Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech.

6th Semester

Class Task 1
Evaluate (L-5 Blooms Taxonomy) the following popular definitions of“Communication”
and Create (L-6) a comprehensive definition of the term.
Definitions:
1. Keith Davis: Communication is a process of passing information and understanding from one person to another.
2. John Adair: Communication is essentially the ability of one person to make contact with another and make
himself or herself understood.
3. William Newman and Charles Summer: Communication is an exchange of ideas, facts, opinions or emotions of
two or more persons.
4. Louis Allen: Communication is a bridge of meaning. It involves a systematic and continuous process of telling,
listening and understanding.
5. Peter Little: Communication is a process by which information is transmitted between individuals and / or
organizations so that an understanding response results.
6. Murphy, Hildebrandt, Thomas: Communication is a process of transmitting and receiving verbal and non-verbal
messages. It is considered effective when it achieves the desired response or reaction from the receiver.
7. Koontz and Weihrich: “Communication is the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver, with the
information being understood by the receiver”.
8. Oxford dictionary: ‘the imparting or exchange of information by speaking, writing, or using some other
medium.
9. Newman and Summer, ‘Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more
people.’
10. NPTEL: it is deliberate or even accidental transfer of meaning.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

Class Task 2
Why Are Interpersonal Communication and Group Communication Important?
Differentiate (L-4 Blooms Taxonomy) between group communications and inter
personal Communication.

Class Task 3
Evaluate (L-5 Blooms Taxonomy) the importance of each 10 Interpersonal skills
listed.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

UNIT – I INTRODUCTION TO EMPLOYMENT COMMUNICATION:

On successful completion of the course, the student will be able to:
CO1: Demonstrate a better understanding about the importance of communication
especially professional communication and clearly follow the procedure and
etiquettes involved in it.

Communication:
What is communication; Importance of Communication; Types of Communication
and Elements of Communication, Principles of Communication.

Communication Skills at work place:

Basic Purpose of Communication at workplace; Employability skills; Planning and
Inventing Strategies; Strategies for teamwork and workplace communication.

Cross-cultural Communication:
Preparing to communicate across cultures, Demographic diversity, Reducing
strangeness of strangers; Technology and intercultural communication.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

Communication
The word communication refers to the interaction between people and their respective environments. Different ideas influence
humans with the help of communications.
Communications tend to change attitudes, beliefs, and even ways of thinking of people. Communication plays a key role in everyday
living. Knowledge can be imparted through communication. It transfers information from one place, person, or group to another .
The term “communication” has been taken from the word “communis,” a Latin word meaning common. The commonness of
understanding forms a vital component of all kinds of interactions and communication. If the understanding is not common, then
communications create more misunderstandings. It makes people directionless. It forms one of the essential tools that help people to
connect.
Communication involves the concept of transfer of information. It is merely the act of sharing common ideas between individuals that
are a part of the conversation. It forms an understanding from the sender to the receiver and vice versa. It is essential to carry out the
process convincingly and meaningfully to develop an ideal conversation with communication. The act of communication is also known
as the process of passing information in oral or written form.
It is the transfer of a person’s thoughts in the way of talking or writing to another person. Communication has four actions that are,
encoding, sending, receiving, and decoding. The sender encodes the information and transfers it to the receiver. The receiver gains
the information from the sender, decodes it, and understands the message or information received. The message forms the content
of the communication.
The process of communication has five components, namely, sender, message, medium, noise, and receiver. Telephones, written
memos, emails, text messages, and faxes are communication methods other than talking face to face with a person. Every
communication involves a sender, a message, and a receiver. The transfer of information and message from a sender to a receiver
may be influenced by a range of things like emotions, the medium of conversation, cultural situation, upbringing, and even a person’s
location. Good communication skills are considered desirable by every citizen in the world.
Communication has more to do with than the mere transmission of information. It requires an element of success and correct body
language in transmitting and imparting messages, be it information or even emotions and feelings. Two people may read differently
based on the choice of words used in communication. The receiver might not have the same understanding as that of the sender.
The body language of a person plays a significant role in the act of communication.
There are different communication categories: verbal communication, non-verbal communication, written communication, and
visualizations. Misunderstandings can occur at any stage of communication. Effective communication depends on minimizing
potential misunderstandings and overcoming any barriers to make a healthy conversation.
There are five good communication skills that each individual should possess for success, especially in the workplace; they are, listen,
which forms an essential aspect of communication, which helps the listener understand how the speaker feels while conversing.
Straight talking helps to avoid serious communication gaps. Non-verbal communications help a person to connect with others and
make relationships better.
Stress management and emotional control play an essential role in communication. Controlling emotions and stress can help a person
avoid regretting individual decisions made, which might cause him a failure in the future.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

NOISE IN COMMUNICATION
There are four types of noise during communication that can make it more difficult to understand the other things going on around
you. Read on to learn more about the four types of noise incommunication.

PHYSICAL NOISE
Physical noise includes the sounds created around you every day. It occurs externally and may distract you from what you are
trying to hear. For instance, someone whispering in a classroom can disrupt a presentation given by a teacher. Other examples
of physical noise include:
• A baby crying when they wake up from a nap.
• A concert taking place outside.
• Loud music playing in a passing car.

PHYSIOLOGICAL NOISE
Physiological noise occurs when you encounter a barrier to hearing. It could be a barrier youcreate, or it may be an issue with
another person speaking. It encompasses physical problems such as being hard of hearing or not being able to differentiate
low noises. Other kinds of physiological noise include:
• Talking too fast or too slow.
• Not pausing to breathe while speaking.
• Having trouble articulating a thought or mumbling.

PSYCHOLOGICAL NOISE
Psychological noise refers to the noise in your head that can prevent you from concentrating. It may include wandering thoughts,
like switching topics too quickly, making it difficult for the listener to follow your narrative. People who think they know
something already also have psychological noise in their heads. Other examples include:
• Closed-mindedness that leads you to discount ideas.
• Sarcasm when someone disagrees with your views.
• Thinking about an unrelated topic during a conversation.

