Relationship Between Load, Shear,

and Moment

The vertical shear at C in the figure shown

inprevious section (also shown to the right) is
taken as
VC=(ΣFv)L=R1−wx

where R1 = R2 = wL/2

Vc=wL2−wx

The moment at C is

MC=(ΣMC)=wL2x−wx(x2)
MC=wLx2−wx22

If we differentiate M with respect to x:

dMdx=wL2⋅dxdx−w2(2x⋅dxdx)
dMdx=wL2−wx=shear

thus,

dMdx=V

Thus, the rate of change of the bending moment with respect to x is equal to the
shearing force, or the slope of the moment diagram at the given point is the shear at
that point.

Differentiate V with respect to x gives

dVdx=0−w

thus,

dVdx=Load

Thus, the rate of change of the shearing force with respect to x is equal to the load
orthe slope of the shear diagram at a given point equals the load at that point.

Properties of Shear and Moment Diagrams

The following are some important properties of shear and moment diagrams:

1. The area of the shear diagram to the left or to the right of the section is equal to
the moment at that section.
2. The slope of the moment diagram at a given point is the shear at that point.
3. The slope of the shear diagram at a given point equals the
load at that point.
4. The maximum moment occurs at the point of zero shears.
This is in reference to property number 2, that when the
shear (also the slope of the moment diagram) is zero, the
tangent drawn to the moment diagram is horizontal.
5. When the shear diagram is increasing, the moment diagram
is concave upward.
6. When the shear diagram is decreasing, the moment diagram is concave downward.

Sign Convention
The customary sign conventions for shearing force and bending moment are
represented by the figures below. A force that tends to bend the beam downward is
said to produce a positive bending moment. A force that tends to shear the left portion
of the beam upward with respect to the right portion is said to produce a positive
shearing force.

An easier way of determining the sign of the bending moment at any section is that
upward forces always cause positive bending moments regardless of whether they act
to the left or to the right of the exploratory section.

INSTRUCTION:
Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for
the beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of
loading positions and at all points of zero shear. (Note to instructor: Problems 403 to
420 may also be assigned for solution by semi-graphical method describes in this
article.)
Problem 425
Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-425.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear. (Note to instructor: Problems 403 to 420 may also be
assigned for solution by semi-graphical method describes in this article.)

Solution 425

ΣMA=0
6R2=2(60)+7(30)
R2=55kN

ΣMC=0
6R1+1(30)=4(60)
R1=35kN
To draw the Shear Diagram:

1. VA = R1 = 35 kN
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram - 60 kN
VB = 35 + 0 - 60 = -25 kN
3. VC = VB + area in load diagram + R2
VC = -25 + 0 + 55 = 30 kN
4. VD = VC + Area in load diagram - 30 kN
VD = 30 + 0 - 30 = 0

To draw the Moment Diagram:

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 + 35(2) = 70 kN·m
3. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = 70 - 25(4) = -30 kN·m
4. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = -30 + 30(1) = 0
Problem 426
Cantilever beam acted upon by a uniformly distributed load and a couple as shown
inFig. P-426.

Solution 426

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = 0
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 0 - 5(2)
VB = -10 kN
3. VC = VB + Area in load diagram
VC = -10 + 0
VC = -10 kN
4. VD = VC + Area in load diagram
VD = -10 + 0
VD = -10 kN

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 - ½(2)(10)
MB = -10 kN·m
3. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = -10 - 10(2)
MC = -30 kN·m
MC2 = -30 + M = -30 + 60 = 30 kN·m
4. MD = MC2 + Area in shear diagram
MD = 30 - 10(1)
MD = 20 kN·m
Problem 427
Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-427.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear. (Note to instructor: Problems 403 to 420 may also be
assigned for solution by semi-graphical method describes in this article.)

