16 16 0
Singapore 518 0 28 18 18 0
China 960 0 51 41 41 0
Other international 36,384 0 1,933 168 168 0

Data center 740 0 39 2,344 2,344 0

Maiden, NC 0 0 0 453 453 0
Mesa, AZ 524 0 28 488 488 0
Newark, CA 0 0 0 0 0 0
Prineville, OR 216 0 11 269 269 0
Reno, NV 0 0 0 440 440 0
Viborg, Denmark – – – 40 40 0
Colocation facilities (U.S.) – – – 387 387 0
Colocation facilities (international) – – – 96 96 0
China – – – 171 171 0

Retail stores 58,446 0 3,105 203 203 0

Domestic (U.S.) 34,449 0 1,830 96 96 0
International 23,997 0 1,275 107 107 0

Total 1,066,257 746,506 45,890 3,199 3,199 0

Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 89

A focus on data centers Maiden, North Carolina and Duke Energy to develop new renewable energy 2 In our 2023 Environmental Progress Report,
we stated that we operate eight data centers.
We used over 2.3 billion kWh of electricity in 2023 100 percent renewable since opening June 2010 projects. The five Green Source Rider projects have For fiscal year 2023, we no longer include the
to power our data centers and colocation facilities Between 2011 and 2015, we installed 68 megawatts a combined capacity of 22 megawatts. In 2017, Newark, CA data center as it has been sold in
fiscal year 2022.
around the world. We’re proud that 100 percent of Apple-created projects: two 20-megawatt we made long-term commitments to five more
3 Emissions avoided are calculated using the GHG
of that electricity came from renewable sources solar projects, an 18-megawatt solar project, and solar projects in North Carolina, for an additional Protocol methodology for calculating market-
based emissions.
including solar, wind, biogas fuel cells, and low- 10 megawatts of biogas fuel cells. We then worked 85 megawatts of renewable energy.
impact hydropower. To cover our needs, we build our with the local utility, Duke Energy, to help build
own renewable power projects and work with utilities five solar projects through its Green Source Rider The energy efficiency measures we’ve implemented
to purchase clean energy from locally obtained program. These solar projects came online beginning at our Maiden data centers include use of outside air
resources. We’re staying at 100 percent even as in 2015 and were Duke Energy’s first Green Source cooling through a waterside economizer during night
Apple’s data center presence continues to grow. Rider projects to become operational. We worked and cool-weather hours, which, along with water
with Duke Energy for several years to develop this storage, allows the chillers to be idle 75 percent
We now operate seven data centers, and more are green energy tariff option, which allowed Apple of the time.
being developed.2 These data centers are spread
across North America, Europe, and Asia. Each has
unique design features that conserve energy and Maiden, North Carolina: Grid mix versus. Apple-sourced renewable energy
reflect the climate, as well as other aspects, of Electricity use in 2023: 453 million kWh
its location. Emissions avoided in 2023: 121,00 million MT CO2e3

Default grid mix % x Apple actual renewable energy allocation %

Gas 43 Apple’s solar projects 88
Nuclear 32 Apple’s wind projects 12
Coal 11 Source: 2023 energy data.

Renewable 10
Hydro 4
Source: eGRID 2022.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 90

Prineville, Oregon Also supporting the data center are two microhydro Reno, Nevada Utility Commission of Nevada to create a green 4 Emissions avoided are calculated using the GHG
Protocol methodology for calculating market-
100 percent renewable since opening May 2012 projects that harness the power of water flowing 100 percent renewable since opening energy option open to all commercial customers, based emissions.
To support our Prineville data center, we signed a through local irrigation canals that have been December 2012 called the NV GreenEnergy Rider, that does not 5 Emissions avoided are calculated using the GHG

200-megawatt power purchase agreement for a operating for over 60 years. To supplement these Unlike competitive energy markets where some of require the customer to fund project development Protocol methodology for calculating market-
based emissions.
new Oregon wind farm, the Montague Wind Power projects, we executed a long-term purchase our data centers are located, the regulated electricity up front. Thanks to this new option, in 2015 we
Facility, which entered commercial operation at the agreement for all environmental attributes from supply in Nevada did not offer a simple solution for us announced our second Nevada solar project,
end of 2019. a 69-megawatt portfolio of eight solar projects to create new renewable energy projects dedicated the 50-megawatt Boulder Solar II project. This
in Oregon. to our data center. In 2013, we created a partnership project came online in 2017. We‘ve utilized the NV
This is in addition to our power purchase agreement with the local utility, NV Energy, to develop the Fort GreenEnergy Rider program to create two additional
for the 56-megawatt Solar Star Oregon II project Our Prineville data center takes advantage of the cool Churchill Solar project. Apple designed, financed, projects: the 200-megawatt Techren II solar project,
located just a few miles from our data center. This and dry climate by cooling its servers with outside and constructed the project. NV Energy owns and online in 2019, and the 50-megawatt Turquoise
solar PV project came online and began supporting air whenever possible. Indirect evaporative cooling operates the facility and directs all the renewable Project, online in 2020.
the data center in 2017. To strengthen the connection is enabled when the outside air temperature gets too energy it produces to our data center. The nearly
between Apple and these projects, we use Oregon’s high to cool the servers with outside air alone. 20-megawatt Fort Churchill Solar project was Like in Prineville, our Reno data center takes
Direct Access program to supply the renewable based on a unique tracker with curved mirrors that advantage of the mild climate by cooling its servers
energy from these projects directly to our data center. concentrate sunlight onto photovoltaic cells. with outside air whenever possible. When the outside
air is too warm to cool the servers alone, it draws
To facilitate further renewable development in from indirect evaporative cooling.
Nevada, Apple worked with NV Energy and the Public

Prineville, Oregon: Grid mix versus Apple-sourced renewable energy Reno, Nevada: Grid mix versus Apple-sourced renewable energy
Electricity use in 2023: 269 million kWh Electricity use in 2023: 440 million kWh
Emissions avoided in 2023: 79,800 million CO2e4 Emissions avoided in 2023: 130,600 million MT CO2e5

Default grid mix % x Apple actual renewable energy allocation % Default grid mix % x Apple actual renewable energy allocation %
Hydro 51 Apple’s solar projects 38 Gas 59 Appleʼs solar projects (NV GreenEnergy Rider program) 100
Gas 31 Apple’s wind projects 60 Renewable 30 Source: 2023 energy data.

Renewable 18 Apple’s microhydro projects 2 Coal 7

Source: eGrid 2022. Source: 2023 energy data. Hydro 4
Source: eGRID 2022.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 91

Mesa, Arizona We began to explore onsite solar options at the Denmark online in late 2020. We’ve secured long-term supply 6 Apple took operational control of the building in
October 2015 and converted it to a data center
100 percent renewable since opening March 20176 data center and determined that we could provide 100 percent renewable energy from the first day contracts with both Danish renewable projects, which that began servicing customers in March 2017.

Our global command data center in Mesa, Arizona, valuable shaded parking that paid for itself through of operations will scale up as our data center loads grow. 7 Emissions avoided are calculated using the GHG
Protocol methodology for calculating market-
came online in 2016. To support this facility, we energy bill reductions while adding to our renewable Our data center came online in 2020. The data based emissions.
partnered with the local utility, Salt River Project energy portfolio. The resulting PV facility includes center’s construction phase was powered with The power system design at the data center is based 8 Emissions avoided are calculated using the GHG
(SRP), to build the 50-megawatt Bonnybrooke solar five elevated parking canopies and three ground- 100 percent wind energy from a local renewable on a resilient substation that eliminates the need for Protocol methodology for calculating market-
based emissions.
project, which became operational in January 2017. mounted arrays, for a total generating capacity of energy retailer in Denmark. Our Northern Jutland backup diesel generators. This reduces the carbon
4.67 MW. The onsite PV system began commercial PV project achieved commercial operation in late footprint of the data center and completely eliminates
As the Mesa data center grew, it became apparent operation in March 2019. 2019, will meet all the data center’s near-term energy the need for large diesel fuel storage systems and
that we needed additional sources of renewable needs, and at 42 megawatts, is one of Denmark’s diesel engine emissions that would impact the
energy to maintain our 100 percent renewable largest solar power plants. Our second renewable local community.
electricity goal. project in Denmark, a 17 MW wind project, also came

Mesa, Arizona: Grid mix versus Apple-sourced renewable energy Denmark: Grid mix versus Apple-sourced renewable energy
Electricity use in 2023: 488 million kWh Electricity use in 2023: 40 million kWh
Emissions avoided in 2023: 181,500 million MT CO2e7 Emissions avoided in 2023: 22,000 million MT CO2e8

Default grid mix % x Apple actual renewable energy allocation % Default grid mix % Apple actual renewable energy allocation %
Gas 43 Apple’s solar projects 82 Renewable 62 Apple’s wind and solar projects 100
Nuclear 31 Apple’s wind projects 18 Hydro 20 Source: 2023 energy data.

