88/01L 'V'S'N Ul paluld 922226 'ON 1HVd dH

8861 Ajjouuoq sawer o ybuAdon

SONIW U.:;wx
SEEEEE
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 PLOT AND SOLVE EXAMPLE
Step Type Press Comments
'X*2-3*X-3’ Il [PLOT)STEQE Establish the current equation
'PPAR’ Il [PURGE] Purge existing plot parameters
NOTUOLOMNOOD

(-3.5,-6) ZPMIN= Set lower-left plot coordinates

(6.5,16) =PMAXZ SDRAWZ= Set upper-right coordinates and draw graph
>1[<KI[AIV] Move the cursor to digitize the left root
22l Put the cursor coordinates on the stack
>I<EIAIV] Digitize the right root the same way
Restore the stack display
Activate the SOLVE menu
10 Activate the Solver variables menu
7
wn x
i ‘i

>

i
-
o

11 Enter the digitized guess for the right root

i

12 Solve for the right root 1= 3.79128784747

N
b
i

13 Exchange levels 1 and 2

n
=
<

14 Enter the digitized guess for the left root

1
x
i

15 Solve for the left root t== -.791287847477

 DIFFERENTIATION EXAMPLE
Continuing from the previous example, find the minimum of the curve by differentiating and solving for the root.
Step Type Press Comments
16 M [PLOT] ZRCEQZ= [ENTER] Recall two copies of the equation to the stack
17 [PURGE] Formalize X for a symbolic solution
)X!

18 [ENTER] [l [d/dx] Differentiate with respect to X 1= '2*X-3’

lx!

19 ESTEQ:= Establish the new current equation for plotting

20 =DRAWE Plot the new function
21 [>I<CIAIV] Digitize the left side of root
g
22 I<KIRAIV] INS Digitize the right side of root
23 ATTN Restore the stack display
24 Ml [LIST]E-LIST= Combine the two digitized points into a list
25 [SOLV]=SOLVR= Activate the Solver variables menu
26 SXE Enter the two gueses for the root into X
27 MEXE Solve for the root == X=1.5
28 Il [SWAP] Move the original equation back to level 1
29 EVAL Evaluate to find the minimum = -5.25
 INTEGRATION EXAMPLES
Symbolic Integration
'X"3+4*X+8 Integrand
Variable of integration
JX’

3 Degree of polynomial
W
'8*X+2*X"2+.25*X"4’ Integrated expression

Numerical Integration

'X"3+4*X+8’ Integrand
™A~

{X13} Variable, lower limit, upper limit

.00001 Accuracy factor
W]
52 Computed value of integral
5.1992166102E-4 Error value
 UNIT EXAMPLES
Simple Units
80 Quantity of unit identified in level 2
°oF’ "From" unit
&

°C’ "To" unit

Il [CONVERT] =
26.6666666667 Result quantity
oC Result units
>~—

Compound Units
1 Quantity of unit identified in level 2
"b*Mpc/s" Barn-megaparsecs per second
"gal/h" Gallons per hour
Il [CONVERT] =
2.93453978138
"gal/h" Gallons per hour
 UNIT PREFIXES
HP-28 Symbol Prefix Number Name
E exa +18 quintillion
P peta +15 quadrillion
T tera +12 trillion
G giga +9 billion
M mega +6 million
k,K kilo +3 thousand
h,H hecto +2 hundred
D deka +1 ten
d deci -1 tenth
c centi -2 hundredth
m milli -3 thousandth
P micro -6 millionth
n nano -9 billionth
p pico -12 trillionth
f femto -15 quadrillionth
a atto -18 quintillionth

RESERVED NAMES
Name Description
EQ Current equation for root-finding and plotting
PPAR Plot parameters
der... User-defined derivatives begin with der
n1, n2, ... Arbitrary integers created by ISOL
s1, s2, ... Arbitrary signs created by ISOL and QUAD
2DAT Current statistical array
2PAR Statistics parameters
 TRUTH TABLE
argi argq argq NOT

arg arg, AND OR XOR arg,

arg» argo arg»

1 1 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1
"s¢" "sy" "s3" "S4" "S5" "Sg"

NOTE: String arguments must have the same length.