Solution 427

ΣMC=0
12R1=100(12)(6)+800(3)
R1=800lb

ΣMA=0
12R2=100(12)(6)+800(9)
R2=1200lb

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = R1 = 800 lb
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 800 - 100(9)
VB = -100 lb
VB2 = -100 - 800 = -900 lb
3. VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VC = -900 - 100(3)
VC = -1200 lb
4. Solving for x:
x / 800 = (9 - x) / 100
 100x = 7200 - 800x
x = 8 ft

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. Mx = MA + Area in shear diagram
Mx = 0 + ½(8)(800) = 3200 lb·ft;
3. MB = Mx + Area in shear diagram
MB = 3200 - ½(1)(100) = 3150 lb·ft
4. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = 3150 - ½(900 + 1200)(3) = 0
5. The moment curve BC is downward parabola with vertex at A'. A' is the location of zero
shear for segment BC.
Problem 428
Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-428.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 428

ΣMD=0
5R1=50(0.5)+25
R1=10kN

ΣMA=0
5R2+25=50(4.5)
R2=40kN

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = R1 = 10 kN
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 10 + 0 = 10 kN
3. VC = VB + Area in load diagram
VC = 10 + 0 = 10 kN
4. VD = VC + Area in load diagram
VD = 10 - 10(3) = -20 kN
VD2 = -20 + R2 = 20 kN
5. VE = VD2 + Area in load diagram
VE = 20 - 10(2) = 0
6. Solving for x:
x / 10 = (3 - x) / 20
20x = 30 - 10x
x=1m

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 + 1(10) = 10 kN·m
MB2 = 10 - 25 = -15 kN·m
3. MC = MB2 + Area in shear diagram
MC = -15 + 1(10) = -5 kN·m
4. Mx = MC + Area in shear diagram
Mx = -5 + ½(1)(10) = 0
5. MD = Mx + Area in shear diagram
MD = 0 - ½(2)(20) = -20 kN·m
6. ME = MD + Area in shear diagram
ME = -20 + ½ (2)(20) = 0
Problem 429
Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-429.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 429

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ΣMC=0
4R1+120(2)(1)=100(2)+120(2)(3)
R1=170lb

ΣMA=0
4R2=120(2)(1)+100(2)+120(2)(5)
R2=410lb

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = R1 = 170 lb
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 170 - 120(2) = -70 lb
VB2 = -70 - 100 = -170 lb
3. VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VC = -170 + 0 = -170 lb
VC2 = -170 + R2
VC2 = -170 + 410 = 240 lb
4. VD = VC2 + Area in load diagram
VD = 240 - 120(2) = 0
5. Solving for x:
x / 170 = (2 - x) / 70
 70x = 340 - 170x
x = 17 / 12 ft = 1.42 ft

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. Mx = MA + Area in shear diagram
Mx = 0 + (17/12)(170)
Mx = 1445/12 = 120.42 lb·ft
3. MB = Mx + Area in shear diagram
MB = 1445/12 - ½ (2 - 17/12)(70)
MB = 100 lb·ft
4. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = 100 - 170(2) = -240 lb·ft
5. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = -240 + ½ (2)(240) = 0
Problem 430
Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-430.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 430

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ΣMD=0
20R1=1000(25)+400(5)
(22.5)+2000(10)+200(10)(5)
R1=5000lb

ΣMB=0
20R2+1000(5)+400(5)
(2.5)=2000(10)+200(10)(15)
R2=2000lb

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = -1000 lb
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram; VB= -
1000 - 400(5) = -3000 lb; VB2= -3000 +
R1 = 2000 lb
3. VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram; VC =
2000 + 0 = 2000 lb; VC2 = 2000 - 2000
=0
4. VD = VC2 + Area in load diagram; VD =
0 + 200(10) = 2000 lb
To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 - ½ (1000 + 3000)(5)
MB = -10000 lb·ft
3. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = -10000 + 2000(10) = 10000 lb·ft
4. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = 10000 - ½ (10)(2000) = 0
5. For segment BC, the location of zero moment can be accomplished by symmetry and that is
5 ft from B.
6. The moment curve AB is a downward parabola with vertex at A'. A' is the location of zero
shear for segment AB at point outside the beam.
Problem 431
Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-431.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 431