Coal 13 Source: 2023 energy data. Coal 8

Hydro 5 Gas 5
Renewable 9 Nuclear 4
Source: eGRID 2022. Other 1
Note: Total doesn’t add up to 100 percent due to rounding. Source: Energinet. https://energinet.dk/data-om-energi/deklarationer-
og-csr/lokationsbaseret-deklaration-miljodeklaration/.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 92

China 9 Emissions avoided are calculated using the GHG

Protocol methodology for calculating market-
100 percent renewable energy from the first day based emissions.
of operations
To cover the electricity load at our two data centers
in China, we secured long term agreements with solar
and wind projects in China — both operational.

As the data centers further expand, we’ll continue

to source renewable electricity in-country to support
the growth with renewable electricity.

China: Grid mix versus Apple-sourced renewable energy

Electricity use in 2023: 171 million kWh
Emissions avoided in 2023: 105,000 million kWh9

Default grid mix % x Apple actual renewable energy allocation %

Coal 63 Apple’s solar projects 50
Hydro 17 Apple’s wind projects 50
Renewable 11 Source: 2023 energy data.

Nuclear 5
Gas 3
Source: IEA Electricity Information 2022, www.iea.org/data-and-
statistics/data-product/electricity-information.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 93

Our colocation facilities Apple’s emissions – 10 We calculate default utility emissions to

The majority of our online services are provided Total energy Renewable Default utility emissions including renewable energy Percent renewable provide baseline emissions of what our carbon
use (kWh) energy (kWh) (metric tons CO2e)10 (metric tons CO2e)11 energy (%)12 footprint would have been without the use of
by our own data centers; however, we also use renewable energy. This allows us to demonstrate
FY 2011 42,500 0 10 10 0 the savings resulting from our renewable
third-party colocation facilities for additional data energy program.
FY 2012 38,552,300 1,471,680 17,200 16,500 4
center capacity. While we don’t own these shared 11 Apple’s greenhouse gas emissions are
FY 2013 79,462,900 46,966,900 31,800 14,500 59 calculated using the World Resources Institute
facilities and use only a portion of their total capacity,
Greenhouse Gas Protocol methodology for
FY 2014 108,659,700 88,553,400 44,300 11,000 81
we include our portion of their energy use in our calculating market-based emissions.

renewable energy goals. FY 2015 142,615,000 121,086,100 60,500 12,700 85 12 We calculate our progress toward our
100 percent renewable energy goal on a
FY 201613 145,520,900 143,083,200 66,300 1,600 98
calendar-year basis, while the numbers
Starting in January 2018, 100 percent of our power FY 2017 289,195,800 286,378,100 125,600 1,500 99 reported in this table are based on fiscal year.
Beginning January 1, 2018, all the electricity use
for colocation facilities was matched with renewable FY 2018 327,663,800 326,959,700 146,600 400 100 at our colocation facilities is from 100 percent
renewable energy.
energy generated within the same country or regional FY 2019 339,047,649 339,047,649 146,400 0 100
13 Over the past few years, we’ve been installing
grid. As our loads grow over time, we’ll continue FY 2020 372,901,398 372,901,398 153,459 0 100 submeters in colocation facilities to better track
working with our colocation suppliers to match FY 2021 384,727,076 384,727,076 146,780 0 100 electricity usage. Beginning in fiscal year 2016,
we started reporting this submetered electricity
100 percent of our energy use with renewables. FY 2022 487,921,930 487,921,930 182,700 0 100 usage. Prior to fiscal year 2016, reported
electricity usage was conservatively estimated
FY 2023 483,299,062 483,299,062 186,141 0 100 based on maximum contract capacity quantities.
Third-party computing We’ve updated our fiscal year 2016 colocation
facilities footprint to more accurately reflect
Beyond the use of our own data centers and Apple’s operational boundaries. Per the GHG
colocation facilities, we also use third-party services Protocol, we’ve removed from our electricity
usage and scope 2 calculations those emissions
to support some of our on-demand cloud computing associated with colocation facility cooling and
building operations.
and storage services. As of 2023 , all the electricity
associated with Apple’s load at our third-party
computing vendors is matched with 100 percent
clean energy.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 94
A: Corporate facilities energy supplement
B: Apple’s life cycle assessment methodology
C: Assurance and review statements
D: Environment, Health and Safety Policy
E: ISO 14001 certification
Report notes
End notes

Appendix B
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 95

Appendix B

Apple’s life cycle assessment methodology

When conducting a product life cycle assessment PRODUCT LCA PROCESS
(LCA), we calculate greenhouse gas emissions using
the 100-year time horizon global warming potentials How Apple conducts our product greenhouse gas life cycle assessment
(GWP100) from the 2023 IPCC Sixth Assessment
Report (AR6),1 including biogenic carbon.

There is inherent uncertainty in modeling greenhouse

To model the To model transportation To model customer use To model end of life Putting it all together
gas emissions due primarily to data limitations.
manufacturing phase
For the top component contributors to Apple’s
We use data collected on shipments We measure the power consumed We use material composition data After we collect data about
greenhouse gas emissions, Apple addresses
We use part-by-part measurements of single products and multipack units by a product while it is running in a on our products and estimate the manufacturing, use, transportation,
this uncertainty by developing detailed process-
of the entire product along with data by land, sea, and air. We account simulated scenario. Daily usage patterns ratio of products that are sent to and end of life, we combine it with
based environmental models with Apple-specific
on part production. In some cases for transporting materials between are specific to each product and are a recycling or disposal. For products detailed greenhouse gas emission
parameters. For the remaining elements of Apple’s
where part-by-part data is not readily manufacturing sites; transporting mixture of actual and modeled customer sent to recycling, we capture the data. This emission data is based
carbon footprint, we rely on industry average data
available, we also use design-level products from manufacturing sites to use data. For the purposes of our initial processing by the recycler to on a combination of Apple-specific
and assumptions.
data for size and weight detail. The regional distribution hubs; transporting assessment, years of use, which are prepare the product for recovery and industry-average data sets for
measurements help us accurately products from regional distribution based on first owners, are modeled to of electronic, metal, plastic, and material production, manufacturing
The following details the five steps we use
determine the size and weight of the hubs to individual customers; and be four years for macOS, visionOS, and glass material streams. Subsequent processes, electricity generation, and
to conduct our LCA:
components and materials in the transporting products from final tvOS devices and three years for iOS, downstream recycling processes are transportation. Renewable energy
product, while data on manufacturing customers to recycling facilities. iPadOS, and watchOS devices. Most not included, as these are considered used in the supply chain, initiated by
processes and yield loss during Apple products last longer and are often stages of production and not end-of- suppliers independently or through
production allows us to account for passed along, resold, or returned to life processing. For products sent to the Apple Supplier Clean Energy
the impact of manufacturing. The LCA Apple by the first owner for others to disposal, we capture the emissions Program, is also accounted for within
includes accessories and packaging, use. More information on our product associated with landfilling or the LCA model. Combining product-
as well as decreased emissions energy use is provided in our Product incineration of each type of material. specific information with emission
through Apple’s Supplier Clean Energy Environmental Reports. data in our LCA allows us to compile
Program. When calculating Apple’s detailed results for greenhouse gas
comprehensive carbon footprint, we emissions as they relate to each
also include units that are repaired and product. The data and modeling
replaced through AppleCare. approaches are checked for quality
and accuracy by the Fraunhofer
Institute in Germany.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 96
A: Corporate facilities energy supplement
B: Apple’s life cycle assessment methodology
C: Assurance and review statements
Net comprehensive carbon footprint, facilities energy,
carbon, waste, paper, and water data (Apex)
Product carbon footprint (Fraunhofer Institute)
Supplier Clean Energy Program (Apex)
Supplier Energy Efficiency Program (Apex)
Packaging fiber and plastic footprint
(Fraunhofer Institute)
D: Environment, Health and Safety Policy
E: ISO 14001 certification
Report notes
End notes