SEMANTIC NOISE
Semantic noise occurs when people try to communicate about something but lack the common background or knowledge to
share ideas effectively. They may have different primary languages or rely on a separate dialect. Sometimes cross-cultural
communications can result in semantic noise and add to misunderstandings. Additional examples include:
• Using jargon that another person misunderstands or isn’t familiar with.
• Misinterpreting body language, such as eye contact or voice tone.
• Speaking words that can have two different meanings
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

Why do we communicate?
Moving further to functions of communication, the first is that we need to have meaningful relationships and therefore,
we communicate. There is a need within all of us each one of us to be included to be in control and to search or look
for affection.
The need for inclusion is the need for social contact in present day or the time from which communication began as a
human means of human life and interaction. The need for control all of us have at some time or the other felt a need to assess
or to assert or to understand that we are capable and responsible and we are controlling some people or some persons.
And, thelast and more important it may be the last, but it is the most important is the need the humanneed to express
and receive love.

The following points highlight the importance of communication:

1. Basis for planning: Planning is the basic function of management. If plans are well designed and communicated
for their implementation, it leads to organisational success. Planning requires extensive environmental scanning and
information about internal and external organisation elements. An effective system of communication helps in
obtaining this information. Implementing the plans requires communicating them to everybody in the organisation.
Communication is, thus, the basis of planning.
2. Motivation to work: Employees are motivated to work if their needs are satisfied. Communication helps
managers know needs of their employees so that they can adopt suitable motivators and inspire them to develop
positive attitude towards the work environment.
3. Job satisfaction: Exchange of information develops trust, confidence and faith amongst managers and
subordinates. They understand their job positions better and, thus, perform better. People are committed to
organisational objectives which promotes jobsatisfaction,
4. Commitment to organisational objectives: Managers who follow an effective system of communication
understand employees’ needs, adopt suitable motivators to satisfy them, appraise their performance and provide
them regular feedback. The employeesalso work with commitment towards organisational objectives.
5. Coordination: Communication coordinates organisational resources (human and non- human), individual goals
with organisational goals and internal environment with external environment. Coordination is the key to
organisational success and communication is an active contributor to coordination.
6. Adaptability to external environment: In order to survive in the changing, dynamic environment, managers
continuously interact with external parties like government, suppliers, customers, etc. This requires effective
communication system in the organisation.

7. Internal functioning of an enterprise: Managers interact with parties internal to business enterprises. They constantly
obtain and provide information to them. More effective the communication system, more accurate will be the
information.
8. Healthy industrial relations: Satisfied workers contribute to healthy organisations. Communication brings
managers and trade unions closer, develops mutual understandingand promotes industrial peace and harmony. This
increases industrial production.

9. Helps in performing managerial roles: According to Henry Mintzberg, managers perform three major roles –
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

interpersonal, informational and decisional. Communication helps managers in performing these roles effectively. In
interpersonal roles, managers interact with superiors, peers and subordinates; in informational roles they receive and
give information to people inside and outside the organization and in decisional roles, they take important
decisions and communicate them to organisational members for theireffective implementation.

10. Facilitates leadership: Effective leaders interact with followers, guide and inspire them to perform the individual
and organisational goals. Effective communication process facilitates leaders to carry out the leadership
functions.

11. Facilitates control: Planning is effective if accompanied by an effective control system.Control is possible when
managers assess subordinates’ performance, correct and prevent deviations and provide them regular
feedback of performance. Control function largely depends upon communication system of the organisation.
How effectively managers control organisational activities depends upon how effective is the communication
system.

12. Training and development: Imparting training and development facilities to employees depends upon
how well their superiors communicate with them. Trainerswith good communication skills are better than those
who have poor communicationskills.
13. Substance to organisational existence: Obtaining information to make plans, makingmembers aware of
authority-responsibility structure, position in the organisational hierarchy, coordinating their activities is the

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION

The communication process involves understanding, sharing, and meaning, and it consists of eight essential elements: source,
message, channel, receiver, feedback, environment, context, and interference.

1. Sender (an encoder, or communicator)

2. Receiver (decoder, or communicatee )
3. Message is what is being shared, what is being made common between 1 and 2 or more. message is the content value
of thecommunicative act.
4. Channel or the mediums through which a message is sent; the 3 V’s of communication :Visual, Verbal and Vocal.
5. Noise is defined as anything which is interfering or damaging or distorting the ability to send and receive the message.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

Noise can exist in thesender or the encoder or the communicator and noise can also be, in the receiver or the
recipient or the decoder or the communicatee.
6. Context is the background, it is the setting across or in the context of which the communication event is unfolding.There
are 2 types of context : formal and informal.
7. Feedback : defined as information returned to the message source. Feedback is what isreturned from communicatee
to communicator.
There are 2 types of feedback : Positive & NegativeThe +ve feedback enhances the response and –ve feedback
extinguishes.
8. Effect or what is in simple terms called product.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
1. Intrapersonal Communication: you and your thoughts communication with self.
2. Interpersonal Communication: relationship level of communication.
3. Group Communication : interaction with a limited number of persons.
4. Public Communication : communication designed to inform or persuadeaudience members.
5. Online or Machine assisted Communication
6. Mass communication
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION refers to face-to-face communication wherein peopleexchange information and
feelings through verbal and non-verbal means.

