18.

(c) solid carbon dioxide Read the given passage carefully and give
the
19. (c) Low temperature, high pressure answer of the following questions.
Gases can be compressed under low temperature
and high pressure. Under these conditions, the Q1. Spreading of fragrance of a burning incense
particles of gases come closer and get liquefy stick in a room shows that:
20. (c) Evaporation, diffusion, expansion of gases a. particles of matter have spaces between them
21. (a) from the surface b. particles of matter attract each other.
22. (a) Increase in temperature of water
23. (d) evaporation
C. particles of matter are constantly moving.
d. None of the above
24. (a) Plasma
Q2. What happens when we add sugar to water?
25. (b) A-(i), B-(iv). c-(v). D-(i). E-(0)
26. (d) A-(iv). B-(ii). C-(V). D-(i). E-()
, a. Volume of water doubles.
27. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and b. Volume of water decreases.
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion c. Volume of water remains the same.
(A)
28. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and
d. None of the above
Q3. A stream of water cannot be cut by fingers
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of ASsertion Which property of matter does this observation
(A) show?
29. (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
30. (d) Liquids diffuse slowly as compared to gases. Tap water
31. (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
32. (c) Certain solids directly change to the gaseous
state upon heating
33. (6) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but
Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of a. Particles of matter attract each other.
Assertion (A). b. Particles of matter have spaces between
34. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and them.
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion C. Particles of matter are continuously moving
(A) d. None of the above
35. () The interparticle spaces
in the gaseous state are Q4. When we put some crystals of potassium
very large, so they can be decreased by applying
permanganate in a beaker containing water, we
pressure.
36. (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and observe that after sometime, the whole water
turns pink. This
Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion intermixing of particles
of two
different types of matter on their
(A) a. Brownian motion
own is called:

2 Case Study Based b. melting

C. sublimation
NQuestions d. diffusion
Case Study 1 Q5. Why is the rate of diffusion of liquids
Every matter is made up of tiny particles. These than that of solids?
higher
particles are so tiny that they can't be seen with a. In the
liquid state, particles are
naked eyes. as compared to solids.
tightly packed
The three characteristics shown b. In the liquid state, particles move freely as
by particles of
matter are as follows: compared to solids.
G) There are small voids between paticles in a C. In solid state, particles have least force of
matter. This
characteristic is the concept behind attraction between the particles.
the solubility of a substance in other substances. d. In solid state. particles cannot be compressed
(ii) Particles of matter show continuous random easily.
movements, that is they possess kinetic
energy. The spreading of ink in a beaker Answers
of glass, smell of agarbattis, etc. are few 1. (c) particles of matter are constantly moving8
2. (c) Volume of water remains the same.
illustrations that show the movement of
3. (a) Particles of matter attract each other.
particles of a substance.
4. (d) diffusion
(ii) The particles of matter attract each other with 5. (5) In the liquid state. particles move freely as
a force called interparticle force of attraction. compared to solids.
aseStudy2 lives 1. (a) iron rod
All the materials we see
in our daily are

can be classified into In iron rod (solid), there is maximum force of

made up of matter. Matter
solid, liquid and gas on the attraction between the particles.
different states such as
basis of intermolecular forces
and the arrangement 2. ()copper
Solid particles have least interparticle space
of particles. between them.
In a solid, particles are tightly packed
together and
have a definite 3. (d) Gas> Liquid >Solid
have very low kinetic energy. They Gas particles have the highest kinetic energy
shape and a certain volume. hence the randomness is highest in gas.
than in
In a liquid. particles are loosely packed The solid particles are very closely packed,.
a solid and are able to
flow around each other, hence the solids have least kinetic energy.
In the
giving the liquid an indefinite shape.
a gas,
deal of space between them
4. (b) Fluidity is maximum in the liquid state.
particles have a great maximum in gaseous state.
Fluidity is
and have energy. A gas has neither
high kinetic 5. (d) iv
definite shape nor volume.
Case Study 3
The word 'matter' refers to everything in the
universe that has mass and takes up space. States
of matter are generally described on the basis of
qualities that can be seen or felt. Four states of
Solid Liquid Gas matter can be found in daily life: solid, liquid,
plasma. Many other states, such as Bose-
Read the given passage carefully and give the gas and
Einstein condensate etc., are considered to occur
answer of the following questions.
Q1 The forces of attraction between the particles only in extreme conditions.
Matter that feels hard and maintains a fixed shape
of matter is maximum in:
is called a solid, matter that feels wet and maintains
a. iron rod b. kerosene oil
its volume but not its shape is called a liquid.
C.glycerine d. dry air
Q2. The substance with least interparticale space is: Matter that can change both shape and volume is
called a gas. Plasma has neither a definite volume
a. methanol b. acetic acid
nor a definite shape and consists of highly charged
C. copper d. oxygen
Q3. Which of the following indicates the relative particles with extremely high kinetic energy.
randomness of particles in the three states of Read the given passage carefully and give the
matter? answer of the following questions.
a. Solid> Liquid> Gas b. Liquid <Solid «Gas Q1 In which form, do the water molecules have
c. Liquid> Gas>Solid d. Gas > Liquid> Solid less kinetic energy?
04. Which of the following statements does not go lce
a
with the liquid state? b. Water
a. Particles are loosely packed in the liquid state. C. Steam
b. Fluidity is maximum in the liquid state. d. All of them have equal kinetic energy
C. Liquids cannot be compressed much. Q2. Which of the following describes the liquid
d. Liquids take up the shape of any container in phase?
which they are placed. a. It has a definite shape and a definite volume.
Q5. The description of the particles of four b. It has a definite shape but not definite volume.
Substances i, ii, ii and iv is shown in the table c. It has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
given below. Which is a gas? d. It has neither a definite shape nor a definite
volume.
Force of attraction Arrangement Position of
Which one of the following statements is wrong
between
-particles| particles particles
of Q3.
) |Strong for gases?
Fixed Closely a. Gases do not have a definite shape and
packed volume.
(i) Strong8 Not fixed Close b. Volume of the gas is equal to the volume
of
together the container confining the gas.
Gi) Weak Fixed Far apart C. Confined gas exerts uniform pressure on the
walls of container in all directions.
w) Weak Not fixed Far apart d. Mass of the gas cannot be determined by
a. i b. ii C.i i d. iv weighinga container in which it is enclosed.
 Q4. 'Gases are easily compressed but liquids cannot 04. In this experiment, the ice melts
be compressed. What can be inferred from this
because itt
particles:
statement? a. change their size
a. The forces of attraction between gas particles b. gain heat energy and escape
are stronger than that between liquid
particles. C. gain heat energy and become closer
b. The gas d. gain heat energy and move away from their
particles are spaced further apart
than liquid particles. fixed positions