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ΣMD=0
7R1+40(3)=5(50)+10(10)(2)+20(4)(2)
R1=70kN

ΣMA=0
7R2=50(2)+10(10)(5)+20(4)
(5)+40(10)
R2=200lb

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = R1 = 70 kN
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 70 - 10(2) = 50 kN
VB2 = 50 - 50 = 0
3. VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VC = 0 - 10(1) = -10 kN
4. VD = VC + Area in load diagram
VD = -10 - 30(4) = -130 kN
VD2 = -130 + R2
VD2 = -130 + 200 = 70 kN
5. VE = VD2 + Area in load
diagram; VE = 70 - 10(3) = 40
kN
VE2 = 40 - 40 = 0

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear
diagram
MB = 0 + ½ (70 + 50)(2) = 120
kN·m
3. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = 120 - ½ (1)(10) = 115 kN·m
4. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = 115 - ½ (10 + 130)(4)
MD = -165 kN·m
5. ME = MD + Area in shear diagram
ME = -165 + ½ (70 + 40)(3) = 0
6. Moment curves AB, CD and DE are downward parabolas with vertices at A', B' and C',
respectively. A', B' and C' are corresponding zero shear points of segments AB, CD and DE.
7. Locating the point of zero moment:
a / 10 = (a + 4) / 130
130a = 10a + 40
a = 1/3 m

y / (x + a) = 130 / (4 + a)
y = 130(x + 1/3) / (4 + 1/3)
y = 30x + 10

MC = 115 kN·m
Mzero = MC + Area in shear
0 = 115 - ½ (10 + y)x
(10 + y)x = 230
(10 + 30x + 10)x = 230
30x2 + 20x - 230 = 0
3x2 + 2x - 23 = 0
x = 2.46 m

Zero moment is at 2.46 m from C

Another way to solve the location of zero moment is by the squared property of parabola
(see Problem 434). The point of zero moment is an ideal location for the construction joint.

Problem 432
Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-432.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.
Solution 432

ΣME=0
5R1+120=6(60)+40(3)(3.5)
R1=132kN

ΣMB=0
5R2+60(1)=40(3)(1.5)+120
R2=48kN

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = -60 kN
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = -60 + 0 = -60 kN
VB2 = VB + R1 = -60 + 132 = 72 kN
3. VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VC = 72 - 3(40) = -48 kN
4. VD = VC + Area in load diagram
VD = -48 + 0 = -48 kN
5. VE = VD + Area in load diagram
VE = -48 + 0 = -48 kN
VE2 = VE + R2 = -48 + 48 = 0
6. Solving for x:
x / 72 = (3 - x) / 48
48x = 216 - 72x
x = 1.8 m

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 - 60(1) = -60 kN·m
3. Mx = MB + Area in shear diagram
MX = -60 + ½ (1.8)(72) = 4.8 kN·m
4. MC = MX + Area in shear diagram
MC = 4.8 - ½ (3 - 1.8)(48) = -24 kN·m
5. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = -24 - ½ (24 + 72)(1) = -72 kN·m
MD2 = -72 + 120 = 48 kN·m
6. ME = MD2 + Area in shear diagram
ME = 48 - 48(1) = 0
7. The location of zero moment on segment BC can be determined using the squared property
of parabola. See the solution of Problem 434.

Problem 433
Overhang beam loaded by a force and a couple as shown in Fig. P-433.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.
Solution 433

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ΣMC=0
5R1+2(750)=3000
R1=300lb

ΣMA=0
5R2+3000=7(750)
R2=450lb

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = R1 = 300 lb
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 300 + 0 = 300 lb
3. VC = VB + Area in load diagram
VC = 300 + 0 = 300 lb
VC2 = VC + R2 = 300 + 450 = 750 lb
4. VD = VC2 + Area in load diagram
VD = 750 + 0 = 750
VD2 = VD - 750 = 750 - 750 = 0

