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Combustion in CI Engines

The document discusses combustion in compression ignition engines. It covers the introduction, stages of combustion, and effect of engine variables on ignition delay. Key topics include heterogeneous combustion mixture, higher compression ratio improving efficiency over SI engines, and constraints on fuel-air ratio for diesel engines.

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VARUN VARMA JAGANATH
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13 views

Combustion in CI Engines

The document discusses combustion in compression ignition engines. It covers the introduction, stages of combustion, and effect of engine variables on ignition delay. Key topics include heterogeneous combustion mixture, higher compression ratio improving efficiency over SI engines, and constraints on fuel-air ratio for diesel engines.

Uploaded by

VARUN VARMA JAGANATH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMBUSTION

IN
COMPRESSION IGNITION (CI) ENGINES
INTRODUCTION :
 In CI engine, combustion of a
heterogeneous mixture takes
place.
 Absence of pre-ignition in CI
engine leads to use of a
higher CR improving its fuel
conversion efficiency relative
to the SI engine.
 Engine torque is varied by
varying the amount of fuel
injected per cycle with the
engine air flow essentially
unchanged.
 Pumping loss is low which
improve part load mechanical
efficiency relative to the SI
engine.
INTRODUCTION (cont.) :
 Due to poor utilization of air, the
formation of black smoke in the
exhaust increases as the fuel
injected per cycle increases.
 Because of above, the F/A ratio
at maximum engine power
constrains its values to 20% lean
of stoichiometric.
 Use of lean mixture than
stoichiometric increases thermal
efficiency of the engine but MEP
& power output decreases.
 The effective value of γ over the expansion process is
higher than in a SI engine due to use of lean F/A ratio
which indicates a higher fuel conversion efficiency than
the SI engine.
STAGES OF COMBUSTION :
STAGES OF COMBUSTION (cont.) :
EFFECT OF ENGINE VARIABLES ON
IGNITION DELAY :
 FUEL
 the higher the self ignition temperature of the fuel
the longer the ignition delay.
 The other properties of fuel which affects the delay
period are, cetane number, volatility, latent heat,
viscosity etc.
 FUEL – AIR RATIO
 the ignition delay period increases with decrease in
F/A ratio.
 The rate of pressure rise is unaffected but the
maximum pressure may be lowered.
 COMPRESSION RATIO
 Increase in compression ratio reduces the ignition
delay period.
 INJECTION PRESSURE or SIZE OF DROPLET
 increase in injection pressure reduces the ignition delay
period.
 INJECTION ADVANCE ANGLE
 An increase in injection
advance angle increases
ignition delay period.
 The optimum injection
advance angle generally
varies between 120 to 200.
 ENGINE SPEED
 increase in engine speed reduces the ignition delay
period measured in milliseconds but increases in degree
of crank travel.
 INTAKE PRESSURE or SUPERCHARGING
 increase in intake pressure or supercharging reduces
the ignition delay period.
 INTAKE TEMPERATURE
 increase in intake temperature reduces the ignition
delay period.
 Increase in intake temperature reduces volumetric
efficiency & therefore power output.

 JACKET WATER TEMPERATURE


 increase in jacket water temperature reduces the
ignition delay period.
 TYPE OF COMBUSTION CHAMBER
 a pre-combustion chamber gives shorter delay period as
compared to an open type combustion chamber.
 ENGINE SIZE
 a large engine has shorter delay period measured in
terms of crank angle revolution.
CETANE NUMBER :
 the Cetane number of a diesel fuel is a measure of its
ability to autoignite quickly when it is injected into the
compressed and heated air in the engine.
 In practice, cetane number is actually measured in a
single cylinder CFR test engine.
 The cetane number of a fuel is the percentage by
volume of cetane in a mixture of cetane (cetane number
100) and α-methylnapthalene (cetane number 0) that
has the same performance in the standard test engine as
that of the fuel.
 A simple relation between octane number and cetane
number is,

 This indicate that a good diesl engine fuel is a bad


gasoline fuel and vice versa.

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