 This is an easy and convenient way of communicating between two people because feedback is given right
away after the message was conveyed.
 This form of communication is vital in our day-to-day life. After all, it occurs in almost everything we do – from
talking to our family and interacting with our colleagues.
 On the other hand, group communication is exchanging information between three ormore people or within
groups.
 This kind of team interaction plays a significant role in the workplace. It can be an engagement between the
employees and employer, employees to employees, the business’s interaction with customers, etc.
 Interpersonal communication is essential in maintaining healthy and fulfilled relationshipsin the workplace and in
our personal lives.
 As an everyday skill, we used this ability to build good relationships by understanding our family, friends,
colleagues, and people.
 Most employers and coworkers prefer to work with someone who has excellent interpersonal communication
skills because they are easy to get along with.
 They tend to be more transparent and effective. Someone who has excellent interpersonal
communication skills in the workplace is a potentially good leader and usually develops the best solutions to
a problem.
 Group communication is also an essential factor for the growth and success of a business.By having effective group
communication, conflicts in the workplace are easily managed and prevented.
 It also increases productivity and work efficiency, projects and encourages a sense oftrust and reliability, and
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

fosters excellent workplace rapport and camaraderie.

 Furthermore, group communication fosters a positive workplace relationship not only between coworkers but also
with employers. People who communicate well in a teamare keener to give better solutions by creating an
atmosphere of trust and openness.
The communication activity of an organization fall into three broad categories:
1. Interorganizational Communication:
This takes place within an organization. It takes place in the form of orders, circulars, notices,emails, etc.
2. Interorganizational communication:
This takes place between a business organization and people outside the organization. It cantake place in the form of
company presentations, advertisements, displays, project reports, etc.
3. Personal communication:
This communication is undertaken without a specific objective. Personal conversations, gossip,grapevine
communication are examples of personal communication.

GROUP COMMUNICATION
Is the interaction within a limited number of persons, the group if you define, even 2 is a group,more than one is a
group.
A 2 membered family, a 3-member family is a group.
Or in a village which has 3 households, 4 households, 5 households is a group.Or in a factory with the
hundred workers is a group,
But whatever there is a limit to the number of persons

PUBLIC COMMUNICATION.
Is communication designed to inform or persuade audience members. Wherever one person is communicating to a public
and trying to do two things, or one of the two which is
firstly, providing information; secondly, trying to persuade.
On one level
the advertisements, audio, video, other means of communication : placards, boards, across the street, beyond the street,
above houses, hoardings, these are communication designs to inform or persuade the audience members, who see those
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

advertisements are informed about the plus points or the unique selling points of a product.
The second type of public communication:
Example: the lecture of a teacher, the speech of a political person.

ONLINE OR MACHINE ASSISTED COMMUNICATION,

- where one cannot function without machine and therefore, the title of this type of communication-machine assisted
communication and online.
This is the building of relationships using computers and internet in an age where the social media has so much of
impact on our personal and professional lives.
We build our social networks- WhatsApp, WeChat, Facebook, Twitter is few of the examples.

MASS COMMUNICATION
as transmission of messages which may be processed by gatekeepers prior to their being sent to large audiences through
a channel of broad diffusion.

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION
• Communication is dynamic,
• Unrepeatable and irreversible
• Affected by culture,
• Influenced by ethics,
• Competency based
• Transformed by media and technology.

The principles of communication are: communication is dynamic, it is unrepeatable and irreversible, and it is affected by
culture, ethics, it is based on your competence that is why it is said “there is a need for us to reassure ourselves that we
can increase our competence in communication” and in an age when we are driven by media and technology,
communication is increasingly getting impacted by media and technology.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS (as an employee)

• without communication no business, no work can happen.
• any workplace needs good communicators as any organization wants leaders.
• by improving our communication abilities, we improve your chances for success.
• most people do not communicate well,
Communication skills or abilities can be worked upon.
Through this course employment skills, employment communication, we are working on the four communication skills:
listening, speaking, reading, writing, because these are the communicationskills, which are required at the workplace.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

7 COMMUNICATION SKILLS YOU NEED TO SUCCEED IN THE WORKPLACE

Whether you’re an employee or a manager, effective communication is vital. You might be a put-your-head-down-and-
get-things-done kind of employee, but no matter your work style, you can’t avoid communicating at the office on a screen
or in person.

But beyond having to communicate in the office, honing your communication skills can influence your career–and your daily
success at work. According to career coach Hallie Crawford, “How well you communicate impacts efficiency, effectiveness,
trust between employees, your brand, and how you come across as a professional, and much more.”

1. SHOWING RESPECT

“Being respectful of other people’s space and time is important–especially if you need to talk about a touchy subject,”
says Crawford. And while we may not think of showing respect as acommunication skill, it is, because respect comes
down to how we talk and listen to people. “Avoid talking down to someone, this does not foment a positive environment at
work. Respect the other person’s feelings and strengths and perspective,” says Crawford.

2. ACTIVE LISTENING

“Active listening is an essential part of any job,” says Jacinto. Being a bad listener–such as someone who interrupts or
doesn’t make eye contact when another person speaks to you–can compromise your position at work. If you don’t listen
well, “You might not understand the fullobjective for a project or the tool you were just trained on,” she says.

3. DISPLAYING POSITIVE BODY LANGUAGE

“Your body language communicates more than words,” Crawford. So, the overall energy youemit with actions and
movements. Ask, “Are your arms crossed, or do you avoid eye contact?”

4. BE WILLING TO ASK QUESTIONS

When you’re a new employee at a company–or if you’re a recent college graduate–you might be afraid of asking questions
of coworkers or your managers. But the ability and willingness to ask questions is a crucial communication skill. Asking
questions “helps to clarify things at work, whether you are talking about a project or a problem with a coworker,” says
Crawford. Ifyou’re a leader at work, this applies to you, too: “Instead of giving direction, try asking questions to guide
someone to a correct conclusion,” she says.