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = VA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 + 300(2) = 600 lb·ft
MB2 = VB - 3000
MB2 = 600 - 3000 = -2400 lb·ft
3. MC = MB2 + Area in shear diagram
MC = -2400 + 300(3) = -1500 lb·ft
4. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = -1500 + 750(2) = 0
Problem 434
Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-434.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.
Solution 434

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ΣME=0
6R1+120=20(4)(6)+60(4)
R1=100 kN

ΣMB=0
6R2=20(4)(0)+60(2)+120
R2=40kN

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = 0
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 0 - 20(2) = -40 kN
VB2 = VB + R1 = -40 + 100 = 60 kN]
3. VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VC = 60 - 20(2) = 20 kN
VC2 = VC - 60 = 20 - 60 = -40 kN
4. VD = VC2 + Area in load diagram
VD = -40 + 0 = -40 kN
5. VE = VD + Area in load diagram
VE = -40 + 0 = -40 kN
VE2 = VE + R2 = -40 + 40 = 0

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 - ½ (40)(2) = -40 kN·m
3. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = -40 + ½ (60 + 20)(2) = 40 kN·m
4. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = 40 - 40(2) = -40 kN·m
MD2 = MD + M = -40 + 120 = 80 kN·m
5. ME = MD2 + Area in shear diagram
ME = 80 - 40(2) = 0
6. Moment curve BC is a downward parabola with vertex at C'. C' is the location of zero shear
for segment BC.
7. Location of zero moment at segment BC:
By squared property of parabola:
3 - x)2 / 50 = 32 / (50 + 40)
3 - x = 2.236
x = 0.764 m from B

Problem 435
Beam loaded and supported as shown in Fig. P-435.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 435

ΣMB=0
2wo(5)=10(4)(0)+20(2)+40(3)
wo=16kN/m

ΣMmidpointofEF=0
5R1=10(4)(5)+20(3)+40(2)
R1=68kN

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in load diagram
MB = 0 - 10(2) = -20 kN
MB2 + MB + R1 = -20 + 68 = 48 kN
3. MC = MB2 + Area in load diagram
MC = 48 - 10(2) = 28 kN
MC2 = MC - 20 = 28 - 20 = 8 kN
4. MD = MC2 + Area in load diagram
MD = 8 + 0 = 8 kN
MD2 = MD - 40 = 8 - 40 = -32 kN
5. ME = MD2 + Area in load diagram
ME = -32 + 0 = -32 kN
6. MF = ME + Area in load diagram
MF = -32 + wo(2)
MF = -32 + 16(2) = 0

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 - ½ (20)(2) = -20 kN·m
3. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = -20 + ½ (48 + 28)(2)
MC = 56 kN·m
4. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = 56 + 8(1) = 64 kN·m
5. ME = MD + Area in shear diagram
ME = 64 - 32(1) = 32 kN·m
6. MF = ME + Area in shear diagram
MF = 32 - ½(32)(2) = 0
7. The location and magnitude of moment at C' are determined from shear diagram. By
squared property of parabola, x = 0.44 m from B.

Problem 436
A distributed load is supported by two distributed reactions as shown in Fig. P-436.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.
Solution 436

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ΣMmidpointofCD=0
4w1(11)=440(8)(5)
w1=400lb/ft

ΣMmidpointofAB=0
2w2(11)=440(8)(6)
w2=960lb/ft

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = 0
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 0 + 400(4) = 1600 lb
3. VC = VB + Area in load diagram
VC = 1600 - 440(8) = -1920 lb
4. VD = VC + Area in load diagram
VD = -1920 + 960(2) = 0
5. Location of zero shear:
x / 1600 = (8 - x) / 1920
x = 40/11 ft = 3.636 ft from B

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 + ½ (1600)(4) = 3200 lb·ft
3. Mx = MB + Area in shear diagram
Mx = 3200 + ½ (1600)(40/11)
Mx = 6109.1 lb·ft
4. MC = Mx + Area in shear diagram
MC = 6109.1 - ½ (8 - 40/11)(1920)
MC = 1920 lb·ft
5. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = 1920 - ½ (1920)(2) = 0