The gas Q5. Where does the heat energy go when the
c. particles have less energy than liquid
temperature does not rise?
particles.
a. It makes the molecular motion of the
d. The gas particles move more rapidly than liquid
faster.
liquid particles. b. It raises the temperature of the beaker only.
Q5. Which of the following state is responsible for c. It is utilised for bringing out the complete
the glow in the Sun and stars? change of state.
a. Solid b. Liquid d. It slows down the molecular motion.
C. Gas d. Plasma
Answers
Answers 1. (d) Fusion
1. (a) lce The process of change of solid state into liquid
Ice (solid) has less kinetic energy as compared to state is known as fusion.
water (liquid) and steam (gas). 2. () Melting point
2. (c) It has a definite volume but not a definite shape. The minimum temperature at which a solid melts
3. (d) Mass of the gas cannot be determined by weighing to become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure
a container in which it is enclosed. is called its melting point.
The mass of a gas can be determined by 3. (6) latent heat
weighing 4. (d) gain heat energy and move away from their fixed
the empty container first, then filling it with
gas
and again weighing the container filled with gas. positions
The difference of two readings gives the mass of 5. (c) It is utilised for
bringing out the complete change
gas.
4. (b) The gas particles are spaced further apart than of state.
liquid particles. The heat energy is used up in changing the state
The large space between the particles of gas allow of the solid substance by overcoming the force
the gas to be easily compressed when pressure is of attraction between its particles so that
they
applied. become somewhat loose and form liquid water.
5. (d) Plasma
Case Study 5
The Sun and the stars glow because of the
We know that particles of matter are
presence of plasma in them. always
moving and are never at rest. At a given
Case Study 4 temperature in any gas, liquid or solid, there are
In an experimental activity, crushed ice was taken particles with different amounts of kinetic energy.
in a beaker. A thermometer is fitted in such a way In the case of liquids, a small fraction of
the
particles
that its bulb was thoroughly surrounded by ice. at surface, having higher kinetic energy, is
The beaker is now slowly heated and temperature able to break away from the forces of attraction
of other particles and gets converted into
was noted. Temperature rises gradually
regularly This phenomenon of change of a vapour.
as the heating is continued and becomes constant liquid into
vapours at any temperature below its boiling point
when ice starts changing into liquid. is called evaporation.
Read the given passage carefully and give the The rate of evaporation increases with an increase
answer of the following in surface area of the liquid, . . .******* . the
questions.
temperature of the liquid and ...
Q1. What name is associated with conversion ofice
Wind