KEY STRINGS
Key String Key String
[(A] "UpP" "INS"
V] "DOWN" "DEL"
(] "LEFT" "
[>] "RIGHT" 6> "CURSOR"
"BACK" SPACE "
N H "SHIFT"
=
KEY returns either a 0 flag to level 1 or a 1 flag to level 1 and a
string representing the oldest key in the buffer to level 2. Keys
not listed here return their keyboard nomenclature.
 SYSTEM
OPERATIONS
Name Keystrokes
Attention
Print Display (28S only)
Contrast Control or [ON][-]
System Halt [ONI[A]
Memory Reset [ON][INS][>]
Repeating Test [ON][T]
Keyboard Test (28S only)
Cancel System Operation

INTERACTIVE
PLOT MODE
Key Action
[INS] Return cursor coordinates to stack.
DEL Return cursor coordinates to stack (28C).
DEL Return LCD- string to stack (28S).
[)[=] Move the cursor. (Press the shift
(AlV] key first to move to the edge.)
o] Display cursor coordinates (28S only).
Print the display (28S only).
End interactive plot mode.
 SYSEVAL ENTRIES
Description 28C 28C 28S
1BB 1CC 2BB

ROM version A A A
Clock 123E 1266 11CA
Command stack off F3B8 F3CE
Command stack on F39A F3BO
LAST off F3F4 F40A
LAST on F3D6 F3EC
UNDO off F44E F464
UNDO on F412 F428
Multi-line display off F4B2 F4C8
Multi-line display on F48F F4A5
Command stack toggle 21E02
LAST toggle 21E2F
UNDO toggle 21E5C
Multi-line display toggle 21EA7

HP-28S MENUS
n Standard Menu n Standard Menu
1 ARRAY 13 PRGM CONTRL
2 BINARY 14 PRGM BRANCH
3 COMPLEX 15 PRGM TEST
4 STRING 16 MODE
5 LIST 17 LOGS
6 REAL 18 PLOT
7 STACK 19 CUSTOM
8 STORE 20 Cursor
9 MEMORY 21 TRIG
10 ALGEBRA 22 SOLVE
11 STAT 23 USER
12 PRINT 24 Solver

9
 OBJECT OPERATOR
TYPES PRECEDENCE
Type Object Level Operation
Real number Expressions within parentheses

~ NM<T OO
or-ranmgtwONOO2

Complex number Functions

Power (%) and root (V')
10

String
Real vector or matrix Negate (), multiply (*), divide (/)
Complex vector or matrix Add (+) and subtract (-)
List Relational operators
Global name ==, #,<,>, =, =)
Local name AND and NOT

N~ OO
Program OR and XOR
Algebraic
Binary integer
 PRINTER COLUMN GRAPHICS
CONTROL Dot Value Example

~ AN <t OOAN YT
Control
Printer Mode
Codes*

Carriage right 4
11

Carriage return/LF 10
Column graphics 27 n Cy..C,T
6
Underline off: 27 250
128 o ° ® ® o o ° o
Underline on 27 251
Single wide printf 27 252 255 197 171 149 169 213 163 255
Double wide print 27 253 285 LCD: <<255 197 171 149 169 213 163 255 "" 1 8 START
Self-test 27 254 SWAP CHR SWAP + NEXT CLLCD -LCD >
Reset 27 255 PRINTER: <<27 8 255 197 171 149 169 213 163 255 "" 1 10
*Decimal value 1 1=n=<166 tDefault mode START SWAP CHR SWAP + NEXT PR1 > [
 PPAR AND >2PAR PARAMETERS
PPAR = { (Xmin, ¥min) (Xmax: Ymax) indep-var resolution (Xaxs,
Yaxs) }
Parameter Affected By Commands Description

(Xmin» Ymin) PMIN CENTR *H *W SCLY Lower-left pixel coordinates

(Xmax> Ymax) PMAX CENTR *H *W SCLX Upper-right pixel coordinates
indep-var INDEP Global name for horizontal axis
resolution RES Real positive integer for point spacing
12