Problem 437
Cantilever beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-437.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 437

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = -1000 lb
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = -1000 + 0 = -1000 lb
VB2 = VB + 500 = -1000 + 500
VB2 = -500 lb
3. VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VC = -500 + 0 = -500 lb
4. VD = VC + Area in load diagram
VD = -500 - 400(4) = -2100 lb

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 - 1000(2) = -2000 lb·ft
3. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = -2000 - 500(2) = -3000 lb·ft
4. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = -3000 - ½ (500 + 2100)(4)
MD = -8200 lb·ft
Problem 438
The beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-438 consists of two segments joined by a
frictionless hinge at which the bending moment is zero.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 438

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From the FBD of the section to the left of hinge

ΣMH=0
4R1=200(6)(3)
R1=900lb

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = 0
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 0 - 200(2) = -400 lb
VB2 = VB + R1 = -400 + 900 = 500 lb
3. VH = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VH = 500 - 200(4) = -300 lb
4. VC = VH + Area in load diagram
VC = -300 - 200(2) = -700 lb
5. Location of zero shear:
x / 500 = (4 - x) / 300
 300x = 2000 - 500x
x = 2.5 ft

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 - ½ (400)(2) = -400 lb·ft
3. Mx = MB + Area in load diagram
Mx = -400 + ½ (500)(2.5)
Mx = 225 lb·ft
4. MH = Mx + Area in load diagram
MH = 225 - ½(300)(4 - 2.5) = 0 ok!
5. MC = MH + Area in load diagram
MC = 0 - ½ (300 + 700)(2)
MC = -1000 lb·ft
6. The location of zero moment in segment BH can easily be found by symmetry.
Problem 439
A beam supported on three reactions as shown in Fig. P-439 consists of two segments
joined by frictionless hinge at which the bending moment is zero.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 439

ΣMH=0
8R1=4000(4)
R1=2000lb

ΣMA=0
8VH=4000(4)
VH=2000lb

ΣMD=0
10R2=2000(14)+400(10)(5)
R2=4800lb
ΣMH=0
14R3+4(4800)=400(10)(9)
R3=1200lb
To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = 0
2. VB = 2000 lb
VB2 = 2000 - 4000 = -2000 lb
3. VH = -2000 lb
4. VC = -2000 lb
VC = -2000 + 4800 = 2800 lb
5. VD = 2800 - 400(10) = -1200 lb
6. Location of zero shear:
x / 2800 = (10 - x) / 1200
1200x = 28000 - 2800x
x = 7 ft

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = 2000(4) = 8000 lb·ft
3. MH = 8000 - 4000(2) = 0
4. MC = -400(2)
MC = -8000 lb·ft
5. Mx = -800 + ½ (2800)(7)
Mx = 1800 lb·ft
6. MD = 1800 - ½(1200)(3)
MD = 0
7. Zero M is 4 ft from R2
Problem 440
A frame ABCD, with rigid corners at B and C, supports the concentrated load as shown
in Fig. P-440. (Draw shear and moment diagrams for each of the three parts of the
frame.)

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 440

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Problem 441
A beam ABCD is supported by a roller at A and a hinge at D. It is subjected to the loads
shown in Fig. P-441, which act at the ends of the vertical members BE and CF. These
vertical members are rigidly attached to the beam at B and C. (Draw shear and
moment diagrams for the beam ABCD only.)

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 441

FBH=14kN to the right

MB=14(2)
MB=28kN⋅mcounterclockwise

FCH=35(10)
FCH=6 kN to the right

FCV=4/5(10)
FCV=8 kN upward

MC=FCH(2)=6(2)
MC=12 kN⋅m clockwise

ΣMD=0
6RA+12+8(2)=28
RA=0

ΣMA=0
6RDV+12=28+8(4)
RDV=8kN

ΣFH=0
RDH=14+6
RDH=20kN

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. Shear in segments AB and

BC is zero.
2. VC = 8
3. VD = VC + Area in load
diagram
VD = 8 + 0 = 8 kN
VD2 = VD - RDV
VD2 = 8 - 8 = 0