into water? speed. The rate of evaporation decreases with an

a. Evaporation b. Sublimation
increase in humidity.
c. Freezing d. Fusion Read the given passage carefully and give the
Q2. What specific name is given to the constant answer of the following questions.
temperature? Q1. Which of the following statements about
a. Latent heat of fusion b. Boiling point evaporation is incorrect?
c. Melting point d. Condensation point () It is a bulk phenomena.
Q3. The heat added to the system at constant (ii) It is a fast process.
temperature is called: (il) t takes place at all temperatures.
a. specific heat b. latent heat a. (i) and (ii) b.(6i) and (i)
C. residual heat d. None of these
c.()and (i) d. (). (i) and (i)
 2. Evaporation is directly proportional to: Applying pressure and reducing temperature can
(i) humidity (i) surface area liquefy gases. Solid carbon dioxide gets converted
(ii) temperature (iv) wind speed
directly to gaseous state on decrease of pressure to
a. ) and (iv) b. (i) and (ii) I atmosphere.
c.(ii) and (v) d. (i). (i) and (iv)
Q3. The evaporation of a liquid can be best carried Read the given passage carefully and give the
out in a: answer of the following questions.
a. beaker b. china dish Q1. What is meant by the word 'latent' in latent heat?
C. test tube d. flask Name the two types of latent heat.
4. Evaporation of a liquid can take place:
Q2. Give the temperature at which water exists in two
a. at its boiling point
different states.
b. below its boiling point
Q3. What is the relation between pressure in
C. above its boiling point
atmosphere and pressure in pascal.
d. at fixed temperature
Q5. Which of the following does not involve Q4. A glass tumbler containing hot water is kept in the
evaporation? freezer compartment of a refrigerator (temperature
a. During summer, we perspire more. <0°C). If you could measure the temperature of
the contents of the tumbler, which of the following
b. Sprinkling water on the roof in a hot sunny
day. graphs would correctly represent the change in its
C. Spreading of virus on sneezing. temperature as a function of time.
d. Water kept in an earthen pot becomes cool
during summer.

Answers
1. (b) 6) and (i) 0°C 0°C
Evaporation is a surface phenomenon and is a
Time (min) Time (min)
slow process.
(a) (6)
2. (d) (i). (ii) and (iv)
Rate of evaporation increases with increase in
surface area, temperature and wind speed.
3. (b) china dish
China dish has the maximum surface area
available for evaporation. 0°C 0°C
4. (b) below its boiling point
Evaporation is conversion of a liquid into vapours Time (min) Time (min)

below its boiling point. (c) (d)

5. (c) Spreading of virus on sneezing Q5. Based on the data represented in the graph below,
Case Study 6 which region shows latent heat of vaporisation?

Changes of state are physical changes in matter.

They are reversible changes that do not involve 100
E
Changes in matter's chemical properties. We can

change the physical state of matter in two ways:

) by changing temperature (heating or cooling)

r(11) by changing pressure (increasing or

decreasing).
Latent heat is the heat energy which has to supplied
to change the state of a substance. Latent heat does
10A
Ot ncrease the temperature of a substance. It can
De of fusion or of vaporisation. Time (min)

Liquid
AnswersF
1. The word latent means hidden.

vovPyIS alion Types: ) Latent heat of fusion

ato (i) Latent heat of vaporisation.
state.
Solld Sublimation Gas
2. () At 0°C, water can be in solid or in liquid
state.
Deposition (i) At100°C, water can be in liquid or in gaseous
 3. 1atmosphere = 1.01 x 105 Pascal. Answers
4. Because temperature of hot water decreases to 0°C cause.
1. Basis of difference type
and remains constant due to latent heat of fusion -

Basis of Evaporation Boiling

and then decreases further. So, graph (c) would
Differences
correctly represent the change in its temperature as
a function of time. It is a surface It is a bulk
Type
5. DE is the region that shows latent heat of phenomenon. phenomenon.
vaporisation.
Cause It causes cooling It does not
Case Study 7 cause cooling

The phenomenon of change of a liquid into vapours 2. In evaporation, the particles on the surface get
at any given temperature below its boiling point is called surface
is called evaporation. Evaporation is different evaporated first. thereforeit
phenomenon.
from boiling as is
bulk phenomenon
boiling a
3. Evaporation
i.e., particles from the whole of the liquid change
4. Greater the surface area and more the wind speed
into vapour state whereas evaporation is a surface
phenomenon i.e., only the particles from the higher will be the rate of evaporation. So, the rate of

evaporation will be highest in the

vesselC.
surface gain enough energy to overcome the forces
of attraction present in the liquid and change into 5. Lesser is the humidity in air, more is the rate of
vapour state. evaporation.
Evaporation Boiling Case Study 8
100mL of water was placed in four vessels A,
B, C, D. Vessel C, A and D are of same size, B
is smaller. Vessel C is covered and C and D are
placed under the fan.

The process of evaporation uses the energy of

the liquid particles. This results in cooling of B D
the surrounding area. The rate of evaporation
Placed under fan
depends upon the surface area exposed to the
Read the given passage carefully and give the
atmosphere, the temperature, the humidity and answer of the following questions.
the wind speed.
Q1. In how many beakers, water will escape into
Read the given passage carefully and give the
atmosphere as vapours?
answer of the following questions.
Q2. What name is given to the process of escaping of
Q1L. Differentiate between evaporation and boiling.
water from liquid to vapour state?
Give any two differences.
Q3. After one hourfrom the beginning ofthe experiment
Q2. Evaporation is known as surface phenomenon.
the water level will fall to the maximum in which
Why?
evaporation or boiling is a slow beaker?
Q 3. Which one among
process? Q4. What happens in beaker C?
Q4. Based on the figure given below, suggest in which
of the vessels A, B, C or D, the rate of evaporation
be the highest?
Answers
1. In A. B and D. water will escape into atmosphere as

Moving Fan vapours.

2. Evaporation
3. D. because it is placed under fan and has large
LUUL surface area.
4. Evaporation will not takes place and water leve
Q5. What is the effect of humidity on rate ofevaporation? remains the same.