(Xaxis, Waxis) AXES Axes intersection coordinates

SPAR = { col, col, intercept slope }
Parameter Affected By Command Description
coly COLZ Independent data column
col, CoLZ Dependent data column
intercept LR Intercept of most recent LR calculation
slope LR Slope of most recent LR calculation
 2 DAT STATISTICS MATRIX
X r7 Append one data point with one coordinate value

i
N
i
+
[ X114 Xi2 oo Xim ] 7 Append one data point with m coordinate values

i
N
1
+
[[ X2t Xop oo Xom ]
1
> 7 Append n data points with m coordinate values
i
+
13

[ Xt Xn2 - Xam 1]
S-= 17 Reverses the effect of the last==+ =

Coordinate Number
Data Point
>
 vl

[ee
I ST STtTTeRN[ ST) SRNl4]

o P o P fo e P o OO
=~JITN P S OO0 =N e QOO

W | e W et=3 S R =

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L0 =J P eSP s S D D =J T N s

O TR T Ae OGO TTR

et fromete [k e frovete frreahe ook e o e frenche et

et e S0 501 CS SNS SRD SOSe0LD 0D
s L5008L0 Q0oJ AL0 o LPe DN0T

D0 R e TN D ST I

Froeets froscbe b fooccds ookl e froade frrmebs foracte frovebe frovic franate oosebe foneabe froects freende
o Fa B 0O D L L I OI
AP SO0 QO =JTR B LPe (S0 000

Tt bR WG WhAi )
o oot et frte ot oo [ ke oo ooe ke et e ooot
od =g = g ==SN TP T T T T
N D P= S0L0D0JOT T o 0 Pe 50

HS e & 5 r 0 s [T TR [TXTB

TATPP TTPt bt bt et b oot oeste ot e

SO0 (SS SS (S O D DSS LD
=SSO F DO P e SVOO =J P T e 0
S3d0O "H310VHVHO

o G oD o OS a0e e e D =0 T LR

FATATAT TTTTITPO TP
CO QIO LQDITIM
OO0 JT AP QO - S L0000 =J T N

T = T R D R TR e Tk e e Qg 1% TR T
YHD WAN|YHD WAN|YHD WAN|YHD WAN|YHD WAN|YHD HWAN|[YHD WAN|YHD KWAN
 Al s DETAT | ATMAAO] A
NUM CHR|NUM CHR [NUM CHR|NUM CHR|NUM CHR|NUM CHR|NUM CHR|NUM CHR

00 < UL PZOTD = O T - U
<t =<t et <+ w o <=t =t UILTIUTLILTILT
Tg0Tg S TTg TTg STJ a0a0 )
all et 0e aT B, 3 e ee 0el
COE et O OV e U O P 20T 0 00
1000 17500 et el et el ol ek o gt e vt (0 00J 070 0]
LSOTg SgtSS Sl0 SD OT)
IoZeeTe Cn e O eDIe Tl e
AL ooTO et £T o L O e 0TY et
P PPP 220200 S0SR QN QO S0 SO0 D0 TN T
roed o]s] e o spree] sy o] e oo e o] e o] o]
NOTE 148 & 160 were blank on early printers,

e S ] —um ey R o2 O
=t U Ol QOS et DJ T g LT Oe 00T
=t =t <t wt = U UL UDUILILTL U
et e e e et e e e e eel e e el
CLEF L Wi20 2 30000 TN Bt& 3
S0 st UM 0T Ge O O U L e
et ek e et e et et e) TOSSO0
gene] opeeeef opeeeef sqreee] reeof o] spoef speee] e e o]y o] peeed peed ]
T OO e 20 2 TR DT Do Tet o 1] I
I O L L e D0 TP D v O O U™
2S00 S OS T PP T
Tt0T L= 20T e mesget | o
O S e T00w U O e DO CT 0110
<t UL LTIUUILUD ULDLLoO
L P 0NS eT o 10L0 e 15Tet
el e et e 0 7J TST S OOT
ERRORS BY NUMBER
Hex | Decimal | Message
General Operation Errors
001 001 Insufficient Memory
003 003 Undefined Local Name
005 005 Memory Lost
006 006 Power Lost (28S)
101 257 No Room for UNDO
102 258 Can’t Edit CHR(0)
103 259 Improper User Function
104 260 No Current Equation
105 261 No Room to ENTER
106 262 Syntax Error
11E 286 Invalid PPAR
11F 287 Non-real Result
120 288 Unable to Isolate
121 289 HALT Not Allowed
124 292 UNDO Disabled
125 293 Command Stack Disabled
128 296 Wrong Argument Count
129 297 Circular Reference
12A 298 Directory Not Allowed (28S)
12B 299 Non-Empty Directory (28S)