5. UNDERSTANDING EMAIL ETIQUETTE

In 2019, most of the communication we do is via email or another online platform. “There’s always that one person who
is too detailed and sends a novel back to you,” says Jacinto, whoadds, “don’t be this person. Know how to break up an
email, add bullet points, and be concise.” Jacinto recommends asking yourself, “Does the receiver need all this
information,” before hitting send, or even, “Would this be better as a phone chat instead?” Jacinto says.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

6. REMAINING OPEN-MINDED

Staying open-minded is a very important communication skill–especially for entry-level employees. “If an employee
is an entry-level or new to their position, it’s important for them tobe able to connect with his or her coworkers and
understand the corporate culture of the organization. “Be open to new ways of doing things, and don’t shut down if
your new team members have a different process or methodology for completing a task than you are used to.

7. A WILLINGNESS TO GIVE FEEDBACK

This communication skill “is important for senior-level employees to help their employees and business to grow,” says
Crawford. “This doesn’t always mean correcting mistakes–it could be commending someone for a job well done.” But
what about when you do need to call out someone’s mistake? “If you do need to correct mistakes, make sure to commend
an employee first,” Crawford says. “This makes it easier to accept any negative feedback.”

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS are the soft skills that help to make you stand out from other candidates aiming for the
same job with similar academic qualifications. These skills are not clearly illustrated in job descriptions but they are vital
to possess in order to secure a role where the employability skills match the job profile.

Some Common Employability Skills

While on-job training or technical skills can be acquired, employability skills come naturally orare acquired through
work experience, practices or education.
 Communication skills
 Leadership
 Problem solving
 Teamwork
 Reliability
 Self-management
 Planning and organization
 Technology
 Initiative
 Learning

1. Communication
It is one of the most important personality trait and a soft skill which is much sought after for any employment. Effective use
of the five elements of communication, which include the sender, receiver, message, medium and feedback helps to deliver
a message with clarity. An employee with a good communication skill helps the company to avoid any unnecessary
misunderstandingsand waste of time and in turn helps to increase productivity.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

Communication skills can be verbal, non-verbal, visual and written. To be effective in your communication in the
workplace you have to be able to understand your colleagues, their ideas and instructions. You also need to attain your
objectives by convincing your co-workers with yourthoughts and ideas.
Communication improves with practice. Maintain a positive expression and body language, listen carefully to others
and think before you speak. Joining a club or being active on socialmedia also helps to develop your communication
skills.

2. Leadership
Leadership skills are important at every stage in an organisation. Employers look out for candidates who possess this
skill set. You can demonstrate your leadership skills if you can manage your team members well, motivate and train the
staff to improve their work practicesand set objectives or goals for the colleagues to share in the interest of the company.

3. Problem solving
Problem solving is the act of determining the issue, identifying the cause of the problem, selecting the best possible
outcomes and implementing it. A good problem solver helps to overcome obstacles by resolving complex issues. They
are an asset to any organisation as they help the team to optimise their efficiency.
More complex problems will require you to research, analyse and then make a decision. Youcan break up a problem
into smaller parts and then address the issue. Problem solving skills can be further developed by participating in
brainstorming sessions, undertaking projects and research assignments and even solving puzzles.
Some of the steps of problem solving are:
• Identify or define the issue
• Gather information
• Understand everyone's point of views or interests
• List possible options and evaluate them
• Choose an option
• Implement a solution

4. Teamwork
Teamwork as a skill refers to the ability to know your role in the team and work amicably withyour teammates. Intense
global competition makes teamwork especially important to achieve better productivity. Healthy relationships between
colleagues, increased job satisfaction andworkflow contributes to improved team performance.
All jobs require collaboration at some point in time. Collaboration as a teamwork skill contributes to a better work
environment. It also increases your chances of being hired by an organisationto help reach the company goals more
effectively. How employees work as a team has a direct effect on the organisation's stability, innovation and
productivity.
Teamwork skills can be boosted by using the following:
• Know your individual goal within a team and understand responsibilities of your role.
• Manage your time efficiently and communicate any deadlines, rules or purpose of a task clearly.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

• Share your enthusiasm for a project with your colleagues.

• Appreciate and give due credit to your team members.
• Work productively together as a team to resolve any disputes.
• Join a sports team or engage in physical activities for greater motivation and a positivemindset.
• Volunteer in organisations and help co-workers in the office to build up your teamworkskills.
5. Reliability
Being dependable and reliable is an important employability skill as it helps to build up trust with the employer.
Consistency is key to reliability. Regularly meet your deadlines and produce quality work. Reliability can be boosted when
you meet or exceed expectations with your work performance.
Create a daily schedule for tasks and respond promptly to queries. Quality work implies minimal errors but if there are
mistakes, acknowledge and learn from it, so you can make a consciouseffort not to repeat the same.
6. Self-management
Self-management is the ability to organise and manage your work commitments consistently withminimal or no supervision
and guidance. This skill also helps to save time, which curates efficiency.
Self-management skills can be developed by:
• Taking initiative and asking for greater responsibilities at work.
• Being accountable for your work and actions.
• Participation in volunteer work and managing your commitments.
7. Planning and Organisation
If you can plan and organise efficiently, it helps your employer to achieve their goals by managing time, money
and effort. Organisation means being able to plan your schedule anddo your work accordingly. You know the priority
of the task, how long it would take and the tools needed to complete it. Organisation is about being resourceful, taking
initiative to manage priorities in a timely manner and to take decisions.
Tips to develop your organisation skills:
• Create a timetable
• Identify the goals and things to do
• Organise your work
• Prioritise your tasks and plan a schedule
• Arrange or organise events which help to build up this skill set
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

