COMPUTER SYSTEMS

SERVICING

Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 14
Classbased Subnetting
 After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Identify the default subnet classes of any classbased IP address;
2. Understand the principle and the process on architecting a subnet;
3. Appreciate the importance of subnetting.

DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Choose the best answer by
encircling your answer.

1. Give the correct subnet mask if the IP address falls on a class C.

a. 255.0.0.0 c. 255.255.255.0
b. 255.255.0.0 d. 127.0.0.1
2. It is the first IP address of a subnet and is computed by setting all the host
bits to zero.
a. First usable host address c. Broadcast Address
b. Network Address d. Last usable host address
3. Given the IP address 192.168.10.8, Which of the following is the correct
subdivision of network and host part?
a. Network: 192.168.10 Host: 8
b. Network: 192.168 Host: 10.8
c. Network: 192 Host: 168.8.10
d. Network: 192.0.0.0 Host: 192.255.255.255
4. Given the IP address 191.168.1.1, which of the following is the network
address?
a. 191.0.0.0 c. 191.168.1.0
b. 191.168.0.0 d. 191.255.255.255
5. Which of the following does not belong to the group when we start
architecting the IP address 10.1.1.1?
a. 10.0.0.0
b. 10.255.255.255
c. 10.1.0.0
d. 10.0.0.1
 • On our last module, we have learned that the ncpa.cpl is a Microsoft
Windows connections properties control panel file. The ncpa means network
control panel applet while cpl means control panel.
• The other way of assigning an IP address is known as static. Using Static
IPs prevents address conflicts between devices and allows you to manage
them more easily. Assigning IPs to Windows is essentially the same process
but getting to where you need to be depends between each version.
• There are times that the computers or devices will obtain the IP address
immediately after doing the configuration inside the network control panel.
However, if it didn’t obtain an IP address automatically after doing this set
up, we need to use the command prompt to release and renew the IP address
to make this work.

INTRODUCTION
In the early days of the IP protocol, there were only three subnet masks that
could possibly be assigned to a particular workstation. There was a class A, class
B and class C subnet mask. The subnet mask for a class A network is 255.0.0.0.
It also means that there are 8 bits available for the network address and 24 bits
available for hosts on those network. A class B subnet mask is 255.255.0.0 which
means that there are 16 bits available for the network and 16 bits available for the
hosts. Lastly, a class C subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 where there are 24 bits that
are available for networks and 8 bits available for hosts.

SUBNET MASK
CLASS A 255.0.0.0
CLASS B 255.255.0.0
CLASS C 255.255.255.0

When we convert the following subnet mask into binary, we can see an
illustration of where the separation between the network address and the host.
 CLASS A SUBNET MASK
Decimal 255 0 0 0
Binary 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
Network Host bits (24)
bits (8)

CLASS B SUBNET MASK

Decimal 255 255 0 0
Binary 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000
Network bits (16) Host bits (16)

CLASS C SUBNET MASK

Decimal 255 255 255 0
Binary 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000
Network bits (24) Host bits
(8)

As IP become popular, experts realized that limiting our subnet masks to a

class a, b or c was not a very efficient way to perform IP addressing. So in 1993,
experts stop using this method of automatic subnet. But still they use the terms
in casual conversation to shorten the term 255.255.0.0 as class B and so on. It
is a lot easier to say that you use a class B subnet mask than saying I use
255.255.0.0 or 255.255.255.0.

Construction of a Subnet
Now let us proceed and start architecting the values that we could use for
devices on a particular IP subnet using these IP addresses and subnet masks.
1. Network Address – This would be the first IP address that belongs to a
particular subnet. You can get this value by taking all of the host bits of
a particular subnet and changing them all to zero.
2. First usable host address – It is an IP address that is one number above
the network address. It is very easy to find the first usable host address
when you know your network address.
3. Broadcast Address – It is the last IP address on a particular IP subnet.
You can get this value by taking all of the host bits of a particular subnet
and changing them all to ones.
 4. Last usable host address – It is a IP address that is one number below
the broadcast address.

Let us know take what we know about the network address, first usable
host address, broadcast address and the last usable host address and do some
calculations using actual IP values.