16
ERRORS BY NUMBER
Hex | Decimal | Message
Stack Operation Errors
201 513 Too Few Arguments
202 514 Bad Argument Type
203 515 Bad Argument Value
204 516 Undefined Name
205 517 LAST Disabled
Real Number Errors
301 769 Positive Underflow
302 770 Negative Underflow
303 771 Overflow
304 772 Undefined Result
305 773 Infinite Result
Array Operation Errors
501 | 1281 Invalid Dimension
Statistics Operation Errors
601 1537 Invalid 2DAT
602 1538 Nonexistent ZDAT
603 1539 Insufficient 2~ Data
604 1540 Invalid 2PAR
Root-finder Errors
AO01 2561 Bad Guess(es)
A02 2562 Constant?
Unit Conversion Errors
BO1 2817 Invalid Unit String
B02 2818 Inconsistent Units

17
ERRORS BY MESSAGE.
Message Hex Decimal
Bad Argument Type 202 514
Bad Argument Value 203 515
Bad Guess(es) A01 2561
Can't Edit CHR(0) 102 258
Circular Reference 129 297
Command Stack Disabled 125 293
Constant? A02 2562
Constant Equation Status
Directory Not Allowed (28S) 12A | 298
Extremum Status
HALT Not Allowed 121 289
Improper User Function 103 259
Inconsistent Units B02 2818
Infinite Result 305 773
Insufficient Memory 001 001
Insufficient =~ Data 603 1539
Interrupted Status
Invalid Dimension 501 1281
Invalid PPAR 11E 286
Invalid Unit String BO1 2817
Invalid ZDAT 601 1537
Invalid 2PAR 604 1540
LAST Disabled 205 517
Low Memory! Status
Memory Lost 005 005
ERRORS BY MESSAGE
Message Hex Decimal
Negative Underflow 302 770
No Current Equation 104 260
Nonexistent ZDAT 602 1538
Non-Empty Directory (28S) 12B 299
Non-real Result 11F 287
No Room for UNDO 101 257
No Room to ENTER 105 261
No Room to Show Stack Status
name Not in Equation Status
Out of Memory
Overflow 303 771
Positive Underflow 301 769
Power Lost (28S) 006 006
Sign Reversal Status
Syntax Error 106 262
Too Few Arguments 201 513
Unable to Isolate 120 288
Undefined Local Name 003 003
Undefined Name 204 516
Undefined Result 304 772
UNDO Disabled 124 292
Using name Status
Wrong Argument Count 128 | 296
Zero lStatus

19
 FLAGS
Flag Description Set Clear Default
1-30 User flags Clear
31 LAST arguments mode LAST arguments on LAST arguments off On
32 Printer trace mode Printer trace on Printer trace off Off
33 Auto CR mode Auto CR off Auto CR on On
34 Solution mode Principal value General solution Gen soln
35 Constants mode Symbolic Numerical Symbolic
20

36 Results mode Symbolic Numerical Symbolic

37-42 Binary integer wordsize n+1: 0=n=<#63, flag 42 is most significant bit 64
43,44 Binary Integer Base 43 44 DEC
DEC Clear Clear
BIN Clear Set
OCT Set Clear
HEX Set Set
45 Multi-line display On Off On
46 Index wrap indicator Wrap occurred No wrap occurred No wrap
 Flag Description Set Clear Default
47 Double-space print On Off Off
48 Radix mark 'MOD(X.Y)’ 1234,56 'MOD(X,Y)’ 1234.56 1234.56
49,50 Number Format 49 50 STD
STD Clear Clear
SCI Clear Set
FIX Set Clear
ENG Set Set
51 Beeper mode Off On On
52 Print speed Faster (AC) Normal (Battery) Normal
21