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. Moment in segment AB is
zero
2. MB = -28 kN·m
3. MC = MB + Area in shear
diagram
MC = -28 + 0 = -28 kN·m
MC2 = MC + 12 = -28 + 12
MC2 = -16 kN·m
4. MD = MC2 + Area in shear
diagram
MD = -16 + 8(2)
MD = 0
Problem 442
Beam carrying the uniformly varying load shown in Fig. P-442.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 442

ΣMR2=0
LR1=13L(12Lwo)
R1=16Lwo

ΣMR1=0
LR2=23L(12Lwo)
R2=13Lwo

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = R1 = 1/6 Lwo
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 1/6 Lwo - 1/2 Lwo
VB = -1/3 Lwo
3. Location of zero shear C:
By squared property of parabola:
x2 / (1/6 Lwo) = L2 / (1/6 Lwo + 1/3 Lwo)
6x2 = 2L2
x = L / √3
4. The shear in AB is a parabola with vertex at A,
the starting point of uniformly varying load.
The load in AB is 0 at A to downward wo or -
wo at B, thus the slope of shear diagram is
decreasing. For decreasing slope, the parabola is
open downward.
To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MC = MA + Area in shear diagram
MC = 0 + 2/3 (L/√3)(1/6 Lwo)
MC = 0.06415L2wo = Mmax
3. MB = MC + Area in shear diagram
MB = MC - A1 (see figure for solving A1)

For A1:
A1 = 1/3 L(1/6 Lwo + 1/3 Lwo) - 1/3 (L/√3)(1/6 Lwo) - 1/6 Lwo (L - L/√3)
A1 = 0.16667L2wo - 0.03208L2wo - 0.07044L2wo
A1 = 0.06415L2wo

MB = 0.06415L2wo - 0.06415L2wo = 0

4. The shear diagram is second degree curve, thus the moment diagram is a third degree curve.
The maximum moment (highest point) occurred at C, the location of zero shear. The value
of shears in AC is positive then the moment in AC is increasing; at CB the shear is negative,
then the moment in CB is decreasing.
Problem 443
Beam carrying the triangular loads shown in Fig. P-443.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 443

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By symmetry:
R1=R2=12(12Lwo)
R1=R2=14Lwo

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = R1 = ¼ Lwo
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = ¼ Lwo - ½ (L/2)(wo) = 0
3. VC = VB + Area in load diagram
VC = 0 - ½ (L/2)(wo) = -¼ Lwo
4. Load in AB is linear, thus, VAB is second
degree or parabolic curve. The load is from 0 at
A to wo (wo is downward or -wo) at B, thus the
slope of VAB is decreasing.
5. VBC is also parabolic since the load in BC is
linear. The magnitude of load in BC is from -
wo to 0 or increasing, thus the slope of VBC is
increasing.

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 + 2/3 (L/2)(1/4 Lwo) = 1/12 Lwo
3. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = 1/12 Lwo - 2/3 (L/2)(1/4 Lwo) = 0
4. MAC is third degree because the shear diagram in AC is second degree.
5. The shear from A to C is decreasing, thus the slope of moment diagram from A to C is
decreasing.
Problem 444
Beam loaded as shown in Fig. P-444.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 444

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Total load=2[12(L/2)(wo)]
Total load=12Lwo

By symmetry
R1=R2=12×Total load
R1=R2=14Lwo

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = R1 = ¼ Lwo
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = ¼ Lwo - ½ (L/2)(wo) = 0
3. VC = VB + Area in load diagram
VC = 0 - ½ (L/2)(wo) = -¼ Lwo
4. The shear diagram in AB is second degree
curve. The shear in AB is from -wo (downward
wo) to zero or increasing, thus, the slope of
shear at AB is increasing (upward parabola).
5. The shear diagram in BC is second degree
curve. The shear in BC is from zero to -
wo (downward wo) or decreasing, thus, the
slope of shear at BC is decreasing (downward
parabola)
To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 + 1/3 (L/2)(¼ Lwo) = 1/24 L2wo
3. MC = MB + Area in shear diagram
MC = 1/24 L2wo - 1/3 (L/2)(¼ Lwo) = 0
4. The shear diagram from A to C is decreasing, thus, the moment diagram is a concave
downward third degree curve.
Problem 445
Beam carrying the loads shown in Fig. P-445.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 445