Appendix C
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 97

INDEPENDENT ASSURANCE STATEMENT

Appendix C The work was planned and carried out to provide reasonable assurance for the following indicators, and
we believe it provides an appropriate basis for our conclusions:

Net comprehensive
To: The Stakeholders of Apple Inc. • Energy: Direct (Million Therms) and Indirect (Million kilowatt hours (mkWh))
• Renewable Energy (mkWh)
• Water Withdrawal (Million Gallons)

carbon footprint,
Introduction and objectives of work • Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions: Direct Scope 1 emissions by weight, Indirect
Scope 2 emissions by weight (Metric Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent)
Apex Companies, LLC (Apex) was engaged by Apple Inc. (Apple) to conduct an independent assurance of select • Paper Quantities (Metric Tonnes)
environmental data reported in its 2023 environmental report (the Report). This assurance statement applies to
the related information included within the scope of work described below. The intended users of the assurance

facilities energy,
statement are the stakeholders of Apple. The overall aim of this process is to provide assurance to Apple’s
The work was planned and carried out to provide limited assurance for the following indicators, and we
stakeholders on the accuracy, reliability and objectivity of Subject Matter included in the Report. believe it provides an appropriate basis for our conclusions:

This information and its presentation in the Report are the sole responsibility of the management of Apple. Apex • Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions: Indirect Scope 3 emissions by weight (Purchased

carbon, waste,
was not involved in the collection of the information or the drafting of the Report. Goods and Services, Fuel and Energy-Related Activities, Employee Commuting and
Business Travel) (Metric Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent)
Scope of Work • Apple Comprehensive Carbon Footprint
• Waste Quantities and Disposition (Metric Tonnes)

paper, and water

Apple requested Apex to include in its independent review the following (Subject Matter):
Our Findings
▪ Assurance of select environmental data and information included in the Report for the fiscal
year 2023 reporting period (September 25, 2022 through September 30, 2023), specifically, in Apex verified the following indicators for Apple’s Fiscal Year 2022 reporting period (September 25, 2022

data (Apex)
accordance with Apple’s definitions and World Resources Institute (WRI)/World Business through September 30, 2023):
Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Greenhouse Gas Protocol:
o Energy: Direct (Million Therms) and Indirect (Million kilowatt hours (mkWh))
o Renewable Energy (mkWh) Parameter Quantity Units Boundary / Protocol
o Water Withdrawal (Million Gallons)
o Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions: Direct Scope 1 emissions by weight, Indirect Scope 2 Natural Gas Consumption 1,066,300 Metric million British Worldwide occupied
emissions by weight, Indirect Scope 3 emissions by weight (Purchased Goods and thermal unit properties / Apple Internal
Services, Fuel and Energy Related Activities, Employee Commute and Business Travel) Protocol
(Metric Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide equivalent)
o Apple Comprehensive Carbon Footprint Electricity Consumption 3,500 Million kilowatt Worldwide occupied
hours (mkWh) properties / Apple Internal
o Waste Quantities and Disposition (Metric Tonnes) Protocol
o Paper Quantities (Metric Tonnes)
Renewable Energy 3,500 Million kilowatt Worldwide / Invoiced
hours (mkWh) quantities & self-generated
Excluded from the scope of our work is any assurance of information relating to:
Scope 1 GHG Emissions 55,200 Metric tonnes of Worldwide occupied
▪ Text or other written statements associated with the Report carbon dioxide properties / WRI/WBCSD
equivalent (tCO2e) GHG Protocol
▪ Activities outside the defined assurance period
Scope 2 GHG Emissions 1,206,700 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
Assessment Standards (Location-Based) properties / WRI/WBCSD
GHG Protocol
Our work was conducted against Apex’s standard procedures and guidelines for external Verification
of Sustainability Reports, based on current best practice in independent assurance. Apex procedures Scope 2 GHG Emissions 3,400 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
are based on principles and methods described in the International Standard on Assurance (Market-Based) properties / WRI/WBCSD
GHG Protocol
Engagements (ISAE) 3000 Revised, Assurance Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of
Historical Financial Information (effective for assurance reports dated on or after Dec. 15, 2015), issued
Scope 3 Transmission and 0 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board and ISO 14064-3: Greenhouse gases -- Distribution Loses (Market- properties / WRI/WBCSD
Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas statements. Based) GHG Protocol Value Chain
(Scope 3)
Methodology
Scope 3 GHG Emissions – 18,300 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
Upstream Fuel-Related properties / WRI/WBCSD
Apex undertook the following activities: Activities GHG Protocol Value Chain
(Scope 3)
1. Site visits to Apple facilities in Rialto, California and Battersea, United Kingdom;
2. Interviews with relevant personnel of Apple; Scope 3 GHG Emissions – 225,700 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
3. Review of internal and external documentary evidence produced by Apple; Business Travel properties / WRI/WBCSD
GHG Protocol Value Chain
4. Audit of environmental performance data presented in the Report, including a detailed review (Scope 3)
of a sample of data against source data; and
5. Review of Apple information systems for collection, aggregation, analysis and internal
verification and review of environmental data.

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Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 98

Scope 3 GHG Emissions – 164,100 tCO2e Worldwide occupied Comprehensive Carbon Footprint (Market Based)
Employee Commute properties / WRI/WBCSD
GHG Protocol Value Chain Corporate GHG Emissions 471,400 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
(Scope 3) (Market-Based)1 properties / WRI/WBCSD
GHG Protocol
Scope 3 GHG Emissions - 20,600 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
Work From Home Emissions properties / WRI/WBCSD
(Employee Commute) GHG Protocol Value Chain Product Use2 4,600,000 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
(Location-Based) (Scope 3) properties / WRI/WBCSD
GHG Protocol

Scope 3 GHG Emissions – 4,700 tCO2e Worldwide occupied

Work From Home Emissions properties / WRI/WBCSD Manufacturing3 9,400,000 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
(Employee Commute) GHG Protocol Value Chain properties / WRI/WBCSD
(Market-Based) (Scope 3) GHG Protocol

Scope 3 GHG Emissions - 0 tCO2e Worldwide occupied Transportation4 1,500,000 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
Other Cloud Services properties / WRI/WBCSD properties / WRI/WBCSD
(Purchased Goods and GHG Protocol Value Chain GHG Protocol
Services) (Market-Based) (Scope 3)
Recycling4 70,000 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
Water Withdrawal 1600 Million gallons Worldwide occupied properties / WRI/WBCSD
properties / Apple Internal GHG Protocol
Protocol
Comprehensive Carbon 16,100,000 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
Water Discharge 900 Million gallons Worldwide occupied Footprint5 properties / WRI/WBCSD
properties / Apple Internal GHG Protocol
Protocol

Trash Disposed in Landfill 17,400 Metric tonnes Worldwide occupied

properties / Apple Internal Parameter Quantity Units Boundary / Protocol
Protocol
Carbon Removals 485,000 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
Hazardous Waste 3,300 Metric tonnes Worldwide occupied properties / WRI/WBCSD
(Regulated waste) properties / Apple Internal GHG Protocol Value Chain
Protocol
Net Footprint6 15,600,000 tCO2e Worldwide occupied
Recycled Material (Removal 37,000 Metric tonnes Worldwide occupied properties / WRI/WBCSD
by recycling contractor) properties / Apple Internal GHG Protocol Value Chain
Protocol

Composted Material 6,700 Metric tonnes Worldwide occupied

1. Corporate GHG Emissions = Scope 1 GHG Emissions + Scope 2 (Market-Based) GHG Emissions + Scope 3 GHG Emissions
properties / Apple Internal
2. Product Use emissions (4.65 million metric tonnes) reportedly verified by another third-party provider. Apex verified 0.05 million
Protocol metric tonnes reduction.
3. Manufacturing emissions (27.92 million metric tonnes) not verified by Apex - reportedly verified by another third-party provider -
Waste to Energy 2,600 Metric tonnes Worldwide occupied CEP emissions reductions (18.51 million metric tonnes).
properties / Apple Internal 4. Not Verified by Apex. Reportedly verified by another third-party provider.
5. Comprehensive Carbon Footprint = Corporate GHG Emissions + Product Use + Manufacturing + Transportation + Recycling
. Protocol 6. Net Footprint= Gross Carbon Footprint – Carbon Removals