Subnet Calculation s
Let us take the IP address of 10.74.222.11 and assume that we are using
the classbased or classful subnet masks.

IP Address: 10.74.222.11

CLASS A

SUBNET MASK: 255.0.0.0

NETWORK HOST

10 . 74 . 222 . 11

Network Address (Set all host bits to 0) 10 . 0 . 0 . 0

First host address (add one) 10 . 0 . 0 . 1

Broadcast Address (Set all host bits to 1) 10 . 255 . 255 . 255

Last host address (subtract one) 10 . 255 . 255 . 254

We know that anything that starts with an IP address of 10 falls into class
A subnet range. Therefore, the subnet mask of 10.74.222.11 is 255.0.0.0. Now
that we know the subnet mask, we can now separate the network part of the IP
address and the host part of the IP address.
To find the network address, we set all the host bits to zero. So instead of
74.222.11 we have 0.0.0. Therefore, the network address is 10.0.0.0. To find the
first available host on the subnet, we add one to the value of network address.
Therefore, the first available host address that we could use is 10.0.0.1. To find
the broadcast address, we set all the host bits to ones. In binary representation
the value is 1111 1111. But when we convert this to decimal the value is 255.
Therefore, our broadcast address now is 10.255.255.255. And last, to find the last
available host on the subnet, we subtract one to the value of broadcast address.
Therefore, the last available host address that we could use is 10.255.255.254.
Here is another example for your reference.

IP Address: 172.16.88.200

CLASS B

SUBNET MASK: 255.255.0.0

 NETWORK HOST

172 . 16 88 . 200

Network Address (Set all host bits to 0) 172 . 16 0 . 0

First host address (add one) 172 . 16 0 . 1

Broadcast Address (Set all host bits to 1) 172 . 16 255 . 255

Last host address (subtract one) 172 . 16 255 . 254

DIRECTION: Calculate the network address, first usable host address, broadcast
address and the last usable host address of the following IP address. Find the class
and subnet mask.

1.
IP ADDRESS: 191.168.1.4

CLASS:

SUBNET MASK:

NETWORK ADDRESS:

FIRST HOST ADDRESS:

BROADCAST ADDRESS:

LAST HOST ADDRESS:

2.
IP ADDRESS: 110.1.1.200

CLASS:

SUBNET MASK:

NETWORK ADDRESS:

FIRST HOST ADDRESS:

BROADCAST ADDRESS:

LAST HOST ADDRESS:

 In the early days of the IP protocol, there were only three subnet masks that
could possibly be assigned to a particular workstation. There was a class A, class B
and class C subnet mask. The subnet mask for a class A network is 255.0.0.0. It also
means that there are 8 bits available for the network address and 24 bits available
for hosts on those network.
To find the network address, we set all the host bits to zero. To find the first
available host on the subnet, we add one to the value of network address.
To find the broadcast address, we set all the host bits to ones. And last, to find
the last available host on the subnet, we subtract one to the value of broadcast
address.

DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Write your answer in two to
three sentences each number.

1. List down the difference among class A, class B and Class C subnet mask?
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2. Cite a situation in which you can apply the knowledge about classful subnetting.
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DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Choose the best answer by
encircling your answer.

1. Give the correct subnet mask if the IP address falls on a class C.

a. 255.0.0.0 c. 255.255.255.0
b. 255.255.0.0 d. 127.0.0.1
2. It is the first IP address of a subnet and is computed by setting all the host
bits to zero.
a. First usable host address c. Broadcast Address
b. Network Address d. Last usable host address
3. Given the IP address 192.168.10.8, Which of the following is the correct
subdivision of network and host part?
a. Network: 192.168.10 Host: 8
b. Network: 192.168 Host: 10.8
c. Network: 192 Host: 168.8.10
d. Network: 192.0.0.0 Host: 192.255.255.255
4. Given the IP address 191.168.1.1, which of the following is the network
address?
a. 191.0.0.0 c. 191.168.1.0
b. 191.168.0.0 d. 191.255.255.255
5. Which of the following does not belong to the group when we start
architecting the IP address 10.1.1.1?
a. 10.0.0.0 c. 10.1.0.0
b. 10.255.255.255 d. 10.0.0.1