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ΣMR2=0
5R1=80(3)+90(2)
R1=84kN

ΣMR1=0
5R2=80(2)+90(3)
R2=86kN

Checking
R1+R2=F1+F2 (okay!)

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = R1 = 84 kN
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 84 - 20(1) = 64 kN
3. VC = VB + Area in load diagram
VC = 64 - ½ (20 + 80)(3) = -86 kN
4. VD = VC + Area in load diagram
VD = -86 + 0 = -86 kN
VD2 = VD + R2 = -86 + 86 = 0
5. Location of zero shear:

From the load diagram:

y / (x + 1) = 80 / 4
y = 20(x + 1)

VE = VB + Area in load diagram

0 = 64 - ½ (20 + y)x
(20 + y)x = 128
[20 + 20(x + 1)]x = 128
20x2 + 40x - 128 = 0
5x2 + 10x - 32 = 0
x = 1.72 and -3.72
use x = 1.72 m from B

6. By squared property of parabola:

z / (1 + x)2 = (z + 86) / 42
16z = 7.3984z + 636.2624
8.6016z = 254.4224
z = 73.97 kN

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 + ½ (84 + 64)(1) = 74 kN·m
3. ME = MB + Area in shear diagram
ME = 74 + A1 (see figure for A1 and A2)

For A1:
A1 = 2/3 (1 + 1.72)(73.97) - 64(1) - 2/3 (1)(9.97)
A1 = 63.5

ME = 74 + 63.5 = 137.5 kN·m

4. MC = ME + Area in shear diagram
MC = ME - A2

For A2:
A2 = 1/3 (4)(73.97 + 86) - 1/3 (1 + 1.72)(73.97) - 1.28(73.97)
A2 = 51.5

MC = 137.5 - 51.5 = 86 kN·m

5. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram

MD = 86 - 86(1) = 0
Problem 446
Beam loaded and supported as shown in Fig. P-446.

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Without writing shear and moment equations, draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beams specified in the following problems. Give numerical values at all change of loading
positions and at all points of zero shear.

Solution 446

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ΣFV=0
4wo+2[12wo(1)]=20(4)+2(50)
5wo=180
wo=36kN/m

To draw the Shear Diagram

1. VA = 0
2. VB = VA + Area in load diagram
VB = 0 + ½ (36)(1) = 18 kN
VB2 = VB - 50 = 18 - 50
VB2 = -32 kN
3. The net uniformly distributed load in
segment BC is 36 - 20 = 16 kN/m
upward.
VC = VB2 + Area in load diagram
VC = -32 + 16(4) = 32 kN
VC2 = VC - 50 = 32 - 50
VC2 = -18 kN
4. VD = VC2 + Area in load diagram
VD = -18 + ½ (36)(1) = 0
5. The shape of shear at AB and CD are parabolic spandrel with vertex at A and D,
respectively.
6. The location of zero shear is obviously at the midspan or 2 m from B.

To draw the Moment Diagram

1. MA = 0
2. MB = MA + Area in shear diagram
MB = 0 + 1/3 (1)(18)
MB = 6 kN·m
3. Mmidspan = MB + Area in shear diagram
Mmidspan = 6 - ½ (32)(2)
Mmidspan = -26 kN·m
4. MC = Mmidspan + Area in shear diagram
MC = -26 + ½ (32)(2)
MC = 6 kN·m
5. MD = MC + Area in shear diagram
MD = 6 - 1/3 (1)(18) = 0
6. The moment diagram at AB and CD are 3rd degree curve while at BC is 2nd degree curve.