C&D Landfilled 3,200 Metric tonnes Worldwide occupied

properties / Apple Internal
Protocol Our Conclusion

C&D Recycled 23,600 Metric tonnes Worldwide occupied Based on the assurance process and procedures conducted regarding the Subject Matter, we conclude
properties / Apple Internal that:
Protocol
• The Energy, Water, Paper, and Scope 1, Scope 2, Scope 3 (Business Travel & Employee
Commute) GHG Emissions assertions shown above are materially correct and are a fair
Paper Used 1,100 Metric tonnes Worldwide occupied
properties / Apple Internal representation of the data and information;
Protocol • There is no evidence that the Scope 3 (Business Travel, Employee Commute Work From
Home, Other Cloud Services, and Fuel and Energy Related Activities) GHG emissions, Waste,
Product end use avoided 48,800 tCO2e Worldwide occupied and Comprehensive Carbon Footprint assertions shown above are not materially correct and
emissions properties / WRI/WBCSD are not a fair representation of the data and information;
GHG Protocol Value Chain
(Scope 3) • Apple has established appropriate systems for the collection, aggregation and analysis of
relevant environmental information, and has implemented underlying internal assurance
practices that provide a reasonable degree of confidence that such information is complete and
accurate.

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Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 99

Statement of independence, integrity and competence

Apex has implemented a Code of Ethics across the business to maintain high ethical standards among
staff in their day to day business activities. We are particularly vigilant in the prevention of conflicts of
interest.

No member of the assurance team has a business relationship with Apple, its Directors or Managers
beyond that required of this assignment. We have conducted this verification independently, and there
has been no conflict of interest.

The assurance team has extensive experience in conducting verification and assurance over
environmental, social, ethical and health and safety information, systems and processes, has over 30
years combined experience in this field and an excellent understanding of Apex standard methodology
for the Assurance of Sustainability Reports.

Attestation:

Trevor Donaghu, Lead Verifier Mary E. Armstrong-Friberg, Technical Reviewer

ESG Director, National Practice Lead ESG Program Manager
Apex Companies, LLC Apex Companies, LLC

April 11, 2024

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Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 100

Appendix C

Product carbon
footprint
(Fraunhofer
Institute)
2023 27.92 1.50 4.65 0.07 34.14

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Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 101

o
o

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www.linkedin.com/in/karsten-schischke
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 102

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Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 103

INDEPENDENT ASSURANCE STATEMENT

Appendix C The work was planned and carried out to provide limited assurance for all indicators and we believe it
provides an appropriate basis for our conclusions.

Supplier Clean
To: The Stakeholders of Apple Inc.

Our Findings
Introduction and objectives of work
Apex verified the following indicators for Apple’s Fiscal Year 2023 reporting period (September 25, 2022

Energy Program
Apex Companies, LLC (Apex) was engaged by Apple Inc. (Apple) to conduct an independent assurance through September 30, 2023):
of its Supplier Clean Energy Program data reported in its 2023 environmental report (the Report). This
assurance statement applies to the related information included within the scope of work described
below. The intended users of the assurance statement are the stakeholders of Apple. The overall aim

(Apex)
Parameter Quantity Units Boundary / Protocol
of this process is to provide assurance to Apple’s stakeholders on the accuracy, reliability and objectivity Clean Energy Use 25.54 Million megawatt Apple suppliers / Apple
of select information included in the Report. hours (mMWh) Internal Protocol

This information and its presentation in the Report are the sole responsibility of the management of Avoided GHG Emissions 18.51 Million metric tons Apple suppliers / Apple
Apple. Apex was not involved in the collection of the information or the drafting of the Report. of carbon dioxide Internal Protocol
equivalent
(mMtCO2e)

Scope of Work Operational Capacity 16,552 Megawatts (MWac) Apple suppliers / Apple
Internal Protocol
Apple requested Apex to include in its independent review the following:
▪ Methodology for tracking and verifying supplier clean energy contributions, including the Energy Our Conclusion
Survey, Renewable Energy Agreement, and other forms of supporting documentation provided
by suppliers where available. Based on the assurance process and procedures conducted, we conclude that:

▪ Assurance of Clean Energy Program data and information for the fiscal year 2023 reporting • Nothing has come to our attention to indicate that the reviewed Clean Energy Use, Avoided
period (September 25, 2022 through September 30, 2023), specifically, in accordance with GHG Emissions, and Operational Capacity assertions within the scope of our verification are
Apple’s definitions: inaccurate and the information included therein is not fairly stated and have not been prepared
in accordance with Apple’s stated protocols for the Supplier Clean Energy Program; and
o Energy - Reported megawatt-hours (MWh) of clean energy attributed to the Clean Energy
Program for suppliers; • Apple has established appropriate systems for the collection, aggregation and analysis of
relevant environmental information, and has implemented underlying internal assurance
o Avoided Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions associated with clean energy attributed to the practices that provide a reasonable degree of confidence that such information is complete and
Clean Energy Program; accurate.
o Operational Capacity in megawatts (MWac) of clean energy in support of Apple
manufacturing as a part of Apple’s Supplier Clean Energy Program;
Statement of independence, integrity and competence
o Appropriateness and robustness of underlying reporting systems and processes, used to
collect, analyze, and review the information reported. Apex has implemented a Code of Ethics across the business to maintain high ethical standards among
staff in their day-to-day business activities. We are particularly vigilant in the prevention of conflicts of
Excluded from the scope of our work is any assurance of information relating to:
interest.
▪ Text or other written statements associated with the Report
No member of the assurance team has a business relationship with Apple, its Directors or Managers
▪ Activities outside the defined assurance period beyond that required of this assignment. We have conducted this verification independently, and there
has been no conflict of interest.
The assurance team has extensive experience in conducting verification and assurance over
Assessment Standards environmental, social, ethical and health and safety information, systems and processes, has over 30
Our work was conducted against Apex’s standard procedures and guidelines for external Verification years combined experience in this field and an excellent understanding of Apex standard methodology
of Sustainability Reports, based on current best practice in independent assurance. Apex procedures for the Assurance of Sustainability Reports.
are based on principles and methods described in the International Standard on Assurance
Engagements (ISAE) 3000 Revised, Assurance Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of Attestation:
Historical Financial Information (effective for assurance reports dated on or after Dec. 15, 2015), issued
by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board and ISO 14064-3: Greenhouse gases --
Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and verification of greenhouse gas statements.

Trevor Donaghu, Lead Verifier David Reilly, Technical Reviewer

Methodology
ESG Director, National Practice Lead ESG Principal Consultant
1. Interviews with relevant personnel of Apple; Apex Companies, LLC Apex Companies, LLC
2. Review of internal and external documentary evidence produced by Apple;
March 8, 2024
3. Audit of environmental performance data presented in the Report, including a detailed review
of a sample of data against source data; and
4. Review of Apple information systems for collection, aggregation, analysis and internal
verification and review of environmental data. Apex Companies, LLC

Page 2 of 2
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 104

Appendix C The work was planned and carried out to provide limited, rather than reasonable assurance
and we believe it provides an appropriate basis for our conclusions.
INDEPENDENT ASSURANCE STATEMENT

Supplier Energy To: The Stakeholders of Apple Inc.

