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Ponetics

The document discusses the production of speech sounds, including the organs involved and classification of sounds. It describes the three stages of speech sound production as the psychological, physiological, and physical stages. It also provides charts classifying the consonants and vowels in English, including examples of each type of sound.

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Ibraheem Aribidesi
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24 views8 pages

Ponetics

The document discusses the production of speech sounds, including the organs involved and classification of sounds. It describes the three stages of speech sound production as the psychological, physiological, and physical stages. It also provides charts classifying the consonants and vowels in English, including examples of each type of sound.

Uploaded by

Ibraheem Aribidesi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GST101: SOUND

SPEECH WORK
PRODUCTION OF SPEECH SOUNDS
Speech is a continuous flow of sounds. The production of
speech sound starts from the brain and not the lungs. The
part of the brain that coordinates speech sends the message
to the other parts of the body used for speech production.
After this mental operation comes the physical production of
sounds. The speech sounds are going to be studied from the
articulatory point of view.
Thus, there are three stages in the production of speech
sounds:
1. The psychological stage which is the stage of conception
and it involves the brain
2. The physiological stage, also called the generation
stage. It is the stage at which the various organs of
speech are instructed by the brain to articulate a sound.
3. Physical stage is the stage of transmission. It is also the
stage of production and perception. At this stage, the
brain must have instructed the organs of speech which
will in turn articulate the sound and the sound will be
perceived by hearer(s).
Speech sounds are initiated by the expulsion of air from the
lungs. This is called the air stream mechanism. English sounds
are produced with an outward flow of air from the lungs. This
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is called the pulmonic egressive air stream. The voicing or
phonation of sounds occurs in the larynx.

ORGANS OF SPEECH PRODUCTION

Organs of speech production are:


1. The two lips: These are important in speech. They can
be pressed together (p, b), brought into contact with the
teeth (f, v) or rounded to produce the lip shape for
vowels. These sounds are called bilabial or labiodentals
2. The teeth (upper and lower): These are usually used to
produce sounds. When thwy come in contact with the
tongue, they produce dental sounds (ᶿ,ᶞ ); and when they
come in contact with the lips, they produce labiodentals
sounds.

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3. Alveolar ridge: Sounds from this place are called alveolar
sounds
4. Hard palate: sounds from this place are called palatal,
and sometimes palate-alveolar sounds
5. Soft palate: the sounds here are called the velar sound.
6. Tongue: This is a mobile articulator because it is free to
move. It can take different shapes during the production
of speech sounds. It can be divided into 5 parts: 1. Tip; 2.
Blade; 3. Front; 4. Centre; 5. Back.
7. The larynx: this houses the vocal cords
8. Glottis: this organ houses the vocal cords which are the
two elastic tissues involved in the production of voice in
sounds. The glottis can take different shape during
sound production. It can be creaky, voiceless or voiced.
9. Nose: the air from the lungs is released through the
nose in the production of nasal sounds.

CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH SOUNDS


There are two broad types of speech sounds: consonants and
vowels. Consonant sounds are the sounds produced with the
total blockage of the airstream at some point in the vocal
tract. There are 24 consonant sounds in English language and
they are not to be confused with the English alphabet. These
consonants are:
/p/- plate, purple, place, pin, clap, tadpole
/b/- badge, cab, born, baby, combine, burst

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/t/- tap, table, total, teeth, feet, walked, laughed
/d/- bagged, dog, dungeon, burden, boredom
/k/- kettle, kite, chasm, cake, campaign, create
/g/- gate, goat, giggle, gossip, bag
/Ө/- thought, strength, bath, cloth, breath
/ð/- bathe, clothe, breathe, the, therefore, other
/f/- fan, for, faith, baffle, stuff,
/v/- van, vest, veal, vocal, vacant, glove,
/s/- seize, cease, peace, piece, sing, son,
/z/-zest, crazy, zoo, please, size, boys
/ʃ/- chasse, machine, share, champagne, bush, pressure,
education
/ʒ/- occasion, measure, treasure, pleasure, confusion
/tʃ/- church, chain, chair, choice, clutch
/ʤ/- judge, joy, jay-walker, just,
/h/- house, hotel, hostel, hostile, hostess, hand, hole, head,
half, habit
/r/- river, run, race, rustic, eraser, dresser
/w/- wink, work, walk, waiter,
/j/- new, queue, cue, occupation, confusion

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/l/- long, pebble, light, gale, glory, ball
/m/- female, man, male, master, climb, comb, plumber,
bomb,
/n/- know, knife, night, naughty, tone, tarnish
/ ŋ/- bang, clang, bank, bangle, king, thank

CONSONANT CHART

THE VOWEL
There are 20 vowels in all and they are of two types,
namely: the monophthong and the diphthong.
Monophthongs have only one vowel sound throughout
the pronunciation while diphthongs have two sounds
in their pronunciation. There are 12 monophthongs
while there are 8 diphthongs.

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VOWEL CHART

/ɪ/- pit, village, hamlet


/iː/- see, beat
/ʊ/- good, wood, would, could, should, foot, put
/uː/- food, stooge, tooth,
/e/- egg, pet
/ə/- away, father
/ɜː/- birth, burn, word
/ʌ/- enough, cut, son,
/ɒ/- on, pot,
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/ɔː/- taut, caught, torn, thorn, born
/æ/- cat, mat, man
/ɑː/- father, park
The diphthongs
/ɪə/- here, hear, fear
/eɪ/- gate, eight, pray
/ʊə/- cure, pour, tour
/ɔɪ/- boy, moisture
/əʊ/- know, nose, no
/eə/- there, heir, air, fare, fair
/aɪ/- my, buy
/aʊ/- now, cow
Triphthongs
/aɪə/- fire, trial
/aʊə/- flour, sour
/ɔɪə/- buoyant,

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Class practice
What consonant/vowel sounds are in the following
underlined sounds?
Quay, knife, clear, mortgage, sour, chasm, education,
yes, join, river, towel

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