8. Technology
Technology is crucial for employees in order to use the latest technical know-how. Knowledgeof technology is one of the
leading skills set that organisations look for when hiring staff. It helps employees to stay relevant and ahead of the
competition. While the technical skills required for different jobs vary significantly across roles, some basic knowledge of
technology is crucial in today's workplace. Organisations value employees who can grasp the technology based
concepts and learn how to use them effectively.
Steps to further develop technology skills:
• Enroll in a course or online training
• Ask for extra on-job training
• Stay updated with the latest technology being used in the industry
• Try new apps and technology while listing the ones you already know and use in yourdaily life
9. Initiative
Employers value initiative as a key employability skill to possess. Initiative means the motivation to take pre-emptive action
and adapt to new situations accordingly. To demonstrate initiative,you have to first identify the opportunities and the
client requirements without being asked todo so. Understand the goals of the task or the organisation and create
strategic plans accordingly to translate the ideas into action.
People with initiative have a strong desire to succeed. They would strive to improve themselves by regularly upgrading their
skills and knowledge. Employers and organisations value such employees.
Initiative can be improved by:
• Approaching employers and organisations for new opportunities
• Understanding the viability of a plan and then initiating ideas and solutions
• Proposing changes to policies while adhering to cultural and political sensitivities
• Setting up local charities or organisations
10. Learning
Learning skills enable the employee to improve their knowledge about the organisation. Employees with good learning
skills tend to adapt to change easily by learning new conceptsand methods. They are valuable to the firm as they can
quickly fill up challenging positions and save time. Learning skills can be developed further by taking a skills-based course,
researching or acquiring a new hobby. Learning skills ensure a smooth transition to the implementation ofnew systems,
processes and technology.
Given the intense competition in the workplace, possessing employability skills continues to remain vital for success.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

STRATEGIC PLANNING
Strategic planning is the process in which management sets priorities, devotes energy and resources to a project,
improves operations and makes sure all stakeholders are invested in the success of the enterprise and have common
goals.
The strategic plan is the document used to communicate within an organization what the strategicgoals are and any other
crucial aspects of the plan that have been developed in strategic planning meetings.
Strategy reflects the rationale behind certain actions. Planning is what determines how to execute the desired actions.
This could also be called strategic management. Pivotal to the action in the organization is feedback that allows the plan
to evolve as circumstances change.
Implementation of the strategic plan is strategic execution.

Strategic planning can play an essential role in your organization’s growth and development.Outline of what strategic
planning is and how to implement it effectively to help achieve your goals or business goals and develop your
company’s profitability.
 Where we are now?
 Where are we going?
 What is going to get in our way?
 What do we need to do toget to where we want to go?
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

If success was a place, how would you know ifyou got there?
 Where are you going?
 Why should you go there?
 What is wining?

BENEFITS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

 help to define the direction that your business must go, as well as aid in establishingrealistic objectives that
are connected to the mission of the organization.
 allows a business to evaluate its success as it moves through the stages of strategicplanning, and it can
provide ways to establish boundaries for effective decision making.
 enable management to more efficiently coordinate the business’ functional activities toachieve target
objectives.
 used to outline management discussions and decision making
 determine the resource and budget requirements to accomplish set goals, to ultimatelyboost operational
efficiency.
Vision
Get your team to describe their vision of the organization as clearly and vividly as possible
 What do operations look like?
 What do staff look like?
 What do clients look like?
 How else your organization look different?
 Like a blueprint for a house, you build design.Mission
 Why do you exist?
 Who do you do it for?
 Who is your main customer?
 What do you do for them?
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Remember
 Make it simple
 Avoid buzz words
 it’s not a marketing exercise
Values: drives performance and is the DNA of your organization?
 What do you value?
 What are the cultures and norms of your organization?
 How would you describe the organization if it were a person?
 What is “the way you do things around here”?
 What is not acceptable behavior?

THE STAGES OF STRATEGIC PLANNING

As an enterprise embarks upon creating a strategic plan, it will use a variety of methods for execution. Managers,
executives and other stakeholders of the business involve themselves in various stages or phases of the planning.
The following stages are commonly addressed during strategic planning:
 Analysis and evaluation: Management—and all the stakeholders if possible— evaluate the external
and internal influences on an organization.
 Strategy articulation: Stakeholders develop high-level and basic organizational-levelplans.
 Plan-based action: Stakeholders transform the high-level plan into operations andactions.
 Appraisal and refinement: Managers evaluate and refine culture, performance,communications and
data reporting benchmarks.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

Step for strategic plan implementation

i. Study the overall market.
ii. Complete a SWOT analysis.
iii. Define your business goals.
iv. Develop departmental goals.
v. Set short-term objectives.
vi. Identify staffing, budgeting and financing needs.
vii. Identify which KPIs you will track.
viii. Identify the needs of your customers.
ix. Identify and evaluate your competitors.
x. Address the individuals needed to achieve goals.
xi. Assess the financial results.

1. Study the overall market

 Research your competitors and how they are funded.
 Determine what tactics they are using in their approach.
 Identify average prices for goods and services and what your competitor’s pricingaverages are.
 In addition to researching your competitors, research your customer base.
 Identify the types of products and services your clientele is demanding.
 Consider studying overall economic trends and how they affect the market.

2. Complete a SWOT analysis

A SWOT analysis involves evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to your customer base, staff,
profitability, market position and products. Some indicating factorsof SWOT analysis include:
 Examining the strengths and weaknesses of your team, your market position and yourfinancial resources.
 Assessing your sales channels and determining whether they are incomplete.
 Evaluating your product or service quality by determining the percentage rate of customercomplaints and positive
reviews.
 Researching your business opportunities to enter complementary markets or raise funds tolaunch a new product.
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3. Define your business goals