Our Findings
Apex verified Avoided Greenhouse Gas emissions for the fiscal year 2023 reporting period:

Efficiency Program Introduction and objectives of work

Apex Companies, LLC (Apex) was engaged by Apple Inc. (Apple) to conduct an independent FY2023
Period

1.69
Quantity Units

Million metric tons

Boundary / Protocol

Apple suppliers / Apple

(Apex)
(9/25/2022 - 9/30/2023) of carbon dioxide Internal Protocol
assurance of its Supplier Energy Efficiency Program data. This assurance statement applies equivalent
to the related information included within the scope of work described below. The intended
users of the assurance statement are the stakeholders of Apple. The overall aim of this process
is to provide assurance to Apple’s stakeholders on the accuracy, reliability and objectivity of the
On the basis of our methodology and the activities described above:
reported information.
▪ Nothing has come to our attention to indicate that the reviewed emissions data within
This information and its presentation are the sole responsibility of the management of Apple.
the scope of our verification are inaccurate and the information included therein is not
Apex was not involved in the collection of the information or the drafting of the reported
fairly stated and have not been prepared in accordance with Apple’s stated protocols
information.
for the Supplier Energy Efficiency Program;
▪ It is our opinion that Apple has established appropriate systems for the collection,
Scope of work aggregation and analysis of quantitative data such as energy and associated GHG
emissions reductions.
Apple requested Apex to include in its independent review the following:
This independent statement should not be relied upon to detect all errors, omissions or
▪ Methodology for tracking and verifying supplier energy efficiency projects, including
misstatements that may exist.
supplier energy audit reports, supplier progress reports, energy efficiency project
verifications, and other forms of supporting documentation provided by suppliers where
available;
Statement of independence, integrity and competence
▪ Assurance of Energy Efficiency Program data and information for the fiscal year 2023
reporting period (September 25, 2022 through September 30, 2023), specifically, in Apex has implemented a Code of Ethics across the business to maintain high ethical standards
accordance with Apple’s definitions: among staff in their day to day business activities. We are particularly vigilant in the prevention
of conflicts of interest.
o Avoided Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions associated with energy reductions
attributed to the Energy Efficiency Program; No member of the assurance team has a business relationship with Apple, its Directors or
Managers beyond that required of this assignment. We have conducted this verification
o Appropriateness and robustness of underlying reporting systems and processes, independently, and there has been no conflict of interest.
used to collect, analyze, and review the information reported.
The assurance team has extensive experience in conducting verification and assurance over
Excluded from the scope of our work is any assurance of information relating to: environmental, social, ethical and health and safety information, systems and processes, has
▪ Activities outside the defined assurance period. over 30 years combined experience in this field and an excellent understanding of Apex
standard methodology for the Assurance of Sustainability Reports.

Attestation:
Methodology
As part of its independent verification, Apex undertook the following activities:
1. Interviews with relevant personnel of Apple;
2. Review of documentary evidence produced by Apple;
3. Audit of performance data; Trevor Donaghu, Lead Verifier Scott Johnston, Technical Reviewer
4. Review of Apple’s systems for quantitative data aggregation. ESG Director, National Practice Lead ESG Principal Consultant
Apex Companies, LLC. Apex Companies, LLC.

Our work was conducted against Apex’s standard procedures and guidelines for external
Verification of Sustainability Reports, based on current best practice in independent assurance. January 30, 2024
Apex procedures are based on principles and methods described in the International Standard
on Assurance Engagements (ISAE) 3000 Revised, Assurance Engagements Other than Audits
or Reviews of Historical Financial Information (effective for assurance reports dated on or after
Dec. 15, 2015), issued by the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board and ISO
14064-3: Greenhouse gases -- Part 3: Specification with guidance for the validation and
verification of greenhouse gas statements.

Apex Companies, LLC Page 1 of 2 Apex Companies, LLC Page 2 of 2

Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 105

Appendix C

Packaging
fiber and
plastic
2023 Total Virgin Recycled
Plastic w/o
Review Statement adhesives
6,400 6,400 --
Corporate Packaging Fiber and Plastic Footprint

footprint
Fiber 247,900 89,500 158,400
[metric tons] [metric tons plastic] [metric tons plastic]

(Fraunhofer
All results and figures reviewed for fiscal year 2023 are plausible.
Fraunhofer IZM reviewed Apple’s corporate packaging fiber and plastic footprint data
related to corporate packaging fiber and plastic usage from products, retail and service
operations in fiscal year 2023. 2 Reviewed Data and Findings

Institute) 1 Summary
As part of this review Apple disclosed following data to Fraunhofer IZM:
 Calculation methodology for the corporate packaging fiber and plastic footprint
This review checks transparency of data and calculations, appropriateness of supporting
product and packaging related data and assumptions, and overall plausibility of the
 Sales data for FY2023, including accessories
calculated corporate annual packaging fiber and plastic footprint of Apple products  Selected product and supplier specific data on packaging materials and production
shipped in fiscal year 2023 and of retail and service operations in the same period. yields
As there is no standardised method available for calculating a packaging fiber and plastic  Aggregated packaging fiber and plastic data for all products and the total
footprint Apple defined a methodology for internal use. The scope of the fiber and plastic corporate packaging fiber and plastic footprint for the fiscal year 2023
packaging footprint includes Apple’s corporate packaging fiber and plastic usage from
products, retail operations and Apple care services. The packaging fiber and plastic The methodology paper provided by Apple (Packaging Plastic Footprint at Apple –
footprint tracks the total amount of plastic, virgin and recycled wood fibre, that Apple uses Methodology Description – V1.0 in 2018, Fiber Footprint at Apple - Methodology
in packaging. Apple obtains and analyses supplier-specific data for each product line and Description - V1.1 reviewed in 2017), is considered a sound and appropriate guidance for
sums up these figures for the entire company using sell-in numbers. For some products, a
determining the company packaging fiber and plastic. Where appropriate, this approach
representative supplier is chosen to calculate the product-specifc packaging. The output is a
total packaging fiber and plastic footprint. For labels, beats products and accessories, follows methodological principles applied for state-of-the-art Life Cycle Assessments.
individual sell-in numbers were only availabe for a share of products. These were This review comprises a check of packaging fiber and plastic data for selected products
extrapolated for the whole category. ESD packages (within Apple care) are excluded from
the packaging plastic footprint. (Apple watch, iPad, Mac).
Plausibility of some data has been questioned and discussed with Apple in detail. More
The review of the corporate annual packaging fiber and plastic footprint has considered the granular data for accessories is recommended in the future.
following criteria:
This review was done remotely. All questions raised in the course of the review were
 The system boundaries are clearly defined
answered by Apple and related explanation was provided where needed.
 Assumptions and estimations made are appropriate
 Use of supplier data is appropriate and methodologies used are adequately
disclosed
Data reported by Apple is as follows:

Corporate Packaging Fiber and Plastic Footprint

Review 1
Client: Apple Inc.

Corporate Packaging Fiber and Plastic Footprint

Review 2
Client: Apple Inc.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 106

Based on the process and procedures conducted, there is no evidence that the corporate
packaging fiber and plastic footprint is not materially correct and is not a fair
representation of fiber and plastic data and information.

Berlin, March 11, 2024

- Marina Proske - - Karsten Schischke -

Fraunhofer IZM Fraunhofer IZM
Dept. Environmental and Dept. Environmental and
Reliability Engineering Reliability Engineering

Corporate Packaging Fiber and Plastic Footprint

Review 3
Client: Apple Inc.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 107
A: Corporate facilities energy supplement
B: Apple’s life cycle assessment methodology
C: Assurance and review statements
D: Environment, Health and Safety Policy
E: ISO 14001 certification
Report notes
End notes

Appendix D
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 108

Appendix D

Environment, Health and Safety Policy

Mission Statement Guiding Principles Communicate EHS policies and programs to Apple
Apple Inc. is committed to protecting the Meet or exceed all applicable EHS requirements. employees and stakeholders, and verify suppliers
environment, health and safety (EHS) of our operate in accordance with Apple’s Supplier Code
employees, contractors, and customers in the design, Where laws and regulations do not provide adequate of Conduct. Supplier Responsibility resources
research, manufacture, distribution, and use of our controls, apply higher standards to protect human and Supplier Code of Conduct are available
products and services in global communities where health and the environment. at apple.com/supplier-responsibility.
we operate.
Design, manage, and operate our facilities safely; Strive to create products that are safe in their
We recognize that by integrating best EHS conserve energy, water, and resources; promote intended use and are manufactured in alignment
management practices into all aspects of our renewable energy, and protect biodiversity. with our strict environmental standards.
business, we can offer technologically innovative
products and services while conserving and Encourage contractors, vendors, and suppliers to Pursue continual improvement through the
enhancing resources for future generations. provide safe working conditions, treat workers with evaluation of our EHS performance by monitoring
dignity and respect, and act fairly and ethically. ongoing performance results through periodic
Apple strives for continuous improvement in our management reviews, and committing to correct
EHS management systems and in the environmental Support and promote best scientific principles, EHS nonconformities.
quality of our products, processes, and services. practices, and public policy initiatives that enhance
environmental quality, health and safety performance, Ensure that all employees are aware of their role
and ethical sourcing of materials. and responsibility to fulfill and sustain Apple’s EHS
management systems and policy by providing
training and tools in the user’s primary language.