53-56 Number of decimal digits n: 0=n=11, flag 56 is most significant bit 0

57 Underflow action Error Return 0, set 61 or 62 Clear
58 Overflow action Error Return + MAXR, set 63 Clear
59 Infinite result action Error Return + MAXR, set 64 Error
60 Angle mode Radians Degrees Degrees
61 Underflow - indicator Exception No Exception Clear
62 Underflow + indicator Exception No Exception Clear
63 Overflow indicator Exception No Exception Clear
64 Infinite result indicator Exception No Exception Clear
 MEMORY USAGE
Object/Structure Size (bytes)
Real integers -9to +9 2.5
w, e, i, MINR, MAXR 2.5
Real number 10.5
Complex number 18.5
Binary integer 13
Object in variable 4.5 + 1 byte per character
of name + object size
String 5 + number of characters
Real vector 12.5 + 8 X no. of elements
Complex vector 12.5 + 16 X no. of elements
Real matrix 15.5 + 8 X no. of elements
Complex matrix 15.5 + 16 X no. of elements
List, algebraic 5 + included objects
Unquoted name 3.5 + number of characters
Quoted name 8.5 + number of characters
Command 25
Program 12.5 + included objects
IF ... THEN ... END 17.5
IFERR ... THEN .. END 17.5
IF .. THEN
... ELSE ... END 25
IFERR ... THEN
... ELSE ... END 25
DO ... UNTIL ... END 7.5
WHILE ... REPEAT ... END 12.5
START/FOR ... NEXT/STEP 5
7.5
7.5

22
 COMMAND REFERENCE
Term Description Term Description

obj Any object "string" Character string

X ory Real number [array] Real or complex vector
Real or complex humber or matrix
m or n Positive integer real number [vector] Real or complex vector
hms Real number in hours-minutes-seconds [matrix] Real or complex matrix
format {list} List of objects
23

flag Real number, 0 (false) or non-zero (true) index Real number specifying an
(xy) Complex number in rectangular form element in a list or array
) Complex number in polar form {dim} List of 1 or 2 array dimensions
#n Binary integer ’name’ Global name or local name
’symb’ Expression, equation, or name treated ’global’ Global name
as an algebraic
EXAMPLE
Name Description Level 2 Level 1 = Level 2 Level 1
SWAP Swaps the objects in levels 1 and 2 Ob_] 1 Ob_l2 Ob] 2 Ob] 1
 Name Description In = QOut
ABORT Aborts program execution
ABS Absolute value |z|

N
ACOS Arc cosine acos z

N
ACOSH Inverse hyperbolic cosine acosh z

N
ALOG Antilogarithm 10*

N
AND Logical or binary AND #n1 #Il2 #Il3
ARG Argument z 0
ARRY- Separate array into individual elements [vector] X;... Xy {n}
[matrix] X11..+ Xom {n m}
24

ASIN Arc sine asin z

ASINH Inverse hyperbolic sine asinh z
ASR Arithmetic shift right #n2

ATAN Arc tangent atan z

ATANH Inverse hyperbolic tangent atanh z
AXES Sets intersection of axes
BEEP Sounds a beep
BIN Sets binary base
Binary-to-real conversion
CEIL Next greater integer
 Name Description In = Out
CENTR Sets center of plot display (xy)
CF Clears a userflag
CHR Makes a one-character string "string"
CLEAR Clears the stack
CLLCD Clears the display
CLMF Clears the system message flag
CLUSR Clears all user variables
CLZ Purges the statistics matrix
CNRM Computes a column norm
25

[array] column-norm
COLCT Collects like terms ’Symbl’
’symb,’
COL> Selects statistics matrix columns n; m
COMB Combinations (28S) n m Com
CON Creates a constant matrix {dim} =z [array]
CONJ Complex conjugate [array] [array]
CONVERT Performs a unit conversion x "old" "new"
y l‘newll

CORR Correlation coefficient correlation

COS Cosine COS Z
COSH Hyperbolic cosine cosh z
 Name Description In = Out
Ccov Covariance covariance
CR Prints a carriage-right
CRDIR Creates a directory (28S) ‘'name’
CROSS Cross product [A][B] [A X B
Complex-to-real conversion (xy) Xy
DEC Sets decimal base
DEG Sets degrees mode
DEPTH Counts the objects on the stack n
DET Determinant of a matrix [matrix] determinant
26

DGTIZ Activates interactive plot mode (28S)