 Determine steps or changes your business needs to implement in order to realize yourmission and vision
statements. Consider examining any product changes, sales and marketing strategies, financial resources,
financial targets and corporate culture.
 You can then use your evaluations to set appropriate goals that will further your business’growth and
development.
4. Develop departmental goals
 You may choose to set specific goals for project teams, sales and marketing teams, financeand operations teams
and human resources and technology teams. Consider setting small objectives to further reach larger goals, such as
targeting communication strategies or team-building exercises to improve employee morale for your human
resources team.
5. Set short-term objectives
 Determine the final goal you will achieve as you follow your strategic plan. Then, workbackward from that goal
to identify the key objectives or milestones that your plan will need to target to achieve the end results. These
key objectives can then be used as smallgoals that you may set in the development of your strategic plan. For
example, a short- term goal of converting more leads from social media outlets can be a short-term objective
that contributes further to the long-term goal of increasing the total number of online sales.
6. Identify staffing, budgeting and financing needs
 Determine a centralized corporate plan, an organizational structure and a budget. You might assess whether you
have the financing needed to launch new products to achieve your overall sales goals. If assessing your current
finances shows you will need additionalfunding, consider how you will raise funds or adjust the goals to be more
attainable to your current business development.
7. Identify which KPIs you will track
 Identify any key performance indicators (KPIs) that you may track to help you evaluatewhether target
objectives are being met in your strategic plan.
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 For example, you might track the total sales and underlying KPIs like the number of visitors to the business’ website,
the number of visitors who complete the contact form or the number of proposals issuedor leads and proposal
closing ratios.
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8. Identify the needs of your customers
Consider examining your market sector to determine
whether it is expanding or shrinking, what
needs are being met by your competitors or if there is a new market need that your organization’s product or service
can meet. You might also evaluate your marketing strategies to determine what methods are getting results and then
make adjustments as needed.
9. Identify and evaluate your competitors
Determine who your competitors are and assess in what ways they are successful. You might also research the market to
identify trends that influence a competitor’s success. You can then use this data to implement and develop strategies for
ranking ahead of your competitors.
If your competitor offers consultation services, you might consider how they price their consulting packages if they offer
seasonal discounts or referral points to their customers. This information can be key in developing your business’ strategic
plan as it can offer insight into how you canbetter position your organization to achieve its goals.
10. Address the individuals needed to achieve goals
Identify any and all of the individuals who may be involved in your project plan to accomplishyour goals. Assess and
assemble the teams you will need to work through the stages of the process. For instance, will you need a larger sales
and marketing team, a project management team or a finance team? Similarly, you can determine if you will need any
new hires or specialized professionals to complete your project.
11. Assess the financial results
Evaluate and assess the results of each initiative you are pursuing. Identifying individual projects within the overall goals
will help determine how many customers and at what price points youneed to target in order to achieve your sales
goals.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

HINDRANCE TO GOOD IMPLEMENTATION

 Leadership
 Communication: Clear & Simple
 How are you going to share the strategic plan with your organization?
 Remember: different people absorb information in different ways: words, audio, pictures
 Resources (Where are the gaps as far as key functions?)
 5 M : Man, Machine, Money, Method, Material
 Buy in: Push Vs Pull (contribute to the plan), Match Goals and motivation
 CONSTRAINTS
 Time
 Budget
 Human Resource
 Who are the key people in the organization that are responsible for functionalareas?
 Are there people responsible for more than one area?
 Capability to execute.
 Technology

STRATEGIES FOR TEAMWORK

Teamwork is a vital part of any company, but even more so for startups when the work environment and culture require
all hands-on deck working closely together all the time. In the end, teamwork comes down to cooperation and communication
and without it, your business cancertainly suffer.
 While the terms “teamwork” or “team building” may bring visions of company retreats practicing trust falls, in
actuality building team morale, trust and productivity doesn’t haveto involve pricey trips or clichéd exercises.

Teamwork Strategies: to improve teamwork in organization.

1. Lead by example: If you want your team to communicate with each other, work hard, produce strong results and
keep the business moving forward then you must lead by exampleand do the same. Treat your own roles,
responsibilities and relationships with coworkers the same way you want others to.

2. Build Mutual Trust and Respect: “Trust is the glue of life. It’s the most essential ingredient in effective communication. It’s
the foundational principle that holds all relationships.F — STEPHEN R.COVEY
Mutual trust and respect among employees and management is very important to build a strong team. Trust helps teams to
understand each other and the requirements of a project and move ahead in coordination with each other.

3. Encourage socializing
Set aside time for team members to get to know one another on a more personal level to increase mutual trust,
respect and understanding.
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4. Cultivate open communication

Encourage team members to speak open, share ideas, make suggestions and voice their opinionsacross all aspects of the
business. Communication is a two-way street and employees should feellike they can add to the conversation both with
superiors and peers.
5. Clearly outline roles and responsibilities
Everyone in a team should have a crystal-clear understanding of what their role and responsibilities within the
group are. This will help limit confusion or time spent organizing anddelegating work so individuals can simply focus
on their task at hand.
6. Organize team processes
Along with establishing clear roles, there should be set team processes in place for working ona project, mitigating
setbacks, communicating with each other and providing feedback. Again,these guidelines will help employees spend less
time on logistics and more on their actual work.
7. Set defined goals
Each team should know exactly what they’re working toward including what goals they need tobe hitting and when. Set
measurable goals within a specific timeframe that group members can measure themselves against both individually
and as a team.
 Knowing where they stand in relation to the outlined benchmarks will provide added motivation and incentive to
work together.
8. Recognize good work
Praising and recognizing a job well done will boost confidence and morale, encouraging teams and individuals to keep up
the good work.
9. Mediate conflict quickly and efficiently
It’s normal for conflict to arise in a team setting – there may be a communication breakdown atsome point or people
may have personal issues.
 How conflict is managed should be clear under the team processes. If a team member hasan issue, how should
they handle it? Who should they speak to first?
 Make these practices and expectations clear from the beginning then handle situationsquickly to help a team
move on and maintain a good working environment.