February 2024
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 109
A: Corporate facilities energy supplement
B: Apple’s life cycle assessment methodology
C: Assurance and review statements
D: Environment, Health and Safety Policy
E: ISO 14001 certification
Report notes
End notes

Appendix E
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 110

Appendix E

ISO 14001
certification
Apple operates manufacturing facilities in Cork, Ireland. Certificate of Registration
We certify 100 percent of these facilities with ISO 14001.
CERTIFICATE of Environmental Management
NSAI has issued an IQNet recognised certificate that the organisation:
System to I.S. EN ISO 14001:2015
Apple Operations Europe
Hollyhill Industrial Estate
Hollyhill Apple Operations Europe
Cork Hollyhill Industrial Estate
Ireland Hollyhill
has implemented and maintains a Cork
Ireland
E n v i r o n me n ta l Ma na g e me n t S y s te m
for the following scope:
The management of all EMEA operational activities related to manufacturing, sales, NSAI certifies that the aforementioned company has been assessed and
delivery and after sales support for direct retail and channel customers. deemed to comply with the provisions of the standard referred to above in
respect of:-
which fulfils the requirements of the following standard:
The management of all EMEA operational activities related to manufacturing,
I.S. EN ISO 14001:2015 sales, delivery and after sales support for direct retail and channel customers
Issued on: 14 July 202 1
First issued on: 20 Mar ch 2001
Expires on: 10 July 202 4
This attestation is directly linked to the IQNet Partner’s original certificate and shall not be
used as a stand-alone document
Registration Number: IE-14.0202
Approved by:
Stewart Hickey
Head - Business Excellence, NSAI

Registration Number: 14.0202 This certificate remains valid on condition Partner of

Original Registration: 20 March 2001 that the Approved Environmental
Management System is maintained in an
Alex Stoichitoiu Stewart Hickey Last amended on: 14 July 2021 adequate and efficacious manner. NSAI is a
President of IQNet Head – Business Excellence, NSAI Valid from: 14 July 2021
Remains valid to: 10 July 2024
partner of IQNet – the international
certification network (www.iqnet-
certification.com)
IQNet Partners*:
AENOR Spain AFNOR Certification France APCER Portugal CCC Cyprus CISQ Italy CQC China CQM China CQS Czech
Republic Cro Cert Croatia DQS Holding GmbH Germany FCAV Brazil FONDONORMA Venezuela ICONTEC Colombia All valid certifications are listed on NSAI’s website – www.nsai.ie. The continued validity of this certificate
Inspecta Sertifiointi Oy Finland INTECO Costa Rica IRAM Argentina JQA Japan KFQ Korea MIRTEC Greece MSZT Hungary may be verified under “Certified Company Search”
Nemko AS Norway NSAI Ireland NYCE-SIGE México PCBC Poland Quality Austria Austria RR Russia SII Israel SIQ Slovenia
SIRIM QAS International Malaysia SQS Switzerland SRAC Romania TEST St Petersburg Russia TSE Turkey YUQS Serbia
IQNet is represented in the USA by: AFNOR Certification, CISQ, DQS Holding GmbH and NSAI Inc.
NSAI (National Standards Authority of Ireland), 1 Swift Square, Northwood, Santry, Dublin 9, Ireland T +353 1 807 3800 E: [email protected] www.nsai.ie
* The list of IQNet partners is valid at the time of issue of this certificate. Updated information is available under www.iqnet-
certification.com

CERT-067.14001: MMA IQNet NSAI 14001 2015 A4 (1) CERT-161 WM: 14001 2015 INAB (3)
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 111

Report notes
About this report by the supplier and cross-checked by Apple, or supplier reported, These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, any For more information
This report is published annually and focuses primarily on fiscal meaning it has been reported by the supplier based on production failure to meet stated environmental or sustainability targets, We believe that our responsibilities go beyond our stores and
year activities. This report addresses environmental impacts and and allocation values. In all cases, Apple defines recycled content in goals, and commitments, and execute our strategies in the time corporate offices: They extend to our supply chain, the communities
activities at Apple facilities (corporate offices, data centers, and alignment with ISO 14021. Product claims are made as of the launch frame expected or at all, global sociodemographic, political, and we’re a part of, and the planet we all share. Read Our Commitment
retail stores), as well as the life cycle impacts of our products, date of those individual products, and they are accurate as of economic trends, changing government regulations or policies, to Human Rights.
including in the manufacturing, transportation, use, and end- product launch. technological innovations, climate-related conditions and weather
of-life phases. To provide feedback on this report, please events, our ability to gather and verify data regarding environmental Apple’s Racial Equity and Justice Initiative aims to advance equity
contact [email protected]. Forward-looking statements impacts, the compliance of various third parties, including our and expand access to opportunities for Black, Hispanic/Latinx, and
The report is provided voluntarily, and does not cover all information suppliers with our policies and procedures, or their commitments Indigenous communities to help dismantle systemic barriers to
Reporting year about our business. References in this report to information should to us, and our expansion into new products, services, technologies, opportunity and combat injustices faced by communities of color.
We track our environmental progress based on Apple’s fiscal year. not be construed as a characterization regarding the materiality and geographic regions. More information on risks, uncertainties,
All references to a year throughout the report refer to Apple’s fiscal of such information to our financial results or for purposes of the and other potential factors that could affect our business and Read more about our work toward upholding high standards for
years, unless “calendar year” is specified. Apple’s fiscal year is the U.S. securities, or any other, laws or requirements. While certain performance is included in our filings with the U.S. Securities labor and human rights, health and safety, and environmental
52- or 53-week period that ends on the last Saturday of September. matters discussed in this report may be significant, any significance and Exchange Commission, including in the “Risk Factors” and stewardship across our global supply chain in our People and
should not be read as necessarily rising to the level of materiality “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Environment in Our Supply Chain 2024 Annual Progress Report.
Data assurance used for the purposes of complying with the U.S. federal securities, Results of Operations” sections of the company’s most recently
We obtain third-party verification for some of the information in or other, laws and regulations. The information covered by the filed periodic reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q and subsequent
this report from Apex Companies and the Fraunhofer Institute in report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning filings. Further, from time to time we engage in various initiatives
Germany (as denoted in Appendix C). Data in this report, including of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including (including voluntary disclosures, policies, and programs), but
data or verification from third parties, reflects estimates using statements regarding our environmental or sustainability goals or we cannot guarantee that these initiatives will have the desired
methodologies and assumptions believed to be reasonable and targets, commitments, and strategies and related business and effect. We assume no obligation, and expressly disclaim any duty
accurate. Those estimates, methodologies, and assumptions may stakeholder impacts. Forward-looking statements can be identified (including in response to new or changed information) to update
change in the future as a result of new information or subsequent by words such as “future,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” any forward-looking statements or information, which speak as of
developments, or they ultimately may prove to be inaccurate. “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “will,” “would,” “could,” their respective dates. Readers should not place undue reliance on
In addition, the bulk of Apple’s recycled content data is certified and “can,” “may,” “aim,” “strive,” and similar terms. These statements the forward-looking statements made in this report. Moreover, many
thus verified by a third party. Less than 5 percent of the total mass involve risks and uncertainties, and actual results may differ of the assumptions, standards, metrics, and measurements used
shipped in Apple products in fiscal year 2023 is recycled content materially from any future results expressed or implied by the in preparing this report continue to evolve, are sourced from third
data that is either supplier verified, meaning it has been reported forward-looking statements. parties, and are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable
at the time of preparation, but should not be considered guarantees.
Given the inherent uncertainty of the estimates, assumptions, and
timelines contained in this report, we may not be able to anticipate
whether, or the degree to which, we will be able to meet our plans,
targets, or goals in advance.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 112