DISP Displays an object obj n
DO Begins DO ... UNTIL ... END DO loop-clause UNTIL test-clause END
DOT Dot product of two vectors [AT[B] x
DRAW Creates a mathematical function plot
DRAX Draws axes
DROP Drops one object from the stack obj
DROPN Drops n+1 objects from the stack (excluding n) obj, ... obj; n
DROP2 Drops two objects from the stack obj; ... obj;
 Name Description In = Out
DRWZX Creates a statistics scatter plot
DUP Duplicates one object on the stack obj obj obj
DUPN DUPs n objects on the stack (excluding n) obj, ... obj; n obj, ... obj; obj, ... objy
DUP2 Duplicates two objects on the stack obj; obj, obj; obj, obj; obj,
D-R Degrees-to-radians conversion (m/180)x
Symbolic constant e 2.71828182846
ELSE Begins ELSE clause
END Ends program structures
ENG Sets engineering display format
27

ERRM Returns the last error message "error message"

ERRN Returns the last error number #n
EVAL Evaluates an object obj
EXGET Gets a subexpression ’symb;” n > Symbz >

EXP Natural exponential z exp z

’Symbl’ > Symbz,
EXPAN Expands an algebraic
EXPM Natural exponential minus 1 X exp(x)—1
EXSUB Substitutes a subexpression ’symb;’ n ’symb,’ ’symbj;’
FACT Factorial or gamma function nor x n! or I'(x+1)
 Name Description Out
FC? Tests a user flag
FC?C Tests and clears a user flag
FIX Sets FIX display format
FLOOR Next smaller integer n
FOR Begins FOR ... NEXT start finish FOR name loop-clause NEXT
or FOR ... STEP start finish FOR name loop-clause increment STEP
FORM Changes the form of an algebraic ’symb;’ ’symb,’
FP Fractional part X y
FS? Tests a user flag n flag
28

FS?C Tests and clears a user flag n flag

GET Gets an element from an object [array] index zZ
GETI Gets an element from an object and [array] index, [array] index, z
increments the index
HALT Suspends program execution
HEX Sets hexadecimal base
HMS + Adds in HMS format hms; hms, hms; + hms,
HMS - Subtracts in HMS format hms; hms, hms; —hms,
HMS- Converts from HMS format hms X
HOME Selects the HOME directory (28S)
 Name Description Inc= Out
Symbolic constant j ©,1)
IDN Creates an identity matrix n [real-identity-matrix]
IF Begins IF ... THEN ... END IF test-clause THEN true-clause END
or IF ... THEN ... ELSE ... END IF test-clause THEN true-clause ELSE false-clause END
IFERR Begins IFERR ... THEN ... END IFERR test-clause THEN true-clause END
or IFERR ... THEN ... ELSE ... END IFERR testclause THEN true-clause ELSE false-clause END
IFT IF ... THEN ... END cmd flag obj
IFTE IF ... THEN ... ELSE ... END cmd flag true-obj false-obj
IM Returns imaginary part of a number xy) y
29

or array [array;] [array,]

INDEP Selects plot independent variable ’global’
INV Inverse (reciprocal) z 1/z
IP Integer part X n
ISOL Isolates a variable in an equation ’symb; ’global’ symb,
KEY Returns 0 if no key in buffer 0
otherwise returns 1 and key "string" 1
KILL Aborts all suspended programs
LAST Returns LAST arguments (if saved) LAST-argument(s)
 Name Description Out
LCD- Returns LCD graphics string (28S) "string”
LIST- Separateslist into individual objects {Objl obj; ... obj, n
LN Natural logarithm Inz
LNP1 Natural logarithm of (arg + 1) In(1+x)
LOG Common (base 10) logarithm log z
LR Computes a linear regression intercept slope
MANT Returns the mantissa of a number y
MAX Returns the maximum of two numbers max(x,y)
MAXR Symbolic constant maximum real 9.99999999999E499
30

MAXZ Finds the maximum coordinate X

values in the statistics matrix [Xl xm]
MEAN Computes statistical means X
MEM Returns available memory X
MENU Selects a numbered menu (28S) n
Creates a custom menu (28S) { names and cmds }
Creates a custom input menu (28S) { STO names }
MIN Returns the minimum of two numbers Xy min(x,y)
MINR Symbolic constant minimum real 1.E-499
 Name Description Inc= Out
MINX Finds the minimum coordinate X
values in the statistics matrix [x1 - Xm]
MOD Modulo Xy x mod y
NEG Negates an argument z -z
NEXT Ends FOR ... NEXT or START ... NEXT
NOT Logical or binary NOT #nl #Ilz