10. Allow team members to actively take part in decision-making

Having a sense of personal involvement in the decision-making process will solidify individuals’ connection and investment
in the team, making them feel like they are an integral part of something rather than just a piece of the puzzle.
11. Use a task management software
Collect and streamline team tasks, progress, deadlines and updates with a project management system. The application
allows teams to gather information and conversations in one place with real time syncing across the board.
12. Maintain the balance of work
Of course, different team members will be working on different tasks, but try to ensure that everyone still has similar
workloads. There shouldn’t be any single person bearing the brunt of the work. The point of being in a team is to work together
to share the load and create somethingone couldn’t do on their own.
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13. Meet regularly… and mix it up

Meetings shouldn’t get in the way of productivity or be a waste of time, but teams should still meet regularly to touch
base, check in on progress and goals, throw ideas around and build awareness about what each member is working
on.
Plan regular meetings to reconnect, but make sure the time is used efficiently and effectivelyand consider switching
things up by trying a walking meeting or meeting in a different place, like a coffee shop.
Taking things outside of the workplace has been shown to increase productivity and let communication flow more
naturally.
14. Don’t micromanage
While teams should be meeting regularly together and with their supervisors, it’s still important not to micromanage. Give
your team the time, space and independence to produce work ontheir own without feeling like they’re always been
watched or judged.
15. Create space
Give your team the physical and mental space to create and work in peace. This may mean setting specific times where
group members only work alone or are not allowed to send or check email. Things can get done more quickly as a team;
however, individuals still need their personaltime to focus on their part of the project.
16. Start team traditions
This goes for teams and the company as a whole – create traditions to help bring people together and establish a
sense of unified culture and solidarity.
They can be silly and simple, such as a running inside joke, or serious and elaborate, like offeringa large incentive for when
a team has reached their goals, but find a way for the team toconnect on another level that isn’t just work-related.
17. Use size to your advantage
Both big and small teams have their own advantages. Larger teams have more manpower, but smaller groups often tend to
show more personal investments and take individual responsibility for getting things done. Whatever the size of your team
is, consider what it needs to work bestand use its size to your advantage.
18. Make hiring a team responsibility
When adding someone new to the company or team, have the existing team weigh in on thefinal decision, especially
if they’re a small group.
One’s skills, attitude and work ethic can easily affect overall group dynamics. By having the opportunity to weigh in on
newcomers, the existing team will be able to help choose the best fit.
19. Give frequent feedback
Teams should receive frequent feedback from their leaders and each other. This can mean feedback on completed
work but also include sharing any questions, insight, praise or problems the team may be having.
20. Take time to celebrate
Acknowledge and honor team wins.
Not only is celebrating simply fun, but it also helps reinforce a team’s willingness to work together and work hard for
the company when their effort is clearly appreciated and celebrated.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

STRATEGIES FOR WORK PLACE COMMUNICATION

 Use technology to facilitate communications
 Create an open environment
 Provide opportunities for feedback
 Get specific with instructions
 Celebrate achievements and milestones
 Open multiple lines of communication
 Connect across departments

1. Be aware of your nonverbal cues

Body language, facial expressions and other nonverbal cues can play a large role in effectivecommunication. Take note
of your nonverbal cues when communicating and adjust if cues are notsupporting what you are trying to communicate.
2. Maintain eye contact
Maintaining eye contact shows that you are paying attention to the other person and are an active part of the
conversation.
3. Request and provide feedback
Offering and asking for feedback shows that you care about what the other person is sayingas well as their opinions
on the topic being discussed.
4. Use encouraging small verbal comments
When taking part in a conversation, use small verbal comments such as "uh-huh." This can encourage the speaker to
continue and lets them know that you are listening.
5. Don't interrupt
Refrain from interrupting when another person is speaking to show respect and that you are listening to what they are
saying.
6. Focus on what the other person is saying
Paying attention is the key to effective communication. When another person is speaking, give them all of your attention
and acknowledge that you are hearing their message.
7. Limit distractions
Communication is much more effective when there are little to no distractions. Whencommunicating, put away your
mobile device, shut off your computer and limit any other distractions that may prohibit you from being present during
a conversation.
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8. Participate in a public speaking class

Taking a speech class can help build confidence when speaking to others and equip you witheffective communication
strategies.
9. Acknowledge what others are expressing
When having a conversation with someone, acknowledge what they are saying by nodding, using facial expressions
and participating in the conversation when appropriate.
10. Consider your tone of voice
Your tone of voice can have a significant impact on how others interpret what you’re saying. For example, if you are
discussing a serious topic, your tone should be confident and firm ratherthan playful or unsure.
11. Use appropriate grammar and spelling
Avoid using abbreviations, slang, jargon and other forms of language that may not be understood by others. Spell
out words and ensure proper spelling and grammar.
12. Proofread and edit
Before sending an email, text or other written form of communication, take the time to proofread and make any necessary
edits. This ensures your written communication is professional and conveys your message as accurately as possible.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION:
Culture is a system of beliefs, values, attitudes, behaviors, artifacts, our eating styles, our living lifestyles, our cultural
festivals, our festivities, our holidays, dressing etc.

Subculture is a part of the main culture, for example, India has 2 sub cultures the northern partis the Aryan culture and
the southern part is the Dravidian culture.

The kind of cultural differences one may face at the workplace:

1. Context or situation based: The problem-solving techniques and decision-making practicesof people who work in
different cultures are separate and unique from each other. At workplace negotiating styles differs from culture
to culture.

2. legal and ethical behavior of different cultures: For example: India is different from theway the legal framework
and the ethical standards are there in some other country. Even,if it is us next door country.
 Withhold judgment: where you think that you are not sure you are not confident andyou are among people of
different culture. Better not to speak not to say anything.
 Send honest messages: the best way is to be honest with whatever you are communicating verbally, as well
as nonverbally, whether the message is verbal plusnonverbal.
 Respect cultural differences if we are to survive and flourish at the workplaces.