End notes
Introduction Environmental Initiatives
1 Apple follows the GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and include industry-average recycled content, which may result in 13 In 2022, we expanded our packaging goal boundary to better reflect 17 Renewable electricity refers to fossil fuel–free sources of 29 Refer to footnote 21.
Reporting Standard (GHG Protocol) to calculate value chain underreporting actual recycled content. Total recycled material our impact, resulting in an increase of about 36 percent of our total energy from renewable sources, like wind, solar, and low-impact
30 Refer to footnote 22.
emissions. The GHG Protocol currently defines scope 1 emissions shipped in products is driven by product material composition packaging mass, relative to fiscal year 2021. We include retail bags, hydroelectricity projects. Clean electricity refers to both renewable
as direct greenhouse gas emissions that occur from sources that and total sales — as a result, this overall recycled or renewable all finished goods boxes (including plastic content in labels and electricity as well as other projects that Apple considers “low 31 Refer to footnote 23.
are owned or controlled by the company; scope 2 emissions as content percentage may fluctuate based on the number and type of in-box documentation), packaging sent to our customers as part of carbon” but not “renewable,” like nuclear and large-impact
32 Since publishing the “Material Impact Profiles” white paper, we’ve
the indirect greenhouse gas emissions from the generation of products sold each year. Apple Trade In, AppleCare packaging for whole units and service hydroelectricity projects. Apple currently only allows for clean
expanded our analysis to include biodiversity factors.
purchased electricity, steam, heat, and cooling consumed by the modules (with the exception of plastics needed to protect items electricity sources to address electricity for product use when part
5 All cobalt in the battery claims or references use mass balance
company; and scope 3 emissions as all “other indirect emissions” from electrostatic discharge), and secondary packaging of Apple of a residual grid factor, in markets where there is sufficient data to 33 To account for recycled aluminum, we use third-party certified
allocation.
that occur in the value chain of the reporting company, including products and accessories sold by Apple. Our goal boundary does ensure that the clean electricity is not already claimed. For Apple’s recycled aluminum data, as well as supplier-verified data, meaning it
both upstream and downstream emissions. Apple currently sets an 6 We plan to reach carbon neutrality beginning with our fiscal year not include the inks, coatings, or adhesives used in our packaging. corporate footprint, supply chain manufacturing, and the portion of has been reported by the supplier and cross-checked by Apple.
operational boundary for its emissions and excludes the following 2030 carbon footprint. In addition to our packaging footprint, we also calculate the fiber our product use impact that is not already clean electricity, Apple is
34 This statistic compares the carbon footprint of aluminum from
scope 3 categories, as defined by the GHG Protocol, which used at our corporate facilities. In fiscal year 2023, this number was investing in only new renewable electricity sources.
7 In addition to working toward transitioning our entire product recycled sources with primary aluminum smelted with electricity
collectively make up less than 10 percent of our 2015 base year 1,100 metric tons.
value chain to using 100 percent clean electricity by 2030, we’re 18 Refer to footnote 10. generated from coal.
scope 3 emissions currently: “capital goods” due to limited data
prioritizing energy efficiency and emissions reductions within 14 By 2030, we plan to replenish 100 percent of our corporate
availability, which limits our ability to influence these emissions, and 19 Refer to footnote 4. 35 Refer to footnote 21.
supplier facilities and operations. freshwater withdrawals in high-stress locations, as determined by
“waste generated in operations,” as these emissions are negligible.
a World Resources Institute (WRI) Aqueduct Baseline Water Stress 20 Refer to footnote 12. 36 Refer to footnote 22.
The following subset of greenhouse gas categories recognized 8 The Supplier Clean Energy Program has since been codified in the
Indicator and further refined through local context and analysis.
in the Kyoto Protocol are included: carbon dioxide (CO2), Supplier Code of Conduct, scaling the program to our entire direct 21 Apple’s commitment is to use 100 percent recycled cobalt, using 37 Including iPhone 15 Plus and iPhone 15 Pro models. Excludes trace
methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), manufacturing supply chain. 15 By the end of fiscal year 2025, we plan to have certified all Apple- mass balance allocation, in all Apple-designed batteries by 2025. amount of rare earth elements found outside of the magnets.
perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), Nitrogen owned data centers to the Alliance for Water Stewardship Standard. We calculate our use of recycled cobalt using mass balance
9 Refer to footnote 4. 38 Refer to footnote 23.
trifluoride (NF3). allocation at the end of each fiscal year.
16 By 2030, we plan to identify priority suppliers and drive their
10 By 2025, we plan to use 100 percent recycled cobalt in all Apple- 39 Refer to footnote 22.
2 Carbon reductions are calculated against a baseline scenario: 1) No enrollment in our Supplier Clean Water Program. Apple prioritizes 22 Apple’s commitment is to use 100 percent recycled tin soldering
designed batteries (using mass balance allocation), 100 percent
use of clean electricity for manufacturing or product use, beyond supplier facilities by overall basin stress indicator, on-site activity and gold plating in all Apple-designed rigid and flexible printed 40 Excludes trace amount of tungsten found outside of the Taptic
recycled tin soldering and 100 percent recycled gold plating in
what is already available on the grid (based on regional emissions type, and annual water volume usage. circuit boards by 2025. Engine and accounting for less than 0.1 percent of the total found in
all Apple-designed rigid and flexible printed circuit boards, and
factors). 2) Apple’s carbon intensity of key materials as of 2015 the device.
100 percent recycled rare earth elements in all magnets. We 23 Apple’s commitment is to use 100 percent recycled rare earth
(our baseline year for our 2030 product carbon neutrality goal).
calculate our use of recycled cobalt using mass balance allocation elements in all magnets by 2025. 41 Refer to footnote 5.
Carbon intensity of materials reflects use of recycled content and
at the end of each fiscal year.
production technology. 3) Apple’s average mix of transportation 24 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), “Summary 42 Refer to footnote 4.
modes (air, rail, ocean, ground) by product line across three 11 Refer to footnote 5. for Policymakers of IPCC Special Report on Global Warming
43 Testing was done under the condition of streaming 4K movies
years (fiscal years 2017 to 2019) to best capture the baseline of 1.5°C approved by governments,” press release, www.ipcc.
12 By 2025, we plan to remove plastic from packaging by transitioning played on Apple TV 4K (3rd generation) with the Siri Remote from
transportation emissions of our products. ch/2018/10/08/summary-for-policymakers-of-ipcc-special-report-
to 100 percent fiber-based packaging. Apple’s goal to remove the Apple TV app.
on-global-warming-of-1-5c-approved-by-governments.
3 As of product launch, 50 percent of all low-carbon watch plastic from packaging includes retail bags, all finished goods boxes
44 Based on sales-weighted averages of Mac, iPad, iPhone, Apple
products by weight are planned to be shipped via non-air modes (including plastic content in labels and in-box documentation), 25 Corporate emissions include scope 1 and 2 emissions from Apple
Watch, Apple TV, HomePod, AirPods, and Beats.
of transportation over the lifetime of the products from our final packaging sent to our customers as part of Apple Trade In, retail stores, corporate offices, Apple-owned and colocated data
assembly sites to their next destination — primarily regional AppleCare packaging for whole units and service modules (with centers, and Apple-produced digital content for Apple One services, 45 Eligible products are those in a product category for which
distribution hubs. the exception of plastics needed to protect items from electrostatic as well as scope 3 emissions associated with business travel, ENERGY STAR certification exists. For more information, visit
discharge), and secondary packaging of Apple products and employee commute, work from home, upstream impacts from www.energystar.gov. ENERGY STAR and the ENERGY STAR mark
4 Apple reports data about the recycled content of its products at
accessories sold by Apple. Our goal does not include the inks, scope 1 fuels, and use of third-party cloud services. are registered trademarks owned by the U.S. Environmental
different levels of fidelity, based on the level of independent data
coatings, or adhesives used in our packaging. We plan to remove Protection Agency.
verification. The bulk of Apple’s recycled content data is certified 26 Apple defines low-carbon materials as materials created using
plastic from the packaging of refurbished products by 2027, once
and thus verified by a third party. Less than 3 percent of the total production techniques with reduced carbon impact, such as 46 Apple lists eligible products sold in the United States and Canada
old product packaging designs are phased out. We will continue
mass shipped in Apple products in fiscal year 2023 contained Elysis (a patented technology that eliminates direct greenhouse on the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT)
selling existing inventory of AppleCare packaging for whole units
recycled content that is either supplier verified, meaning it has been gas emissions from the traditional aluminum smelting process) or Registry. Eligible products are those in a product category for which
and service modules that contain plastics for vintage and products
reported by the supplier and cross-checked by Apple, or supplier aluminum smelted using hydroelectricity instead of coal. EPEAT registration exists, including workstations, desktops, laptops,
at end of life until it is consumed. This change will enable us to avoid
reported, meaning it has been reported by the supplier based displays, mobile phones, and tablets. For more information, visit
waste generated by re-packaging goods in new 100 percent fiber- 27 Refer to footnote 5.
on production and allocation values. In all cases, Apple defines www.epeat.net.
based packaging.
recycled content in alignment with ISO 14021. We do not currently 28 Refer to footnote 4.
47 Refer to footnote 44.
Contents Introduction Environmental Initiatives Engagement and Advocacy Data Appendix 2024 Environmental Progress Report 113