NUM Returns character code "string" n

NX Returns the number of data points n

in the statistics matrix
31

OBGET Extracts an object from an algebraic ’symb’ n {> symb2

obj } ’
OBSUB Substitutes an object into an algebraic symb;” n { obj }
OCT Sets octal base
OR Logical or binary OR #n1 #HZ #n3

ORDER Rearranges the user menu { names }

OVER Copies the object in level 2 into level 1 Objz Obj1 0bj2 0bj1 Obj2

PATH Returns a list showing the current path (28S) { HOME dir-names }
PERM Permutations (28S) n m |
PICK Copies nth object into level 1 (excluding n) Objn Objl n obj, ... obj; obj,
 Name Description In = Out
PIXEL Turns on a display pixel xy)
PMAX Sets the upper-right plot coordinates (xy)
PMIN Sets the lower-left plot coordinates (xy)
POS Finds a substring in a string or "string;
”"n n
string," n
finds an object in a list {list} obj n
PREDV Predicted value X predicted-value
PRLCD Prints an image of the display
PRMD Prints and displays current modes
PRST Prints the stack
32

PRSTC Prints the stack in compact format

PRUSR Prints a list of variables in the
current directory
PRVAR Prints the name and contents of one ’global’
or more variables { global, global, ... }
PR1 Prints the level 1 object obj obj
PURGE Purges one ’global’
or more variables { global, global, ... }
PUT Replaces an element in an array or list [array,] index x [array;]
 Name Description In = Out
PUTI Replaces an element in an array orlist [array;] index x [array,] index,
and increments the index
P-R Polar-to-rectangular conversion (r,9) (xY)
QUAD Solves a quadratic polynomial ’symb;’ ’global’ ? Symb2 y

RAD Sets radians mode

RAND Returns a random number X
RCEQ Recalls the current equation obj
RCL Recalls the contents of a variable ‘name’ obj
RCLF Returns a binary integer representing #n
33

the user flags

RCLX Recalls the current statistics matrix obj
RCWS Recalls the binary integer wordsize n
RDM Redimensions an array [array;] { dim } [array,]
RDZ Sets the random number seed X

RE Returns the real part of a complex xy) X

number or array
REPEAT Part of WHILE ... REPEAT ... END flag
RES Sets the plot resolution n
 Name Description In = Out
RL Rotates left by one bit #l’ll #n2
RLB Rotates left by one byte #nl #Ilz
RND Rounds using real number mode 7 7
RNRM Computes row norm of an array [array] row-norm
ROLL Moves level n+1 object to level 1 obj, ... obj; n 0bjy.1 ... obj; obj,
ROLLD Moves the level 2 object to level n obj; ... obj, n obj, obj; ... objuq
ROOT Finds a numerical root ’symb’ ’global’ guess root
ROT Moves the level 3 object to level 1 obj; obj, objs obj, obj; obj;
RR Rotates right by one bit
34

#Il1 #1'12
RRB Rotates right by one byte #n1 #I‘lz
RSD Computes a correction to the [array B] [matrix A] [array Z] [array B-AZ]
solution of a system of equations
R-B Real-to-binary conversion n #n
R-C Real-to-complex conversion XYy xy)
R-D Radians-to-degrees conversion X (180/7m)x
R-P Rectangular-to-polar conversion (xy) (r,8)
SAME Tests two objects for equality obj; obj, flag
SCI Sets scientific display format n
 Name Description In = Out
SCLX Auto-scales the plot parameters
according to the statistical data
SCONJ Conjugates the contents of a variable ’global’
SDEV Computes standard deviation
Sets a user flag n
SHOW Resolves all references to a name ’symb,’ ’global’ ’symb,’
implicit in an algebraic
SIGN Sign of a number 7 Z
SIN Sine z sin z
35

SINH Hyperbolic sine z sinh z

SINV Inverts the contents of a variable ’global’
SIZE Finds the dimensions of a list, array, obj
string, or algebraic
SL Shifts left by one bit #n1 #Il2