3. Social behavior differences:

 materialism, but the extent to which people of different cultures are materialistic is different from country to
country.
 Roles. The roles into which the society casts in a masculine or a male oriented society, the roles for the women would
be lower, diminutive, weak not important on the other hand if you think about a matriarchal society. Example
of Nepal or Kerala. In matriarchal society the roles of the women are important and up they are regarded
with much respect in society. And, they are given greater roles in performance.
 Status
 Manners (etiquette)
 Time. Time is very important, because in the west people are very punctual and they value time, they respect
time. Whereas, in our part of the world we have an attitude of it is all right, people come late for meetings
because they think that it increasestheir importance. And, even when the meeting is going on if you observe
then people will give lot of introductions have some social conversation and then come to the mainbusiness to
be discussed.

4. Nonverbal communication: in India we have minimum personal space at the workplace or even in the family
depending on the intimacy of the relationship, but in the west this is notso. Body language is very important part
of nonverbal communication.
 Subject: Employment Communication I B.Tech. 6th Semester

ETHNOCENTRICISM
 Ethnocentrism is using one’s own culture as the benchmark to judge other cultures so creating bias.
 Ethnocentrism occurs when one has the belief that their own cultural group is superior to others.
 Individuals who are ethnocentric will believe that their culture’s beliefs, ideas, values,and practices are correct,
and they use the standards in their own culture to assess othercultural groups.
 They will tend to have negative attitudes towards other cultures and believe their beliefs, ideas, values, and
practices are wrong or strange.
 ethno centrism or ethnocentrism is to be avoided at any cost.

Ethnocentrism three different categories:

1. Linguistic Ethnocentrism
Thinking one’s own language is the absolute norm is also a form of ethnocentrism. In the workplace, communication
can get stifled by the proverbial “language barrier”, which often leads to frustration, and even intolerance in the worst
case scenario.
2. Racial Ethnocentrism
The tendency to think that one’s race is “normal” or “regular”. In many parts of the US, whereso many offices (and even
entire office buildings) are crammed with predominantly all-white, all-American staff, it is easy to spot ethnocentric
tendencies. Anyone who doesn’t fit the bill islabeled “exotic” or “different”. Some people might not even realize
they’re being discriminatory, because they don’t necessarily think that those different from them are “bad”,but rather
“unique”.
3. Religious Ethnocentrism
The belief that one's religious group is superior to those of other groups.
Even though religious talk in the workplace is often frowned upon, some religious practices can (and often do) come into
question based on the previous two factors (racial and linguistic ethnocentrism). In a predominantly Christian country
like the US, this might cause a lack of understanding and tolerance between co-workers. Does your work place consider
holidays that are outside of the “normal” religious holidays?

How to overcome ethnocentrism?

In today’s diverse workplace, communication issues can take on an added dimension of complexity. Every culture has
its own set of tacit assumptions and tendencies when it comes to face-to-face interactions, and trying to get your point
across effectively can sometimes be difficult. Even when a language barrier doesn’t exist, cross-cultural
communication can be challenging.
1. Maintain etiquette
Many cultures have specific etiquette around the way they communicate. Before you meet, research the target culture,
or if time allows, do some cross-cultural training. For example, many cultures expect a degree of formality at the beginning
of communication between individuals.Every culture has its own specific way of indicating this formality: ‘Herr’ and ‘Frau’
in Germany, reversing family and given names in China and the use of ‘san’ in Japan for men and womenetc. Be aware
of these familiarity tokens and don’t jump straight to first name terms until youreceive a cue from the other person to
do so.
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2. Avoid slang
Not even the most educated non-native English speaker will have a comprehensive understanding of English slang,
idioms and sayings. They may understand the individual words you have said, but not the context or the meaning. As a result,
you could end up confusing them or at worst, offending them.
3. Speak slowly
Even if English is the common language in a cross-cultural situation, it’s not a good idea to speak at your normal
conversational speed. Modulating your pace will help, as will speaking clearlyand pronouncing your words properly.
Break your sentences into short, definable sections and give your listener time to translate and digest your words as you
go. But don’t slow down toomuch as it might seem patronising. If the person you’re speaking to is talking too quickly or their
accent is making it difficult for you to understand them, don’t be afraid to politely ask them toslow down too.
4. Keep it simple
In a cross cultural conversation there’s no need to make it harder for both of you by using bigwords. Just keep it simple.
Two syllable words are much easier to understand than three syllable words, and one syllable words are better than two
syllable words. Say “Please do this quickly”rather than “Please do this in an efficacious manner.”
5. Practice active listening
Active listening is a very effective strategy for improving cross cultural communication. Restate or summarise what the other
person has said, to ensure that you have understood them correctly,and ask frequent questions. This helps build rapport
and ensures that important information doesn’t get missed or misunderstood.
6. Take turns to talk
Make the conversation flow more freely by taking it in turns to speak. Make a point and then listen to the other person
respond. Particularly when people are speaking English as their secondlanguage it’s better to talk to them in short exchanges
rather than delivering a long monologue that might be difficult for them to follow.
7. Write things down
If you’re not sure whether the other person has understood you properly, write it down to make sure. This can be
particularly helpful when discussing large figures.
8. Avoid closed questions
Don’t phrase a question that needs a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer. In many cultures it is difficult or embarrassing to answer in
the negative, so you will always get a ‘yes’ even if the real answer is ‘no’. Ask open-ended questions that require
information as a response instead.
9. Be careful with humour
Many cultures take business very seriously and believe in behaving professionally and following protocol at all times.
Consequently, they don’t appreciate the use of humour and jokes in a business context. If you do decide to use humour
make sure it will be understood and appreciated in the other culture and not cause offence. Be aware that British
sarcasm usuallyhas a negative effect abroad.
10. Be supportive
Effective cross-cultural communication is about all parties feeling comfortable. In any conversation with a non-native
English speaker, treat them with respect, do your best to communicate clearly and give them encouragement when they
respond. This will help build their confidence and trust in you.