Environmental Initiatives continued

48 Energy consumption and energy efficiency values are based on the 58 Our use of the term RECs covers renewable energy certificates and 67 Based on official global AppleCare out of warranty prices for a 80 Waste diversion rates do not include construction and demolition © 2024 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Apple and the Apple logo are
ENERGY STAR Program Requirements for Computers, including similar certifications around the world, such as Guarantees of Origin back glass repairs across for iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro as of waste or electronic waste for fiscal year 2023. Electronic waste is trademarks of Apple Inc. registered in the U.S.and other countries and
the max energy allowance for Mac mini. For more information, (GOs) in Europe, Large-Scale Generation Certificates (LGCs) in March 2024. accounted for in the total metric tons of electronic waste that we regions. Beats is a trademark of Beats Electronics, LLC., registered
visit www.energystar.gov. ENERGY STAR and the ENERGY STAR Australia, and Green Electricity Certificates (GECs) in China. sent to recycling, found on page 82. in the U.S. and other countries and regions. iOS is a trademark or
68 Estimated based on rock-to-metal ratios from USGS — a change
mark are registered trademarks owned by the U.S. Environmental registered trademark of Cisco in the U.S. and other countries and is
59 In 2023, suppliers relied predominantly on renewable energy from our previous report, which used ore-to-metal ratios — and on 81 These sites have been third-party verified by UL Solutions against
Protection Agency. For more information on the power consumption used under license. ENERGY STAR and the ENERGY STAR mark are
certificates (RECs) to meet their CEP commitments, as an interim recovery rates from iPhone main logic boards and flexes. the UL 2799 Zero Waste to Landfill Environmental Claim Validation
of Mac mini, read the Mac mini Product Environmental Report. registered trademarks owned by the U.S. Environmental Protection
solution to longer-term procurement options like power purchase Procedure (ECVP). UL Solutions requires at least 90 percent
69 Apple is willing to license five patents relating to Daisy and certain Agency. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be
49 Efficiency performance is based on the U.S. Department of Energy agreements (PPAs), which are becoming increasingly available diversion through methods other than waste-to-energy to achieve
other associated intellectual property on reasonable, royalty- trademarks of their respective companies.
Federal Energy Conservation Standards for Battery Chargers. Note across the globe. With the evolution of renewable procurement Zero Waste to Landfill (Silver: 90–94 percent, Gold: 95–99 percent,
free terms.
that ENERGY STAR does not certify smartphone devices. The options in China, suppliers have started transitioning to the and Platinum: 100 percent) designations.
energy efficiency values are based on the following conditions: expanded Green Energy Certificate (GEC) and Green Power Trading 70 We define facility water use as high stress if the area is located
82 Our Mesa and Prineville data centers are third-party certified as
mechanism, which are nationally recognized ways of procuring within or withdraws water from a basin that has high or extremely
• Power adapter, no load: Condition in which the Apple 20W Zero Waste by GBCI TRUE, receiving their certifications in 2021 and
renewable energy in China today. high baseline water stress based on the WRI Aqueduct Water Risk
USB-C Power Adapter with the USB-C to Lightning Cable (1 m) is 2020, respectively. TRUE requires 90 percent diversion or higher
Atlas V4.0 tool, and as refined by additional local knowledge and
connected to AC power but not connected to iPhone. 60 This value has been calculated and reviewed by a third party from the landfill without the use of waste-to-energy to achieve the
third-party research.
• Power adapter efficiency: Average of the Apple 20W USB-C according to the Tier 2c methodology of the 2019 Refinement to TRUE-certified project designation.
Power Adapter with the USB-C Charge Cable (1 m) measured the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 71 We calculate water discharge based on known evaporation
83 All established final assembly supplier sites — or those that have
efficiency when tested at 100 percent, 75 percent, 50 percent, based primarily on supplier reported data. from activities like cooling and irrigation. For sites where these
been Apple suppliers for more than one year — for iPhone, iPad,
and 25 percent of the power adapter’s rated output current. evaporative activities are not present, we estimate that water
61 Based on the methodology Apple uses to calculate transportation Mac, Apple Watch, AirPods, HomePod, Apple TV, and Beats have
withdrawn is returned to municipal systems. We estimate our margin
50 Refer to footnote 43. emissions, which is regularly reviewed by a third party, been third-party verified by UL Solutions against the UL 2799
of error to be approximately 10 percent, and we plan to continue to
Fraunhofer IZM. Zero Waste to Landfill Environmental Claim Validation Procedure
51 Refer to footnote 12. update our model with new sources of data.
(ECVP). UL Solutions requires at least 90 percent diversion through
62 Refer to footnote 3.
52 Breakdown of U.S. retail packaging by weight. Adhesives, inks, and 72 Based on previous estimated consumption. methods other than waste-to-energy to achieve Zero Waste to
coatings are excluded from our calculations of plastic content and 63 Rogelj, J., D. Shindell, K. Jiang, S. Fifita, P. Forster, V. Ginzburg, C. Landfill (Silver: 90–94 percent, Gold: 95–99 percent, and Platinum:
73 These savings do not include reduction in water use from facility
packaging weight. Handa, H. Kheshgi, S. Kobayashi, E. Kriegler, L. Mundaca, 100 percent) designations.
closures and reduced occupancy due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
R. Séférian, and M.V.Vilariño, 2018: “Mitigation Pathways
53 Refers to retail packaging. We consider those savings temporary, and we acknowledge that the 84 Refer to footnote 81.
Compatible with 1.5°C in the Context of Sustainable Development.”
water use was transferred to employees’ homes.
54 Our packaging design guidelines apply to retail packaging In: Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the
and shippers, and exclude plastic-based components, wraps, impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels 74 Refer to footnote 73.
and adhesives. and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the
75 These savings are based on data observed from pilot operations.
context of strengthening the global response to the threat
55 Based on expected equivalent fiber production from our forestry
of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to 76 We account for savings through this program on a fiscal-year basis,
projects and virgin fiber used for Apple product packaging. To
eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte, V., P. Zhai, H.-O. Pörtner, rather than a calendar-year basis as reported in publications before
determine the output of Apple’s projects, we work with our partners
D. Roberts, J. Skea, P.R. Shukla, A. Pirani, W. Moufouma-Okia, C. fiscal year 2021.
to understand the productive potential of these working forests.
Péan, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen,
The forest management plans required to achieve or maintain 77 Refer to footnote 15.
X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T.
certification limit harvest volumes to sustainable levels. We use
Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press. www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/ 78 By the end of fiscal year 2030, we plan to replenish 100 percent of
these potential harvest volumes to estimate the sustainable
sites/2/2019/02/SR15_Chapter2_Low_Res.pdf. our corporate freshwater withdrawals in high-stress locations, as
productive capacity of these forests. Responsible sourcing of fiber
determined by a WRI Aqueduct Baseline Water Stress Indicator, and
is defined in Apple’s Responsible Fiber Specification (PDF) 64 Based on device pricing on SellCell.com and some carriers/resellers
further refined through local context and analysis.
that accept trade-in devices as of March 2024.
56 In fiscal year 2023 we exceeded the requirements of criterion
79 Duncan McNicholl and Rob Hope, “Reducing uncertainty in
4.9.3.1 in IEEE 1680.1 by achieving 2.7 percent of energy savings 65 This applies specifically to our U.S.-based Apple Trade In program.
corporate water impact: The role of Results-Based Contracting
in Apple facilities that consumed more than 70 million kWh/yr
66 MIL-STD 810H is a certification for military equipment. Tested for drinking water supply,” (Oxford, UK: Uptime Global and Oxford
energy consumption.
categories include: Altitude, High Temperature, Low Temperature, University, 2024).
57 All efficiency measures are retired based on their effective useful Temperature Shock, Immersion, Freeze/Thaw, Shock, and Vibration.
lifetime as documented by the California Energy Commission.