SLB Shifts left by one byte #n1 #Il2

SNEG Negates the contents of a variable ’global’

Squares a number or matrix z
SR Shifts right by one bit #n1 #1’12
 —
Name Description In = Out
SRB Shifts right by one byte # n; #n
START Begins START ... NEXT start finish START loop-clause NEXT
or START ... STEP start finish START loop-clause increment STEP
STD Sets standard display format
STEP Ends FOR ... STEP or START ... STEP increment
STEQ Stores into reserved variable EQ obj
STO Stores an object in a variable obj 'name’
STOF Sets all user flags according to the #n
value of a binary integer
36

STO* Storage arithmetic multiply z ’global’

STO+ Storage arithmetic add z ’global’
STO- Storage arithmetic subtract z ’global’
STO/ Storage arithmetic divide z ’global’
STOX Stores into reserved variable ZDAT obj
STR- Parses and evaluates the commands "string"
defined by a string
STWS Sets the binary integer wordsize n
SuB Extracts a portion of a list or string "string, "start end "string,"
 Name Description In = Out
SWAP Swaps the objects in levels 1 and 2 obj; obj, obj, obj;
SYSEVAL Executes a system object #n
TAN Tangent z tan z
TANH Hyperbolic tangent z tanh z
TAYLR Computes a Taylor series approx. ’symb;’ ’global’ n ) Symb2 »

THEN Begins THEN clause flag

TOT Sums the coordinate values in the X

statistics matrix
TRN Transposes a matrix [matrix,] [matrix; ]
37

TYPE Returns the type of an object obj type

UNTIL Part of DO ... UNTIL ... END
UTPC Upper-tail Chi-Square distribuion n x utpc(n,x)
UTPF Upper-tail F-distribution n; ny X utpf(ny,n;,x)
UTPN Upper-tail normal distribution m v X utpn(m, v, X)
UTPT Upper-tail t-distribution n x utpt(n,x)
VAR Computes statistical variances X Or [X ... X,]
VARS Returns a list of variables in the { names}
current directory (28S)
 Description Inc= Out
Pauses program execution secs
Begins WHILE ... REPEAT ... END WHILE test-clause REPEAT loop-clause END
Logical or binary XOR #n1 #I‘lz #n3
Returns the exponent of a number X n
Adjusts the height of a plot factor
Adjusts the width of a plot factor
Square root z sqrtz
Numeric integral symb’ { global ab} accuracy integral error
Symbolic integral symb’ ’global’ degree ’integral’
38

Derivative ’symb,’ ’global’ ’symb,’

Symbolic constant T
Appends data point to the stat matrix X
Deletes data point from the stat matrix X
Assigns local variable(s) n
Combines numbers into an array X; .. Xy N [vector]
Xi . Xy Y1 -Yo { dim } [matrix]
-HMS Converts a number to HMS format x hms
-LCD Displays graphics string (28S) "string"
 Description In = Out
Combines objects into a list obj; ... obj, n {obj; ... obj,}
Evaluates an object to yield a numeric result obj z
Converts an object to a string obj "string"
Less-than comparison x<y (flag)

“oX

P P By >
Greater-than comparison x>y (flag)
Less-than-or-equal comparison x=y (flag)

oMK
Greater-than-or-equal comparison x=y (flag)

X
Not-equal comparison x¥y (flag)
39

M
Adds two objects Z 7 + 7,
Subtracts two objects 7 7
Multiplies two objects 7 Zq *ZZ
Divides two objects 7 71/7,
Raises a number to a power 7 732
% Percent xy/100

woX

P >
%CH Percent change 100(y—x)/x
%T Percent total 100y/x

MK
 THE HP-28 POCKET BOOK
Plot and Solve Example Object Types 10

NOTIHDOONNODBOOOO O
Differentiation Example Operator Precedence 10
Integration Examples Printer Control 11
Unit Examples Column Graphics 11
Unit Prefixes PPAR and ZPAR Parameters 12
Reserved Names >DAT Statistics Matrix 13
Truth Table Character Codes 14
Key Strings Errors by Number 16
System Operations Errors by Message 18
Interactive Plot Mode Flags 20
SYSEVAL Entries Memory Usage 22
HP-28S Menus Command Reference 23

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